Fesleğenden (Ocimum Basilicum L.) Sentezlenen Gümüş Nanopartiküllerin İnsan Akciğer Kanseri Hücrelerinde Antikanser Aktivitesinin Araştırılması

Öz

Nanopartiküller (NP) pek çok alanda etkili bir biçimde kullanılmaktadır. Sentezinde fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerin yanı sıra günümüzde oldukça göze çarpan biyolojik yöntemler de mevcuttur. Yeşil sentez olarak da adlandırılan bu metodda insana ve çevreye zarar vermeyecek bileşenler kullanıldığından çalışmada yeşil sentez metodu tercih edilmiştir. Fesleğenin (Ocimum basilicum L.) yaprak ve baharatının sulu ekstreleri farklı konsantrasyonlarda kullanılmıştır. Yapılan tekrarlı çalışmalardan elde edilen NP’lerin boyutları incelenmiştir. DLS boyut ölçümü sonucunda yapraktan 138.3 nm, baharattan 188.6 nm büyüklüğünde gümüş nanopartiküller (AgNP) elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sırasında sentezlenen tüm AgNP’lerin A549 hücreleri üzerinde antikanser aktivitesi incelendiğinde, 2.5 ve 3.25 mg mL-1 konsantrasyonları aralığında, boyutu 138.3 nm olan, bekletilmeden kullanılan yaprak fesleğen AgNP'lerinin en fazla antikanser etki sağladığı görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ocimum basilicum
• gümüş nanopartikül
• yeşil sentez
• akciğer kanseri
• antikanser aktivite

Investigation of Anticancer Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) in Human Lung Cancer Cells

Abstract

Nanoparticles (NP) are used effectively in many fields. In addition to physical and chemical methods in its synthesis, there are also biological methods that are quite outstanding today. In this method, which is also called green synthesis, the green synthesis method was preferred in the study, since components that do not harm humans and the environment are used. Aqueous extracts of the leaf and spice of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were used at different concentrations. The sizes of NPs obtained from repeated studies were examined. As a result of DLS size measurement, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) with a size of 138.3 nm from the leaf and 188.6 nm from the spice were obtained. When the anticancer activity of various AgNPs synthesized during the study was examined on A549 cells, it was seen that the AgNPs of basil leaves, which were used without waiting, with a size of 138.3 nm, in the concentration range of 2.5 and 3.25 mg mL-1, provided the most anticancer effect.

Keywords

• Ocimum basilicum
• silver nanoparticle
• green synthesis
• lung cancer
• anticancer activity

Kaynakça

1. Abbasi BH, Nazir M, Muhammad W, Hashmi SS, Abbasi R, Rahman L, Hano C. A Comparative Evaluation of the Antiproliferative Activity against HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells of Plant-Derived Silver Nanoparticles from Basil Extracts with Contrasting Anthocyanin Contents. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(8):320.
2. Ankamwar B., Damle C., Ahmad A., Sastry M. Biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Emblicsofficinalis fruit extract and their phase transfer and trans metallation in an organic solution. Journal of Nanoscience Nanotechnology 2005; 5: 1665–1671.
3. Anonim, 2017. Bitkilerden İlaç Elde Edilmesi, https://www.ttb.org.tr/makale_goster.php?Guid=81aa5bf6-927e-11e7-b66d-1540034f819c (Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2021)
4. Anonim,2022. Fesleğen Faydaları Nelerdir?, https://www.cnnturk.com/saglik/feslegen-faydalari-nelerdir-neye-iyi-gelir-feslegen-az-bilinen-faydalari (Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2021)
5. Dehaghi SM., Rahmanifar B., Moradi AM., Azar PA. Removal of permethrin pesticide from water by chitosan–zincoxide nanoparticles composite as an adsorbent. Journal of Saudi Chemist Society 2014; 18: 348–355.
6. Elansary, H.O.; Mahmoud, E.A. In vitro antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of six international basil cultivars. Nat. Prod. Res. 2015; 29, 2149–2154
7. Elgorban AM., Al-Rahmah AN., Sayed SR., Hirad A., Mostafa AAF., Bahkali AH. Antimicrobial activity and green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trichodermaviride. Biotechnology Equipment 2016; 30: 299–304.
8. Ernández-Pinero JL., Terrón-Rebolledo M., Foroughbakhch R. Effect of heating rate and plant species on the size and uniformity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using aromatic plant extracts. Appl Nanosci 2016; 6:1183–1190.

