Determination of the Effects of Addition of Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis) Tree Leaves to Sheep Diets on Fermentation and Digestion Degrees by In vitro Gas Production Technique

Öz

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of adding sweetgum tree leaves at levels of 0, 10, 20, and 30% to sheep diets instead of alfalfa hay on gas production (GP), methane (CH4) production, true digestible dry matter (TDDM), partitioning factor (PF), microbial protein (MP), microbial protein synthesis efficiency (MPSE) and true digestibility (TD) using the in vitro gas production technique. The GP and CH4 productions of the diets were significantly decreased (P<0.001). The TDDM, PF, MP, MPSE and TD values of the diets were found to be statistically significant (P<0.05). In the study, the TDDM, PF, MP, MPSE, and TD values were found to be between 252,71 and 264,49 mg, 3,58 and 4,59, 100,80 and 131,16 mg, %38,53 and %51,89, and %53,57 and %56,23, respectively. Using Pearson's correlation analysis in the diets, a negative correlation was found between the fermentation parameters GP, CH4 (ml), CH4 (%) and PF, MP and MPSE values (P<0.01). Due to the high tannin content of the sweetgum tree leaves in the diets, it is necessary to support the results obtained from the in vitro findings with in vivo studies to determine the appropriate dose in the diets of sheep.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• in vitro
• degree of digestion
• sheep diets
• tree leaves

Sığla (Liquidambar orientalis) Ağaç Yapraklarının Koyun Diyetlerine İlavesinin Fermantasyon ve Sindirim Derecelerine Etkilerinin İn vitro Gaz Üretim Tekniği ile Belirlenmesi

Öz

Çalışmada sığla ağaç yapraklarının, yonca kuru otu yerine % 0, 10, 20, 30 oranlarında koyun rasyonlarına ilave edilerek, gaz üretimi (GÜ), metan (CH4) üretimi, gerçek sindirilebilir kuru madde (GSKM), taksimat faktörü (TF), mikrobiyal protein (MP), mikrobiyal protein sentezi etkinliği (MPSE) ve gerçek sindirim derecesi (GSD) üzerine olan etkileri in vitro gaz üretim tekniği ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada sığla ağaç yapraklarını kullanımı GÜ ve CH4 üretimlerini önemli derecede düşürmüştür (P<0.001). Rasyonlar arasındaki GSKM, TF, MP, MPSE ve GSD değerleri sayısal farklılık istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Araştırmada, GSKM (252,71 ile 264,49 mg), TF (3,58 ile 4,59), MP (100,80 ile 131,16 mg), MPSE (% 38,53 ile % 51,89) ve GSD (% 53,57 ile % 56,23) arasında bulunmuştur. Pearson’s korelasyon analizi kullanılarak rasyonların fermantasyon parametreleri GÜ, CH4 (ml), CH4 (%) ile PF, MP ve MPSE değerleri arasında negatif bir ilişki çıkmıştır (P<0.01). Sığla ağaç yapraklarının içerisinde bulunan tanen miktarının yüksek olmasından dolayı koyun rasyonlarında uygun dozun belirlenmesi için in vitro bulgular ile elde edilen sonuçların in vivo çalışmalarla desteklenmesine ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• in vitro
• sindirim derecesi
• koyun diyetleri
• ağaç yaprakları

Kaynakça

1. AOAC. Official method of analysis. 15th ed., pp.66-88. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA. 1990.
2. Blümmel M., Cone JW., Van Gelder AH., Nshalai I., Umunna NN., Makkar HPS., Becker K. Prediction of forage intake using in vitro gas production methods: Comparison of multiphase fermentation kinetics measured in an automated gas test, and combined gas volume and substrate degradability measurements in a manual syringe system. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2005; 123, 517-526.
3. Blümmel M., Lebzien P. Predicting ruminal microbial efficiencies of dairy rations by in vitro techniques. Livestock Production Science 2001; 68(2-3): 107-117.
4. Blümmel M., Makkar HPS., Chisanga G., Mtimuni J., Becker K. The prediction of dry matter intake of temperate and tropical roughages from in vitro digestibility/gas-production data, and the dry matter intake and in vitro digestibility of African roughages in relation to ruminant liveweight gain. Animal Feed Science and Technology 1997a; 69(1-3): 131-141.
5. Blümmel M., Steingas H., Becker K. The relationship between in vitro gas production, in vitro microbial biomass yield and 15N incorporation and its implications for the prediction of voluntary feed intake of roughages. British Journal of Nutrition 1997b; 77(6): 911-921.
6. Blümmel M., Steingass H., Becker K. The partitioning of in vitro fermentation products and its bearing for voluntary feed intake. In Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology (Germany) 1994; DLG.
7. Boga M. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production kinetics of some tree leaves obtained in the mediterranean region of Turkey. Anadolu J Agr Sci. 2014, 29(2): 143-146.
8. Boğa M., Avcı BC., Kılıç HN. Evaluation of some commercial food rations in terms of chemical composition, methane production, net energy and organic substance digestibility. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology 2022; 10(6): 1095-1101.

9. Boschini CF. Nutritional quality of mulberry cultivated for ruminant feeding. (Mulberry for Animal Produc-tion. Ed. M.D. Sánchez. FAO Animal Production and health Paper. ISBN:92-5-104568-2) 2002; Rome.
10. Çağlar A., Tomar O., Ekiz T. Bütirik asit: yapısı, özellikleri ve sağlık üzerine etkileri. Koctepe Vet Dergisi 2017; 10(3): 213-225.
11. Cai Y., Du Z., Yamasaki S., Nguluve D., Tinga B., Macome F., Oya T. Community of natural lactic acid bacteria and silage fermentation of corn stover and sugarcane tops in Africa. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2020; 33(8): 1252.
12. Chávez CCM., Ramírez PN., Hoyos LR., Durán MGR., Madrigal JF., Sánchez MCC., Palacios CAM. Retos y perspectivas del sector acuícola rumbo al 2050. Ciencia Nicolaita; 2021; 83.
13. Chen X., Ma Y., Khan MZ., Xiao J., Alugongo GM., Li S., Cao Z. A combination of lactic acid bacteria and molasses improves fermentation quality, chemical composition, physicochemical structure, in vitro degradability and rumen microbiota colonization of rice straw. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022; 9.
14. Cui K., Qi M., Wang S., Diao Q., Zhang N. Dietary energy and protein levels influenced the growth performance, ruminal morphology and fermentation and microbial diversity of lambs. Scientific Reports 2019; 9(1): 1-10.
15. Denek N., Aydin SS., Can A. The effects of dried pistachio (Pistachio vera L.) by-product addition on corn silage fermentation and in vitro methane production. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2017; 45(1): 185-189.