MgO Üstüne Hazırlanan Ru Nanopartiküllerin Elektrokimyasal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Elektrot malzemeleri, elektrokimyasal cihazların performansı ve ömrü açısından önemli bir bileşendir. Elektrokimyasal cihazlarda elektrot malzemesi olarak çeşitli metal ve metal oksit malzemeler kullanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bu malzemelerin elektrokimyasal özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Ru/MgO metal/metal oksit nanomalzemesi sentezlenmiş ve elektrokimyasal özellikleri döngüsel voltametri (CV) ve galvanostatik şarj ve deşarj (GCD) yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. MgO üzerinde homojen Ru nanopartikülleri elde edildi. XRD modeli kullanılarak yapılan hesaplamaya göre Ru nanopartiküllerinin kristal boyutu yaklaşık 4,2 nm idi. Farklı akım yoğunluklarında alınan GCD ölçümlerine göre en yüksek özgül kapasitans 0,5 A/g'de 239,0 F/g ile elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ru/MgO
• Elektrokimya
• Mikroemülsiyon

Examination of the Electrochemical Behavior of Ru Nanoparticles Prepared on MgO

Abstract

Electrode materials are an important component for the performance and life of electrochemical devices. Various metal and metal oxide materials are used as electrode materials for electrochemical devices. In this context, various studies are being carried out to improve the electrochemical properties of these materials. In this study, Ru/MgO metal/metal oxide nanomaterial was synthesized and its electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD) methods. Homogeneous Ru nanoparticles were obtained on MgO. According to the calculation made using the XRD pattern, the crystal size of Ru nanoparticles was approximately 4.2 nm. According to GCD measurements taken at different current densities, the highest specific capacitance was obtained with 239.0 F/g at 0.5 A/g.

Keywords

• Ru/MgO
• Electrochemical
• Microemulsion

Kaynakça

1. Aboutalebianaraki N., Neal CJ., Seal S., Razavi M. Biodegradable Mg-Sc-Sr Alloy improves osteogenesis and angiogenesis to accelerate bone defect restoration. Journal of Functional Biomaterials 2022; 13: 261-278.
2. Bozkurt YG. Investigation of electrochemical performance of Ni/Cr2O3 and Co/Cr2O3 composite nanoparticles prepared by microwave-assisted solvothermal method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2023; 960: 170627.
3. Bozkurt YG., Daş E. The synthesis of MgO and MgO-graphene nanocomposite materials and their diode and photodiode applications. Physica Scripta 2023; 98: 085911.
4. Deka BK., Hazarika A., Kim J., Park YB., Park HW. Multifunctional CuO nanowire embodied structural supercapacitor based on woven carbon fiber/ionic liquid–polyester resin. Composites: Part A, 2016; 87: 256-262.
5. Dubal DP., Gund GS., Holze R., Lokhande CD. Mild chemical strategy to grow micro-roses and micro-woolen like arranged CuO nanosheets for high performance supercapacitors. Journal of Power Sources 2013; 242: 687-698.
6. Fang H., Wu S., Ayvali T., Zheng J., Fellowes J. Dispersed surface Ru ensembles on MgO (111) for catalytic ammonia decomposition. Nature Communications 2023; 14: 647.
7. Gaikwad DS., Bobade RG., Suryawanshi VB., Nakate UT., Shaikh SF., Enizi A., Dabke DB., Lokhande BJ., Ambare RC. Electrochemical property of nanosphere‑like MgO electrode synthesized via SILAR in asymmetric supercapacitor. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 2024; 35: 363.
8. Javaid R., Aoki Y., Nanba T. Highly efficient Ru/MgO-Er2O3 catalysts for ammonia synthesis. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2020; 146: 109570.