9. Farias CBB., Silva AF., Rufino RD., Luna JM., Souza JEG., Sarubbo LA. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a biosurfactant produced in low-cost medium as stabilizing agent electron. Journal of Biotechnology 2014; 17: 122–125.
10. Filip S. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) a source of valuable phytonutrients. International Journal of Clinical Nutrient Diet 2017; 3:118
11. Greenlee RT., Murray T., Bolden S., Wingpo CA. Cancer statistics. Cancer Journal Clinical 2005; 50:7-33.
12. Hakkim FL., Shankar CG., Girija S. Chemical composition and antioxidant property of holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) leaves, stems, and inflorescence and their in vitro callus cultures. India Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 2007; 55:9109–9117
13. Iravani S. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chemistry 2011; 13: 2638–2650 Kavaz, D., Nanopartiküller, Nanobülten, Aylık Nanoteknoloji Ve Nanotıp Dergisi 2011; 13, 12-19.
14. Khanra K, Panja S, Choudhuri I, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharyya N. Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect of silver nanoparticle synthesized by Croton bonplandianum Baill. leaves. Nanomedicine J. 2016; 3(1), 15–22
15. Khanra K, Panja S, Choudhuri I, Chakraborty A, Bhattacharyya N. Evaluation of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Scoparia dulcis. Nano Biomed. Eng. 2015; 7(3), 128–133
16. Malapermal V., Botha I., Krishna SBN., Mbatha JN., Enhancing antidiabetic and antimicrobial performance of Ocimum basilicum, and Ocimum sanctum (L.) using silver nanoparticles, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2017; 24, 1294-1305
17. Manikandan DB., Sridhar A., Sekar RK., Perumalsamy B., Veeran S., Arumugam M., Karuppaiah P., Ramasamy T. Green fabrication, characterization of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum americanum (Hoary Basil) and investigation of its in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer and photocatalytic reduction. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021; 9(1): ISSN 2213-3437
18. Muhammad W., Khan MA., Nazir M., Siddiquah A., Mushtaq S., Hashmi SS., Abbasi BH. Papavers omniferum L. mediated novel bioinspired leadoxide (PbO) and ironoxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles: In-vitro biological applications, biocompatibility and their potential towards HepG2 cellline. Material Science Engineering 2019; 103: 109740.
19. Mukherjee S, Chowdhury D, Kotcherlakota R et al. Potential theranostics application of bio-synthesized silver nanoparticles (4-in-1 system). Theranostics 2014; 4(3), 316–335
20. Nadeem M., Abbasi BH., Younas M., Ahmad W., Khan T. A review of the green synthesis and anti-microbial applications of gold nanoparticles. Green Chemistry 2017; 10: 216–227.
21. Nidhin, M., Indumathy, R., Sreeram, K.J. et al. Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles of narrow size distribution on polysaccharide templates. Bull Mater Sci 2008; 31; 93–96
22. Ovais M., Khalil AT., Raza A. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle via plant extracts: begining a new era in cancer theranostics, Nanomedicine 2016; 11 (23).
23. Özkahraman, B., Acar, I., Güçlü, G., Mikrojeller ve Uygulama Alanları, Nanoteknoloji Günleri, Kocaeli Üniversitesi, 2011
24. Palaniappan P, Sathishkumar G, Sankar R. Fabrication of nano-silver particles using Cymodocea serrulata and its cytotoxicity effect against human lung cancer A549 cells line. Spectroch Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 2015; 138, 885–890
25. Pedro AC., Moreira F., Granato D., Rosso ND. Extraction of bioactive compounds and free radical scavenging activity of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaf extracts as affected by temperature and time. Ann. Braz. Acad. Sci 2017; 88: 1055–1068.
26. Perna S, Alawadhi H, Riva A, Allegrini P, Petrangolini G, Gasparri C, Alalwan TA, Rondanelli M. In Vitro and In Vivo Anticancer Activity of Basil (Ocimum spp.): Current Insights and Future Prospects. Cancers. 2022; 14(10):2375.
27. Siddiquah A., Hashmi SS., Mushtaq S., Renouard S., Blondeau JP., Abbasi R., Hano C., Abbasi BH. Exploiting in vitro potential and characterization of surface modified ZincOxide nanoparticles of Isodonrugosu sextract: Their clinical potential towards HepG2 cell line and human pathogenic bacteria. Excli. Journal 2018; 17: 671–687.
28. Singh P., Kim YJ., Zhang D and Yang DC. Biological synthesis of nanoparticles from plants and microorganisms. Trends in Biotechnology 2016; 34(7): 588-599
29. Singh P., Raja RB. Biological synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Trichodermaharzianum, Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci 2011; 2: 600–605.
30. Topdemir A. Mikroçoğaltımla üretilmiş fesleğenin (ocimum basilicum l.) tepsili kurutucuda kuruma karakteristiğinin belirlenmesi. Fırat Üniversitesi Müh. Bil. Dergisi 2019; 31(2): 545-550
31. Tripathi, A., Gupta, R., Saraf, S.A., PLGA nanoparticles of anti tubercular drug: drug loading and release studies of a water ın-soluble drug, Int. J. PharmTech. Res 2010; 2, 2116-2123.
32. Ünal İ. Rheum Ribers (Işgın) ve Paeonia Kesraunensis (Ayıgülü) bitkilerinin ekstraktından gümüş nanopartikül sentezi, karakterizasyonu ve sitotoksisitesinin belirlenmesi, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Tokat, Türkiye, 2019.
33. Venkatesan B, Subramanian V, Tumala A, Vellaichamy E. Rapid synthesis of biocompatible silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Rosa damascena petals and evaluation of their anticancer activity. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2014; 7(1), S294–S300
34. Zia M., Gul S., Akhtar J., ulHaq I., Abbasi BH., Hussain A., Naz S., Chaudhary MF. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from grape and tomato juices and evaluation of biological activities. IET nanobiotechnology 2016; 11: 193–199.
35. Zook JM., Long SE., Cleveland D. Measuring silver nanoparticle dissolution in complex biological and environmental matrices using UV–visible absorbance. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2011; 6; 401-410.