A Review of Anaerobic Digestion Method Using Food Waste as Fermentation Medium

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an innovative and sustainable technology that has the potential to convert organic wastes into bioenergy, while providing solutions to the energy crisis and waste disposal problem, also providing environmental pollution control. Today, food waste treated with traditional disposal methods creates a serious environmental problem and cost. Although food waste is an ideal substrate for biogas production, its complex chemical structure and heterogeneity make biotransformation difficult in the AD process, and due to the technical problems it creates in the process, it does not allow it to be fully implemented in food waste management yet. The necessity of developing the basic biological and physicochemical processes of food wastes in the AD process is of vital importance both for the sustainable use of these wastes in this method and for the development of the process. In this study, the place of food waste among biomass sources was pointed out and the quantity, composition, and methane potential of this waste were discussed. The efficiency of one- and two-stage AD processes in the presence of food waste was compared in the presence of different strategies including co-digestion, the addition of micronutrients, control of foaming, and process design.

Keywords

• Biomass
• Food waste
• Anaerobic digestion
• Bioenergy
• Biofuel
• Methane

Gıda Atıklarının Fermentasyon Ortamı Olarak Kullanıldığı Anaerobik Parçalanma Yöntemi Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Anaerobik çürütme (AD), organik atıkları biyoenerjiye dönüştürme potansiyeline sahip, enerji krizi ve atık imha sorununa çözüm üretirken çevre kirliliği kontrolünü de sağlayan yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir bir teknolojidir. Günümüzde geleneksel imha yöntemleri ile muamele edilen gıda atıkları ciddi bir çevre problemi ve maliyet oluşturmaktadırlar. Gıda atıkları biyogaz üretimi için ideal substrat olmakla birlikte, karışık kimyasal yapısı ve heterojenitesi AD prosesinde biyo-dönüşümünü zorlaştırmakta, süreçte yarattığı teknik problemler nedeniyle de gıda atık yönetiminde henüz tam olarak uygulamaya geçirilmesine olanak vermemektedir. Gıda atıklarının AD sürecinde yer alan temel biyolojik ve fizikokimyasal süreçlerin geliştirilmesinin gerekliliği hem bu atıkların sürdürülebilir şekilde yöntemde kullanılabilmesi hem de prosesin geliştirilebilmesi amacıyla hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, gıda atıklarının biyokütle kaynakları arasındaki yeri işaret edilerek bu atığın miktar, bileşim ve metan üretim potansiyeli tartışılmıştır. Birlikte çürütme, mikro-besin ilavesi, köpük kontrolü ve proses dizaynı gibi değişik stratejiler varlığında gerçekleştirilen gıda atıkları varlığındaki tek- ve çift-aşamalı AD süreçlerinin verimliliği karşılaştırılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyokütle
• Gıda atığı
• Oksijensiz parçalanma
• Biyoenerji
• Biyoyakıt
• Metan

Kaynakça

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