Elektrikli Araçlar için Şarj Doğrultucu Devrelerinin Harmonik Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 5, 2188 - 2200, 15.12.2025

Seda Kul

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1645261

Öz

Elektrikli araçlar, sıfır karbon emisyonu hedeflerine ulaşmada kritik bir rol oynayan şarj edilebilir batarya sistemleriyle çalışmaktadır. Bu araçların enerji kaynağı olan alternatif akımı doğru akıma dönüştürmeyi sağlayan EV şarj cihazları, farklı şarj modlarına (Mod 1, Mod 2 ve hızlı DC şarj) göre çeşitli doğrultucu devreleri içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, tek fazlı, üç fazlı ve DC şarj modlarında kullanılan doğrultucu devrelerin elektrik sistemine olan harmonik etkileri incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, üç fazlı altı darbeli doğrultucu devrelerin, şebekeden çekilen akımın toplam harmonik bozulma (THD) değerini yaklaşık %20'nin altında tutarak, tek fazlı doğrultuculara kıyasla daha düşük harmonik içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu durum, üç fazlı sistemlerde 3. harmonik ve katlarının yok edilmesi ve DC ara bağlantı geriliminde daha düşük dalgalanmalar sağlanması sayesinde mümkün olmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, üç fazlı doğrultucu devrelerin filtre kondansatörü olmaksızın bile daha temiz ve verimli bir güç kaynağı sağladığını göstermektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Elektrikli araç şarjı , Doğrultucu devre , Harmonic , Şarj modu , Şarj altyapısı

Harmonic Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Charging Rectifier Circuits

Öz

Electric vehicles operate with rechargeable battery systems, which are critical in achieving zero carbon emission targets. EV chargers, which enable the conversion of alternating current, which is the energy source of these vehicles, into direct current, include various rectifier circuits according to different charging modes (Mode 1, Mode 2, and fast DC charging). This study investigated the harmonic effects of rectifier circuits on the electrical system in single-phase, three-phase, and DC charging modes. As a result, it was determined that three-phase six-pulse rectifier circuits have lower harmonic content compared to single-phase rectifiers by keeping the total harmonic distortion (THD) value of the current drawn from the grid below approximately 20%. This is possible thanks to the elimination of 3rd and multiples of 3 harmonic components in three-phase systems and the achievement of lower fluctuations in the DC link voltage. These findings show that three-phase rectifier circuits provide a cleaner and more efficient power source, even without a filter capacitor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electric vehicle charging , Rectifier circuit , Harmonic , Charging mode , charging infrastructure

Kaynakça

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