Araştırma Makalesi

Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study

Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 17 Ocak 2025
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Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study

Abstract

The durability and performance of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening reinforced concrete structures under various environmental conditions are critical for their long-term efficacy. This study investigates the effects of water immersion and freeze-thaw cycles on the pull-off strength of epoxy-bonded FRP concrete slabs, simulating conditions typical for waterfront structures such as piles, beams, and decks. Concrete slabs, fabricated to EN 1766 standards, were reinforced with Basalt (BFRP), Glass (GFRP), and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) sheets using Duratek® AV21 epoxy resin. The samples were conditioned in a controlled laboratory environment (23±2°C, 50±5% RH) for 24 hours before being subjected to water immersion and freeze-thaw cycling tests. Pull-off tests, conducted per EN 1542, revealed cohesive failures in the concrete substrate. The average pull-off strength for the control samples was 3.26 N/mm² for concrete and 3.97 N/mm² for epoxy resin. Water immersion results showed a slight decrease in pull-off strength for CFRP and GFRP, by 9% and 2% respectively, while BFRP exhibited a 14% increase. Freeze-thaw cycling led to increased pull-off strength across all FRP types: 7% for GFRP, 7.3% for BFRP, and 3.75% for CFRP. The findings indicate that water immersion and freeze-thaw conditions have a marginal impact on the pull-off strength of FRP-reinforced concrete. Despite the environmental exposure, all test results remained above the required pull-off strength of 2.5 MPa, demonstrating the robustness of the FRP-concrete bond. The study supports the use of FRP composites for structural reinforcement in harsh environments, highlighting their resilience under adverse conditions. Further research is recommended to explore long-term performance and additional environmental factors to ensure comprehensive durability assessments of FRP-reinforced systems.

Keywords

Etik Beyan

Metehan CALIS reports equipment, drugs, or supplies (only epoxy resins) was provided by DURATEK. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Teşekkür

The author is sincerely grateful to the Turkish Standards Institution for allowing the use of the laboratory infrastructure and Eng. A. Fazıl KARA and Mr. Osman AYDOĞDU for their collaboration in conducting the laboratory tests at the Turkish Standards Institution (TSE).

Kaynakça

  1. Allen, DG., Rebecca AA. Evaluating the long-term durability of externally bonded FRP via field assessments. Journal of Composites for Construction 2012; 16(6): 737–746.
  2. ASTM D7522, Standard test method for pull-off strength for FRP laminate systems bonded to concrete or masonry substrates. ASTM International, 2021.
  3. Ayoub, H., Sweis, G., Abu-Khader, W., & Sweis, R. A framework to evaluate sustainable construction principles in government building projects: the case of Jordan. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 2022; 30(9), 4080–4098.
  4. Benzarti, K., Sylvain C., Marc Q., Céline M., Christophe A. Accelerated ageing behaviour of the adhesive bond between concrete specimens and CFRP overlays. Construction and Building Materials 2011; 25(2): 523–38.
  5. Bisby, L., Green, M. Resistance to freezing and thawing of fiber-reinforced polymer-concrete bond. ACI Structural Journal 2002; 99(2):215-223.
  6. Dai, JG., Hiroshi Y., Mitsuyasu I., Ema K. Experimental investigation of the influence of moisture on the bond behavior of FRP to concrete interfaces 2010; 14(6): 834-844.
  7. EN 1504-4, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures- Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity- Part 4: Structural bonding, 2005.
  8. EN 1542, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures- Test methods- Measurement of bond strength by pull-off, 1999.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Yapı Malzemeleri

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Erken Görünüm Tarihi

15 Ocak 2025

Yayımlanma Tarihi

17 Ocak 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

1 Haziran 2024

Kabul Tarihi

12 Ağustos 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Çalış, M. (2025). Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 82-99. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1493959
AMA
1.Çalış M. Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2025;8(1):82-99. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1493959
Chicago
Çalış, Metehan. 2025. “Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 (1): 82-99. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1493959.
EndNote
Çalış M (01 Ocak 2025) Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 1 82–99.
IEEE
[1]M. Çalış, “Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy 1, ss. 82–99, Oca. 2025, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1493959.
ISNAD
Çalış, Metehan. “Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/1 (01 Ocak 2025): 82-99. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1493959.
JAMA
1.Çalış M. Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2025;8:82–99.
MLA
Çalış, Metehan. “Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy 1, Ocak 2025, ss. 82-99, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1493959.
Vancouver
1.Metehan Çalış. Effect of Water Immersion and Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Pull-off Strength of FRP Epoxy Bonded on Concrete: An experimental study. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 01 Ocak 2025;8(1):82-99. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1493959

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