Kimyasal ve Organik Gübrelerin Toprak Sağlığına Etkileri

Öz

Sürdürülebilir tarımsal üretim, topraktan alınan veya kaybedilen besinlerin yenilenmesini gerektirir. Bu nedenle, mahsul verimliliğini sürdürülebilir kılmak amacıyla düzenli olarak besin girdileri sağlanmalıdır. Kimyasal gübreler ve hayvansal atıklar, bu gereksinimin karşılanmasında en sık kullanılan girdiler arasındadır. Bu girdilerin mahsul performansı, besin kullanım verimliliği ve çevresel etkileri açısından değerlendirilmesine yönelik önemli araştırmalar yapılmış olsa da, özellikle bu uygulamaların toprak sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri daha az incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kimyasal ve organik gübre bâzlı girdilerin toprak sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin mevcut literâtürü özetlemek ve toprak sağlığını, sürdürülebilirliği ve karbon depolama kapasitesini iyileştirmeye yönelik araştırma boşluklarını belirlemektir. Araştırma sonuçları, kimyasal gübre uygulamalarının, bitki tarafından alınabilecek miktarları aşmadığı sürece toprak organik maddesini ve toprak sağlığını olumlu yönde etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir. Organik kökenli gübreler ise toprak organik karbonu ve çeşitli toprak sağlığı parametrelerine katkı sağlasa da, bu girdiler besin içeriğine göre uygulandığından, karbon bazında değerlendirilmeleri zordur ve bu durum toprak sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini farklılaştırmaktadır. Genel olarak, besin maddesi içeren gübrelerin toprak sağlığını desteklediği görülmekte; ancak, bu girdilerin toprak sağlığına etkilerini daha ayrıntılı ve karşılaştırmalı olarak inceleyen çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Toprak sağlığı
• Kimyasal Gübre
• Organik gübre
• Toprak organik karbonu

Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Soil Health

Öz

Sustainable agricultural production requires the replenishment of nutrients removed or depleted from soil. Thus, regular nutrient inputs are essential to maintain crop productivity in a sustainable manner. Chemical fertilizers and animal manure are among the most commonly used inputs for this purpose. While significant research has evaluated the effectiveness of these inputs in terms of crop performance, nutrient use efficiency, and environmental impact, the effects of these inputs on soil health remain less understood. This review aims to summarize existing literature on the impacts of chemical and organic fertilizer-based inputs on soil health and to identify research gaps regarding efforts to enhance soil health, sustainability, and carbon storage capacity. Research findings indicate that chemical fertilizer inputs can positively influence soil organic matter and soil health when applied within the limits of plant nutrient uptake. Although organic-based fertilizers contribute to soil organic carbon and various soil health parameters, they are applied based on nutrient content rather than carbon, leading to varied effects on soil health. Overall, nutrient-containing inputs are shown to benefit soil health; however, more detailed and comparative studies are needed to better understand their specific impacts on soil health.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Soil health
• Chemical fertilizer
• Organic fertilizer
• Soil organic carbon

Kaynakça

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