Araştırma Makalesi

Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 17 Ocak 2025
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Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System

Öz

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the performance of sensors integrated into the laboratory-type silage production, data acquisition, and control system. The system is a PLC-controlled and multi-sensor based system designed to enable numerous studies aimed at improving silage quality. It consists of grinding, weighing, silo, data acquisition, and control units. It provides the capability to apply/change/simulate various parameters during the silage production process. The silo unit is composed of two modules, module-A (compression principle) and module-B (vacuum principle). This research focuses on measurements conducted with plexiglass silos (24,5 cm3) in the module-A unit. This silos were equipped with oxygen sensor (±0-100 %), carbon dioxide sensor (0-5000 ppm), temperature sensor (±0.53 °C, -10 – 80 °C), humidity sensor (0-100 %), pH sensor (2-12), and pressure sensor (± 1000 mbar). The research utilized second-crop silage corn material with a dry matter content (DM) of 32%. Four different compaction forces were applied during the experiments. Sensor measurements were recorded as one data per second by connecting them to the data recording unit using analog sensors. Due to the abundance of data, average values were taken. The data were displayed and monitored on the HMI operator panel programmed with GOP HMI editor software and stored in Excel format. The measurements were carried out during the silage (aerobic) and post-silage (anaerobic) periods. According to the research results, it was observed that the six tested sensors performed accurate readings. However, issues related to the oxygen and carbon dioxide sensors were encountered. Due to the difficulty in reading at points with very low oxygen content, it was decided to be supported by controlling with sensors of different types and specifications. During measurements conducted at the compression stage in module-A, the pressure values varied between 0,34-0,67 bar with increasing compaction force. The temperature ranged from 16-33 °C, humidity from 60-100 %, pH from 5,8-5,6 O2 level from 8,1-0 mmol L-1, and CO2 level from 0-40 mmol L-1. The measured value ranges in silage varied depending on the duration of silage, and accurate measurements were obtained in the desired direction. Sensor placements were updated considering measurement accuracy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 119O161

Teşekkür

This study was supported by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the Grant Number 119O161 The authors thank to TUBITAK for their supports

Kaynakça

  1. Craig PH., Roth G. Penn State University bunker silo density study summary report 2004-2005”. Pennsylvania State University, 2005.
  2. D'Amours L., Savoie P. Density profile of corn silage in bunker silo. Can. Biosyst. Eng., 2005; 47, 21-28.
  3. Hoffmann T., Geyer S. Determination of silage density in bunker silos using a radiometric method. Agronomy Research 2014;12(1): 65-72.
  4. Holmes BJ., Muck RE. Managing and designing bunker and trench silo (AED-43). MidWest Plan Service. Ames, IA 2004.
  5. Jones CM., Heinrichs AJ., Roth GW., Ishler VA. From harvest to feed: understanding silage management. PennState College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Research and Cooperative Extention 2004; 6-18.
  6. Latsch R., Sauter J. Comparison of methods for determining the density of grass silage. Agricultural and Food Science 2013; 22: 189-193.
  7. Li M., Jungbluth KH., Sun Y., Cheng Q., Maack C., Buescher W., Lin J., Zhou H., Wang Z. Developing a Penetrometer -based mapping system for visualizing silage bulk density from the bunker silo face. Sensors 2016;16, 1038; doi: 10.3390 / s16071038
  8. Li M., Shan G., Zhou H., Buescher W., Maack C., Jungbluth KH., Lipski A., Grantz DA., Fan Y., Ma D., Wang Z., Cheng Q., Sun Y. CO2 production, dissolution and pressure dynamics during silage production: multi-sensor-based insight into parameter interactions. Scientific Reports 2017;| 7: 14721.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tarım Makineleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

15 Ocak 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

17 Ocak 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Mayıs 2024

Kabul Tarihi

7 Eylül 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Tan, F., Dalmış, F., Okur, E., & Dalmış, İ. (2025). Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 248-265. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1483856
AMA
1.Tan F, Dalmış F, Okur E, Dalmış İ. Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2025;8(1):248-265. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1483856
Chicago
Tan, Fulya, Figan Dalmış, Ersen Okur, ve İbrahim Dalmış. 2025. “Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 (1): 248-65. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1483856.
EndNote
Tan F, Dalmış F, Okur E, Dalmış İ (01 Ocak 2025) Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 1 248–265.
IEEE
[1]F. Tan, F. Dalmış, E. Okur, ve İ. Dalmış, “Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy 1, ss. 248–265, Oca. 2025, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1483856.
ISNAD
Tan, Fulya - Dalmış, Figan - Okur, Ersen - Dalmış, İbrahim. “Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/1 (01 Ocak 2025): 248-265. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1483856.
JAMA
1.Tan F, Dalmış F, Okur E, Dalmış İ. Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2025;8:248–265.
MLA
Tan, Fulya, vd. “Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy 1, Ocak 2025, ss. 248-65, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1483856.
Vancouver
1.Fulya Tan, Figan Dalmış, Ersen Okur, İbrahim Dalmış. Module-A Sensor Performance Tests Used In Laboratory-Type Silage Production, Data Acquisition and Control System. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 01 Ocak 2025;8(1):248-65. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1483856

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