Toprak Organik Maddesi, Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Tuzluluk Açısından Toprak İşlemenin Rolü

Öz

Uygun olmayan toprak işleme uygulamaları, organik madde kaybı, erozyon, toprak yapısının bozulması ve su tutma kapasitesinin azalması gibi süreçleri tetikleyerek toprak degradasyonunun başlıca nedenlerinden biri haline gelmektedir. Toprak bozulma süreçleri; sıkışma ve sert tabaka oluşumu, erozyon, asitleşme, organik madde içeriğinin azalması, toprak verimliliğinin düşmesi, toprak kirliliği ve biyolojik bozulma gibi fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik unsurları kapsamaktadır. Organik madde, toprak fonksiyonlarının korunması ve toprak bozulmasının önlenmesi açısından kilit bir rol oynamaktadır. Sürdürülebilir toprak yönetimi, çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal açılardan toprakların sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamayı hedefler. Bu yaklaşım hem mevcut nesillerin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamayı hem de gelecek kuşaklara sağlıklı ve verimli toprak kaynakları bırakmayı amaçlar. Bu çalışmada; toprak organik madde içeriği, toprak biyolojik çeşitliliği ve tuzluluğunun toprak işleme ile ilişkisi ve etkileri anlatılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir tarım
• Sürdürülebilir toprak işleme
• Solucan
• Tuzluluk

The Role of Tillage in Soil Organic Matter, Biodiversity and Salinity

Öz

Inappropriate soil tillage practices have become one of the main causes of soil degradation by triggering processes such as loss of organic matter, erosion, deterioration of soil structure and reduction of water holding capacity. Soil degradation processes include physical, chemical and biological factors such as compaction and hard layer formation, erosion, acidification, decrease in organic matter content, decrease in soil fertility, soil pollution and biological degradation. Organic matter plays a key role in maintaining soil functions and preventing soil degradation. Sustainable soil management aims to ensure the sustainability of soils in environmental, economic and social terms. This approach aims both to meet the needs of current generations and to leave healthy and productive soil resources for future generations. In this study; the relationship and effects of soil organic matter content, soil biodiversity and salinity with tillage are explained.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sustainable Agriculture
• Sustainable Soil Tillage
• Earthworm
• Salinity

Kaynakça

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