9. Javaid R., Nanba T. Efficient Ru/MgO–CeO2 catalyst for ammonia synthesis as a hydrogen and energy carrier. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2023; 48(30): 11214-11224.
10. Ju X., Liu L., Yu P., Guo J., Zhang X. Mesoporous Ru/MgO prepared by a deposition-precipitation method as highly active catalyst for producing COx-free hydrogen from ammonia decomposition. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 2017; 211: 167-175.
11. Ju X., Liu L., Zhang X., Feng J., He T., Chen P. Highly efficient Ru/MgO catalyst with surface-enriched basic sites for production of hydrogen from ammonia decomposition. Chem Cat Chem 2019; 11: 4161–4170.
12. Leelavathi A., Madras G., Ravishankar N. Origin of enhanced photocatalytic activity and photoconduction in high aspect ratio ZnO nanorod. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2013; 15: 10795.
13. Li J., Ren Z., Ren Y., Zhao L., Wang S., Yu J. Activated carbon with micrometer-scale channels prepared from luffa sponge fibers and their application for supercapacitors. RSC Advances 2014; 4: 35789.
14. Qiu Z., He D., Wang Y., Zhao X., Zhao W., Wu H. High performance asymmetric supercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density based on hierarchical carbon nanotubes@NiO core–shell nanosheets and defect-introduced graphene sheets with hole structure. RSC Advances, 2017; 7: 7843.
15. Ray A., Korkut D., Saruhan B. Efficient flexible all-solid supercapacitors with direct sputter-grown needle-like Mn/MnOx@Graphite-Foil electrodes and PPC-embedded ionic electrolyte. Nanomaterials 2020; 10(9): 1768.
16. Saptal VB., Sasaki T., Bhanage BM. Ru@PsIL-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-formamides and benzimidazole by using carbon dioxide and dimethylamine borane. Chem Cat Chem 2018; 10: 1-9.
17. Shafai N., Beltagi A., Ibrahim MM., Ramadanc MS., Mehasseb I. Enhancement of the photocurrent and electrochemical properties of the modified nanohybrid composite membrane of cellulose/graphene oxide with magnesium oxide nanoparticle ([e-mail]) for photocatalytic antifouling and supercapacitors applications. Electrochimica Acta 2021; 392: 138989.
18. Wildfirea C., Abdelsayed V., Shekhawat D., Daglec RA., Davidson SD., Hu J. Microwave-assisted ammonia synthesis over Ru/MgO catalysts at ambient pressure. Catalysis Today 2021; 365: 103-110.
19. Wu Z., Jiang H. Efficient palladium and ruthenium nanocatalysts stabilized by phosphine functionalized ionic liquid for selective hydrogenation. RSC Advances 2015; 5: 34622.
20. Wu Z., Zhu Y., Ji X., Banks CE. Nanomaterials in advanced batteries and supercapacitors. In: Ozoemena, K.I., Chen, S (editors). Transition metal oxides as supercapacitor materials. Nanomaterials in Advanced Batteries and Supercapacitors. Part 9. Canada: Springer, 2016; 317-344.
21. Xi Z. Recent advances of transition metal oxides and chalcogenides in pseudo-capacitors and hybrid capacitors: A review of structures, synthetic strategies, and mechanism studies. Journal of Energy Storage 2022; 49: 104148.
22. Yamazaki K., Matsumoto M., Kubo H., Fujitani T., Ishikawa M., Sato A. Evaluation of durability performance of a Ru/MgO catalyst for ammonia decomposition at an on-site hydrogen fueling station. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2022; 61(17): 5778–5785.
23. Yang X., Xiang C., Zou Y., Liang J., Zhang H., Yan E., Xu F., Hu X., Cheng Q., Sun L. Low-temperature synthesis of sea urchin-like Co-Ni oxide on graphene oxide for supercapacitor electrodes. Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020: 55: 223-230.
24. Yinghuai Z., Widjaja E., Sia SL., Zhan W. Carpenter K et al. Ruthenium (0) nanoparticle-catalyzed isotope exchange between 10B and 11B nuclei in decaborane (14). Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007; 129(20): 6507–6512.
25. Zhang YX., Li F., Huang M. One-step hydrothermal synthesis of hierarchical MnO2-coated CuO flower-like nanostructures with enhanced electrochemical properties for supercapacitor.Materials Letters 2013; 112: 203-206.
26. Zhang M., Liu W., Liang R., Tjandra R., Yu A. Graphene quantum dot induced tunable growth of nanostructured MnCo2O4.5 composites for high-performance supercapacitors Sustainable Energy Fuels 2019: 3: 2499-2508.
27. Zheng B., Chen T., Xiao FN., Bao WJ., Xia XH. KOH-activated nitrogen-doped graphene by means of thermal annealing for supercapacitor. Journal of Solid-State Electrochemistry 2013; 17: 1809–1814.