Measurement of Global Solar Radiation Using Photovoltaic Collectors at Six Different Tilt Angles (0°, 30°, 37°, 45°, 60° and 90°) in the South Direction in Osmaniye

Abstract

This paper presents a study of the solar radiation data measured in Osmaniye (37.04 E, 36.22 N) during September 2022 - August 2023. Measurements were carried out using total six different solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems, which five oriented towards the south (=30°, 37°, 45°, 60° and 90°) and one towards the zenith direction (=0°). Data measured in minutes were analyzed hourly, daily, monthly, seasonally and annually in in W/m2. The monthly averages of daily total solar radiation measured at =0°, 30°, 37°, 45°, 60° and 90° directions were determined to be 327.92 W/m2, 400.05 W/m2, 406.20 W/m2, 401.37 W/m2, 374.80 W/m2 and 279.37 W/m2, respectively. The average annual solar energy measured in all directions ( =0°, 30°, 37°, 45°, 60° and 90°) was 310.99 W/m2, 355.93 W/m2, 359.23 W/m2, 351.60 W/m2, 317.57 W/m2, and 221.99 W/m2, respectively. When the daily, monthly and annual variations are examined, it is seen that higher solar energy is obtained from PV solar panels in the = 30°, 37° and 45° directions, which are close to the latitude angle of Osmaniye (37°.04). The results showed that the average solar radiation measured in the "=37°" direction was 0.93%, 2.17%, 13.12%, 15.51% and 61.82% higher than those measured in the =30°, 45°, 60°, 0° and 90° directions.

Keywords

• Global Solar Radiation
• Solar energy
• Solar collector
• Tilt angle
• Surface orientation

Osmaniye’de Güney Yönünde Altı Farklı Eğim Açısında (0°, 30°, 37°, 45°, 60° ve 90°) Fotovoltaik Kolektörler Kullanılarak Toplam Güneş Radyasyonun Ölçülmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Eylül 2022 - Ağustos 2023 döneminde Osmaniye’de (37°.04 D, 36°.22 K) ölçülen güneş radyasyonu verilerinin bir incelemesini sunmaktadır. Ölçümler, beşi güneye (=30°, 37°, 45°, 60° and 90°) ve biri başucu doğrultusuna (=0°) doğru yönlendirilmiş toplam altı farklı PV güneş sistemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dakikalık olarak ölçülen veriler in W/m2 biriminde saatlik, günlük, aylık, mevsimlik ve yıllık olarak analiz edilmiştir. =0°, 30°, 37°, 45°, 60° ve 90° yönlerinde ölçülen günlük toplam güneş ışınımının aylık ortalamaları sırasıyla 327.92 W/m2, 400.05 W/m2, 406.20 W/m2, 401.37 W/m2, 374.80 W/m2 ve 279.37 W/m2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm yönlerde (=0°, 30°, 37°, 45°, 60° ve 90°) ölçülen yıllık ortalama güneş enerjisi sırasıyla 310.99 W/m2, 355.93 W/m2, 359.23 W/m2, 351.60 W/m2, 317.57 W/m2 ve 221.99 W/m2olduğunu görülmüştür. Günlük, aylık ve yıllık değişimleri incelendiğinde, Osmaniye’nin enlem açısına (37°.04) yakın olan =30°, 37° ve 45° yönlerindeki FV güneş panellerden daha yüksek güneş enerjisinin elde edildiği görülmektedir. Sonuçlar, "=37°" yönünde ölçülen ortalama güneş radyasyonunun, =30°, 45°, 60°, 0° ve 90° yönlerinde ölçülenlerden sırasıyla %0.93, %2.17, %13.12, %15.51 ve %61.82 daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toplam Güneş Radyasyonu
• Güneş Enerjisi
• Güneş kolektörü
• Eğim açısı
• Yüzey yönelimi

Kaynakça

1. Abdullah AH., Ghoneim AA., Al-Hasan AY. Assesment of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in the Kuwaiti climate, Renewable Energy 2002; 26, 189-199.
2. Alshahrani A., Omer S., Su Y., Mohamed E., Alotaibi S. Thetechnical challenges facing the integration of small-scale and large-scale FV systems into the grid: a critical review, Electronics 2019; 8, 1443.
3. Bilgili M., Ozbek A., Sahin B., Kahraman A. An overview of renewable electric power capacity and progress in new technologies in the world. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2015; 49, 323-334.
4. Cooper PI. The absorption of solar radiation in solar stills. Solar Energy 1969; 12(3): 333-346.
5. Duffie JA., Beckman WA. Solar engineering of thermal processes, (4th ed.), John WileyandSons, Inc., New York, 2013.
6. Faranda R., Leva S. Energy comparison of MPPT techniques for PV Systems, WSEAS Transactions On Power Systems 2008; 6(3): 446-455.
7. Gairaa K., Bakelli Y. Anoverview of global solar radiationmeasurements in Ghardaiaarea, South Algeria. Internatıonal Journal of Energy and Environment 2011; 2(2): 255-260.
8. Hua Z., Ma C., Lian J., Pang X., Yang W. Optimal capacity allocation of multiple solar trackers and storage capacity for utility-scale photovoltaic plants considering output characteristics and complementary demand. Applied Energy 2019; 238, 721-733.

