Fitokimyasalların Kanser Hücreleri Üzerine Apoptotik Etkileri

Öz

Kanser, hücrelerin kontrolsüz çoğalması ve anormal yayılma göstermesi ile karakterize son derece ölümcül bir hastalıktır. Son yıllardaki en önemli sağlık sorunlarından birisi olan kanser kalp hastalıklarından sonra ikinci sırada gelmektedir. Çeşitli nedenlere bağlı olarak normal hücrelerin farklılaşmaları ile oluşurlar. Kendilerine özgü, normal hücrelerde olmayan özellikler geliştirmişlerdir. Bu özelliklerden biri apoptozdan kaçma yeteneğidir. Belirli sinyallere yanıt olarak hücre proliferasyonunu ve homeostazı dengelemek için hücre ölüm sürecini tetikleyen apoptoz, programlı hücre ölümüdür. Düzenlenmesinde hatalar olması, kanseri ayırt etmede önem taşımaktadır. Kanserin tedavi aşamasında, kanser hücrelerini apoptoza götürmek için farklı arayışlar mevcuttur. Bunlardan birisi fitokimyasal bileşiklerdir. Bitkilerde bulunan, insan sağlığı için faydalı etkilere sahip besleyici olmayan bileşiklere fitokimyasallar denir. Şimdiki tıp biliminde, kişiselleştirilmiş tıbbın geliştirilmesi, farklı tedavi seçenekleri ve fitokimyasalların gıda takviyesi olarak tüketilmesi, kanser terapötikleri açısından yüksek prevalansa sahip olacaktır. İnsan sağlığı ve moleküler mekanizmaları üzerinde etkisi olan bu fitokimyasallar, kanser terapötiklerinin kullanımında yenilikler getirecektir. Fitokimyasalların kanser ilerlemesinin önlenmesi ve çoğu insan malignitesinin tedavisi için tek başına veya geleneksel terapötiklerle kombinasyon halinde faydalı olabileceğine inanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, fitokimyasalların kanser tedavisi üzerine apoptotik etkileri vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kanser
• Apoptoz
• Fitokimyasallar

Apoptotic Effects of Phytochemicals on Cancer Cells

Abstract

Cancer is an extremely deadly disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and abnormal spread of cells. Cancer, one of the most important health problems in recent years, comes second after heart diseases. They are formed by the differentiation of normal cells due to various reasons. They have developed unique features that are not found in normal cells. One of these traits is the ability to escape apoptosis. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, which triggers the cell death process to balance cell proliferation and homeostasis in response to certain signals. Errors in regulation are important in distinguishing cancer. In the treatment phase of cancer, there are different searches to lead cancer cells to apoptosis. One of them is phytochemical compounds. Non-nutritive compounds found in plants that have beneficial effects for human health are called phytochemicals. In current medical science, the development of personalized medicine, different treatment options and consumption of phytochemicals as food supplements will have a high prevalence for cancer therapeutics. These phytochemicals, which have an impact on human health and molecular mechanisms, will bring innovations in the use of cancer therapeutics. It is believed that phytochemicals may be useful alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics for the prevention of cancer progression and the treatment of most human malignancies. In this review, apoptotic effects of phytochemicals on cancer treatment are emphasized.

Keywords

• Cancer
• Apoptosis
• Phytochemicals

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