Kurşunla kirlenmiş topraklarda soğanın (Allium cepa L.) şelat ve mikrobiyal gübre destekli fitoremediasyon etkinliğinin araştırılması

Öz

Ağır metal kirliliği son yıllarda artan çevre kirliliği başında gelmektedir. Kurşun sanayide en fazla kullanılan elementlerden bir olduğu için toprak kirliliğinde tespit edilmektedir. Toprak kirliliğinin giderilmesinde son yıllarda alternatif bir yöntem olarak fitoremediasyon tercih edilmektedir ve fitoremediasyon toprağın biyolojik özelliklerini ve fiziksel yapısını korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada, EDTA (Etilendiamin tetraasetik asit) ve Hümik Asit şelatlayıcı ajanlarının ve mikrobiyal gübrelemenin kurşunla kirlenmiş topraklarda Allium cepa L. (soğan)’ nin fitoremediasyon etkinliği ve bitki büyüme parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Buna göre EDTA +Mikrobiyal Gübre kombinasyonu uygulanan saksılarda kök Tİ değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Hümik asit uygulanan saksılarda ise kök Tİ değerleri daha yüksektir. Yine EDTA +Mikrobiyal Gübre kombinasyonu uygulanan saksılarda Yaprak yaş ağırlık ve kuru ağırlık Tİ değerleri yüksektir. Araştırmada mikrobiyal gübrenin türün tolerans indeksini arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. A. cepa’da Pb değerlerlerine göre 5 mmol kg-1 EDTA ilaveli saksılarda sırası ile kök, bulb, yaprak ve toplam bitkide (28,93 mg kg-1, 36,16 mg kg-1, 262,56 mg kg-1 ,327,65 mg kg-1 ) bulunmuştur. Hümik asit ilaveli saksılarda toplam bitkide 10 mmol kg-1’da yüksek akümülasyon (16,19 mg kg-1) bulunmuştur. Bitkinin Pb ‘yi yaprağında daha çok biriktirme eğilimi gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. EDTA ve Hümik Asit şelatlarında BCF değerlerinin 1’den büyük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Şelat + mikrobiyal gübre kombinasyonunda yetiştirilen Allium cepa BCF değerlerinin 1’den küçük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak mikrobiyal gübre ilavesinin türün Pb alımını düşürdüğü söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fitoremediasyon
• Allium cepa L.
• Şelat
• EDTA
• Hümik Asit

Proje Numarası

FMB-BAP 17-0246

Investigation of chelate and microbial fertilizer assisted phytoremediation efficiency of onion (Allium cepa L.) in lead contaminated soils

Öz

in recent years. Since lead is one of the most widely used elements in industry, it is detected in soil pollution. In recent years, phytoremediation has been preferred as an alternative method for the removal of soil pollution and phytoremediation protects the biological properties and physical structure of the soil. In this study, the effects of EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and humic acid chelating agents and microbial fertilization on phytoremediation efficiency and plant growth parameters of Allium cepa L. (onion) in lead contaminated soils were investigated. Accordingly, it was determined that root TI values were higher in the pots where EDTA + Microbial Fertilizer combination was applied. In the pots where humic acid was applied, root TI values were higher. Again, leaf wet weight and dry weight TI values were higher in the pots where EDTA + Microbial Fertilizer combination was applied. It was determined that microbial fertilizer increased the tolerance index of the species. According to Pb values in A. cepa, it was found in root, bulb, leaf and total plant (28,93 mg kg-1, 36,16 mg kg-1, 262,56 mg kg-1, 327,65 mg kg-1) in pots with 5 mmol kg-1 EDTA addition, respectively. High accumulation (16.19 mg kg-1) was found at 10 mmol kg-1 in total plant in pots with humic acid addition. It was found that the plant tended to accumulate Pb more in its leaves. BCF values of EDTA and Humic Acid chelates were found to be greater than 1. BCF values of Allium cepa grown in chelate + microbial fertilizer combination were found to be less than 1. As a result, it can be said that the addition of microbial fertilizer decreased the Pb uptake of the species.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Phytoremediation
• Allium cepa L.
• Chelate
• EDTA
• Humic Acid.
• Microbial Fertilizer