9. Iqbal M. An Introductionto Solar Radiation, AcademicPress, Toronto, Canada, 1983.
10. Jaszczur M., Hassan Q., Teneta J., Styszko K., Nawrot W., Hanus R. Study of dust deposition and temperature impact on solar photovoltaic modüle. MATEC Web of Conferences,ICCHMT, 2018; 240, 04005, 1-6.
11. Kalogirou SA. Solar energy engineering processes and systems. Second Edition, Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, Oxford, Parıs, San Diego San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo, AcademicPress is an imprint of Elsevier, 2014.
12. Kaya R. Fotovoltaik piller kullanarak güneş ışınım şiddetinin beş farklı noktada ölçülmesi ve verinin analiz edilmesi. Y. Lisans Tezi, OKU Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Osmaniye, Türkiye, 2021. Kaygusuz K. Energy for sustainable development: key issues and challenges. Energy Sources Part B, 2007; 2(1): 73-83. Laricoa ERA., Gutierreza AC. Solar tracking system with photovoltaic cells: Experimental analysis at high altitudes. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 2022; 11(3): 630-639.
13. Law EW., Prasad AA., Kay M., Taylor RA. Direct normal irradiance forecasting and its application to concentrated solar thermal output forecasting. A review. Sol. Energy 2014; 108, 287–307.
14. Malik AQ., Ak Abd Malik Abd Raub Pg Ghani. Measurement of global solar radiation over Brunei Darussalam, ISESCO Scienceand Technology, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Renewable Energy: Environment Protection and Energy Solution, Malaysia, 2006; 762.
15. Marquez R., Coimbra CF. Intra-hour DNI forecasting based on cloud tracking image analysis. Sol. Energy 2013; 91, 327-336.
16. Maxwell EL., Stoffel TL., Bird RE. Measuring and modeling solar irradiance on vertical surfaces (No. SERI/TR-215-2525). Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO (USA), 1986.
17. Mondola J. Deb, Yohanisa YG., Norton B. The impact of array inclination and orientation on the performance of a grid-connected photovoltaic system. Renewable Energy 2007; 32, 118–140.
18. Othman AB., Belkilani K., Besbes M. Global solar radiation on tilted surfaces in Tunisia: Measurement, estimation and gained energy assessments. Energy Reports 2018; 4, 101-109.
19. Qing X., Niu Y. Hourly day-ahead solar irradiance prediction using weather forecasts by LSTM. Energy 2018; 148, 461-468.
20. Raza MQ., Nadarajah M., Ekanayake C. On recent advances in PV output power forecast. Solar Energy 2016; 136, 125–144.
21. Suki NM., Suki NM., Sharif A., Afshan S., Jermsittiparsert K. The role of technology innovation and renewable energy in reducing environmental degradation in Malaysia: A step towards sustainable environment. Renewable Energy 2022; 182, 245-253.
22. Şahan M., Kaya R. Fotovoltaik piller kullanılarak güneş ışınım şiddetinin beş farklı doğrultuda ölçülmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 2022; 17(1), 155-169.
23. Şahan M., Tokat Ö., Okur Y. Osmaniye’de günlük toplam güneş ışınım ölçümleri. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Fen Dergisi, 2015; 10 (2), 97-105.
24. Şahan M. Measurement of daily solar radiation with Eppley Black and White pyranometer in Osmaniye Region, Turkey, AIP Conference Proceedings, Turkish Physical Society 34th International Physics Congress – TPS34, Bodrum / Muğla, 2018; 2042, 020005–1–0200054.
25. Şahan M. The measurements of the global solar radiationand solar ultraviolet radiation during 2018 year, Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019; 2178, 030016.
26. Şahan M., Emrahoğlu N. Osmaniye’de yedi yıllık dönemde yatay yüzeydeki global güneş radyasyonu ölçümleri ve yeni ampirik modeller kullanılarak global güneş radyasyonunun tahmini. SDÜ. Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi - Fen Dergisi 2021; 16(2): 349-367.
27. Toklu E. Overview of potential and utilization of renewable energy sources in Turkey. Renew Energy 2013; 50, 456-463.
28. Xingang Z., Xiaomeng L., Pingkuo L., Tiantian F. The mechanism and policy on the electricity price of renewable energy in China. Ren Sustain Energy Rev, 2011; 15, 4302-4309.
29. Vernet A., Fabregat A. Evaluation of empirical daily solar radiation models for the northeast coast of the iberian peninsula. Energies 2023; 16, 2560.
30. Wojtkiewicz J., Hosseini M., Gottumukkala R., Chambers TL. Hour-ahead solar irradiance forecasting using multivariate gated recurrent units. Energies 2019; 12, 4055.
31. Yang D., Jirutitijaroen P., Walsh WM. Hourly solar irradiance time series forecasting using cloud cover index. Sol. Energy 2012; 86, 3531-3543.
32. Zhang HL., Baeyens J., Degreve J., Caceres G. Concentrated solar power plants: Review and design methodology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013; 22, 466-481.