Endüstriyel Borlama Uygulamaları için AISI D2 Soğuk İş Takım Çeliğinin Optimum Yüzey Pürüzlülüğünün Belirlenmesi

Öz

Borlama işlemi sırasında, malzemenin yüzeyinde çok ince ve son derece sert bir seramik tabaka oluşur. Bu işlem, aşınma ve korozyona karşı yüksek direnç gerektiren bileşenlerde yaygın olarak uygulanmaktadır. Borlanmış parçalar üstün özellikler kazansa da işlem sırasında kullanılan yüksek sıcaklıklar, parçanın son boyutlarını ve yüzey pürüzlülüğünü değiştirebildiğinden önemli bir zorluk oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum, yüksek boyutsal hassasiyet ve yüzey kalitesi gerektiren ancak işlevleri nedeniyle hızla aşınan zımbalar gibi hassas kesici takımlar için özellikle kritiktir. Bu çalışmada, hassas kalıp parçalarında yaygın olarak kullanılan AISI D2 (1.2379, X153CrMoV12) soğuk iş takım çeliğinin borlama sonrası yüzey pürüzlülüğündeki değişim incelenmiştir. Farklı başlangıç yüzey pürüzlülüğüne sahip numuneler, 900 °C ve 950 °C sıcaklıklarda, 6 ve 8 saat süreyle Ekabor® II katı ortamında borlanmıştır. İşlem öncesi nihai boyutlandırma ve yüzey durumları, tel erozyon ve hassas tornalama işlemleriyle hazırlanmıştır. Sonuçlar, başlangıç Ra değeri < 1 µm olan numunelerde yüzey pürüzlülüğünde %143’e kadar artış olduğunu, Ra > 2 µm olan bazı numunelerde ise %26’ya varan azalma sergilediğini göstermiştir. Artan sıcaklık ve süre, bu etkileri daha da yoğunlaştırmıştır. Bulgular, başlangıç yüzey pürüzlülüğünün borlama sonrası yüzey morfolojisi üzerinde kritik bir rol oynadığını ve hassas uygulamalarda dikkatle kontrol edilmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Borlama
• Takım çeliği
• Yüzey pürüzlülüğü
• Boyut toleransı

Determination of The Optimum Surface Roughness of AISI D2 Cold Work Tool Steel for Industrial Boronizing Applications

Öz

During the boronizing process, a very thin and extremely hard ceramic layer forms on the surface of the material. This procedure is commonly applied to components requiring high resistance to wear and corrosion. Although boronized parts acquire superior properties, a key challenge is the elevated temperatures used during the process, which can alter the final dimensions and surface roughness of the part. This issue is particularly critical for precision cutting tools such as punches, which require high dimensional accuracy and surface quality but often suffer from rapid wear due to their function. In this study, the surface roughness evolution of AISI D2 (1.2379, X153CrMoV12) cold work tool steel—widely used in precision mold parts—was investigated after boronizing. Specimens with different initial surface roughness values were boronized in a solid Ekabor® II medium at 900 °C and 950 °C for 6 and 8 hours. Final dimensions and surface conditions were prepared via wire erosion and fine turning before treatment. The results showed that samples with Ra < 1 µm experienced up to 143% increase in surface roughness, while some Ra > 2 µm samples exhibited reductions of up to 26%. Increased temperature and duration intensified these effects. The findings emphasize that the initial surface roughness plays a critical role in the post-boronizing surface morphology and must be carefully controlled in precision applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Boronizing
• Tool steel
• Syrface roughness
• Dimension tolerance

Kaynakça

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