ATH, APP, Çinko Borat ve Antimon Oksitin Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Polyester Kompozitlerin Mekanik ve Alev Geciktirici Özellikleri Üzerindeki Sinerjik Etkileri

Öz

Kompozit malzemeler, olağanüstü mekanik özellikleri ve çok yönlülükleri nedeniyle çeşitli endüstrilerde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, doğal yanıcılıkları özellikle sıkı yangın güvenliği standartları gerektiren uygulamalarda önemli bir zorluk teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışma, alüminyum trihidroksit (ATH) ile amonyum polifosfat (APP), çinko borat ve antimon oksitin sinerjik etkilerini cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozitlerin mekanik ve alev geciktirici özellikleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktadır. Kompozitler, tekli ve ikili dolgu formülasyonları kullanılarak elle yatırma yöntemiyle üretilmiştir. Viskozite, çekme mukavemeti, eğilme mukavemeti ve alev geciktiricilik değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, ATH'nin özellikle APP ve antimon oksit ile birleştirilmesinin, mekanik performanstan tamamen ödün vermeden alev geciktiriciliği önemli ölçüde artırdığını ortaya koymuştur. Özellikle, %40 ağırlık oranında APP veya antimon oksit içeren kompozitler, ASTM D635 testinde kendiliğinden sönme davranışı sergilemiş, ikili dolgu kombinasyonları ise alev geciktirici performansı artıran sinerjik etkiler göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, mekanik bütünlük ve alev direnci arasında bir denge gerektiren uygulamalar için dolgu formülasyonlarının optimize edilmesine yönelik değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cam elyaf takviyeli kompozitler
• Alev geciktirici dolgu malzemeleri
• Alüminyum trihidroksit (ATH)
• Amonyum polifosfat (APP)
• Çinko borat
• Antimon oksit

Synergistic Effects of ATH, APP, Zinc Borate, and Antimony Oxide on the Mechanical and Flame-Retardant Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites

Abstract

Composite materials are widely utilized across various industries due to their exceptional mechanical properties and versatility. However, their inherent flammability poses a critical challenge, especially in applications requiring stringent fire safety standards. This study investigates the synergistic effects of aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), zinc borate, and antimony oxide on the mechanical and flame-retardant properties of glass fiber-reinforced polyester composites. Composites were fabricated using a hand lay-up process with single and dual filler formulations. Viscosity, tensile strength, flexural strength, and flame retardancy were assessed. Results revealed that combining ATH with secondary fillers, particularly APP and antimony oxide, significantly improved flame retardancy without entirely compromising mechanical performance. Notably, composites with 40 wt% APP or antimony oxide exhibited self-extinguishing behavior in ASTM D635 testing, while dual filler combinations showed synergistic effects that enhanced flame retardant performance. This work provides valuable insights into optimizing filler formulations for applications requiring a balance between mechanical integrity and flame resistance.

Keywords

• Glass fiber-reinforced composites
• Flame-retardant fillers
• Aluminum trihydroxide (ATH)
• Ammonium polyphosphate (APP)
• Zinc borate
• Antimony oxide

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