Fake News Detection and Classification with Recurrent Neural Network Based Deep Learning Approaches

Abstract

Events happening in the world are transmitted to the end user through the news channel. The information transmitted from the news is generally considered to be accurate. However, there may be errors or lies in the information that circulates on the news channels. At the same time, this news has an impact on serious environments, such as the economy. In social networks where data sharing is increasing, news data is piling up uncontrollably. In these data piles, there is real information as well as different information that is not real commercial, political, or sales-orientated. False information and data expand faster as a result of sharing false information by users. This news directly affects users, causing erroneous transactions, misinformation, or financial loss. For the stated reasons, automatic fake news classification systems are proposed in this article by combining natural language processing with Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based deep learning methods. The proposed systems were tested on a dataset containing 23,481 fake news and 21,417 real news using general performance metrics. As a result of the test processes, the proposed BiLSTM method provided 99,72% accuracy, while the proposed GRU method accessed 97,50% accuracy.

Keywords

• Convolutional Neural Network
• Fake News Classification
• BiLSTM
• GRU
• Natural Language Processing

Tekrarlayan Sinir Ağı Tabanlı Derin Öğrenme Yaklaşımları ile Sahte Haber Tespiti ve Sınıflandırması

Öz

Dünyada olup biten olaylar son kullanıcıya haber mecrası aracılığıyla aktarılmaktadır. Haberlerden aktarılan bilgilerin genellikle doğru olduğu düşünülmektedir. Ancak haber kanallarında dolaşan bilgilerde hata ya da yalan olabilmektedir. Aynı zamanda bu haberlerin ekonomi gibi ciddi ortamlarda etkisi de bulunmaktadır. Veri paylaşımının artış gösterdiği sosyal ağlarda haber verileri kontrolsüz bir şekilde yığılmaktadır. Bu veri yığınları içerisinde gerçek bilgiler olduğu gibi gerçek olmayan ticari, siyasi ya da satış hedefli farklı bilgilerde bulunmaktadır. Gerçek olmayan bilgiler, kullanıcılar tarafından paylaşılması sonucunda sahte bilgi ve veriler daha hızlı bir şekilde genişlemektedir. Bu tür haberler kullanıcıları doğrudan etkileyerek hatalı işlem yapmaya, yanlış bilgi sahibi olmaya veya maddi bir kayba neden olmaktadır. Belirtilen sebeplerden dolayı bu makalede doğal dil işleme Tekrarlayan Sinir Ağı (TSA) tabanlı derin öğrenme yöntemleri ile birleştirerek otomatik sahte haber sınıflandırma sistemleri önerilmiştir. Önerilen sistemler genel performans metrikleri kullanılarak 23,481 adet sahte haber, 21,417 adet gerçek haber içeren bir veri setinde test edilmiştir. Yapılan test işlemleri sonucunda önerilen BiLSTM yöntemi %99,72 doğruluk oranı sağlarken, önerilen GRU yöntemi %97,50 doğruluk oranına ulaşmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sahte Haber Sınıflandırma
• BiLSTM
• GRU
• Convolutional Neural Network
• Natural Language Processing

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