Destekleyen Kurum

Amasya Üniversitesi

Proje Numarası

FMB-BAP 17-0246

Teşekkür

Amasya University BAP unit (FMB-BAP 17-0246) has supported this study

Kaynakça

1. Ali S., Abbas Z., Rizwan M., Zaheer IE., Yavaş İ., Ünay A., Daim MMA., Jumah MB., Hasanuuzzaman M., Kalderis D. Application of floating aquatic plants in phytoremediation of heavy metals polluted water: A review. Sustainability 2020; 12(5): 1927.
2. Ali SY., Chaudhury S. EDTA-enhanced phytoextraction by Tagetes sp. and effect on bioconcentration and translocation of heavy metals. Environmental Processes 2016; 3(4): 735-746.
3. Angin I., Turan M., Ketterings QM., Cakici A. Humic acid addition enhances B and Pb phytoextraction by vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2008; 188: 335-343.
4. Baker AJM., Brooks RR. Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements – a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery 1989; 1: 81–126.
5. Blaylock MJ., Salt DE., Dushenkov S., Zakharova O., Gussman C., Kapulnik Y., Ensley BD., Raskin I. Enhanced accumulation of Pb in Indian mustard by soil-applied chelating agents. Environmental Science and Technology 1997; 31(3): 860-865.
6. Bower CA., Gschwend FB. Ethylene glycol retention by soils as a measure of surface area and interlayer swelling. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1952; 16(4): 342-345.
7. Brooks RR. Plants that hyperaccumulate heavy metals. Plants and the chemical elements: biochemistry, uptake, tolerance and toxicity, 1994; 87-105.
8. Canal SB., Bozkurt MA., Yılmaz H. The effect of humic acid on rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plant growth, heavy metal uptake, phytoremediation parameters (BCF, TF and TI), and antioxidant activity in heavy metal polluted soil. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2022; 32(2): 237-248.

9. Chapman HD. Evaluation of the micronutrient status of soil. In Int Symp Soil Fert Eval New Delhi Proc 1971; (1): 927-947.
10. Clemens S. Toxic metal accumulation, responses to exposure and mechanisms of tolerance in plants. Biochimie 2006; 88(11): 1707-1719.
11. Çağlar KÖ. Toprak Bilgisi. A.Ü.Yayın1949; No:10
12. De la Rosa G., Peralta-Videa JR., Cruz-Jimenez, G., Duarte-Gardea M., Martinez-Martinez A., Cano-Aguilera I., Sharma NC., Sahi SV., Gardea-Torresdey JL. Role of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on lead uptake and translocation by tumbleweed (Salsola kali L.). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal 2007; 26(5): 1033-1039.
13. de Melo BAG., Motta FL., Santana MHA. Humic acids: Structural properties and multiple functionalities for novel technological developments. Materials Science and Engineering 2016; (62): 967-974.
14. Deram A., Petit, D., Robinson B., Brooks R., Gregg P., Van Halluwyn C. Natural and induced heavy‐metal accumulation by Arrhenatherum elatius: Implications for phytoremediation. Communications in soil science and plant analysis 2000; 31(3-4): 413-421.
15. Elkıran Ö. Removal of heavy metals from the environment via phytoremediation green reclamation method. Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 2016; 44(4): 525-533
16. Er H., Meral R., Kuşlu Y. Tuzlu toprakların halofit bitkiler kullanarak fitoremediasyon yöntemiyle iyileştirilmesi olanaklarının değerlendirilmesi. Turkish Journal of Scientific Reviews 2021; 14(2): 101-110.
17. Evangelou MW., Ebel M., Schaeffer A. Chelate assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals from soil. Effect, mechanism, toxicity, and fate of chelating agents. Chemosphere 2007; 68(6): 989-1003.
18. Farid M., Ali S., Shakoor MB., Bharwana SA., Rizvi H., Ehsan S., Hannan F. EDTA assisted phytoremediation of cadmium, lead and zinc. Int J Agron Plant Prod 2013; 4(11): 2833-2846.
19. García S., Zornoza P., Hernández LE., Esteban E., Carpena RO. Response of Lupinus albus to Pb–EDTA indicates relatively high tolerance. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2017: 99(9-10): 1378-1388.