Heracleum platytaenium Boiss. Uçucu Yağının Elma Kara Leke ve Monilya Hastalığına Neden Olan Funguslara Karşı Antifungal Aktivitesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'ye özgü endemik bir tür olan Heracleum platytaenium Boiss.'in uçucu yağının Monilinia spp. ve Venturia inaequalis gibi fitopatojenik funguslar üzerindeki antifungal aktivitesini incelemektedir. Uçucu yağ, bitkinin tam çiçeklenme döneminde toplanan meyvelerinden hidrodistilasyon yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Çalışmada, Monilinia spp. ve V. inaequalis izolatları üzerinde farklı konsantrasyonlarda (5 µL, 10 µL, 20 µL) uçucu yağın antifungal etkisi in vitro olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Antifungal etkinlik, miselyal büyüme inhibisyonu yüzdesi ve istatistiksel analizlerle belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, uçucu yağın her iki patojen üzerinde doza bağlı olarak değişen inhibisyon etkisi gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Monilinia spp. için en yüksek inhibisyon oranı %48,8, V. inaequalis için ise %46,6 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Ekstraksiyon yılına bağlı olarak antifungal etkinlikte farklılıklar gözlemlenmiş, 2021 yılına ait uçucu yağ örneklerinin 2022 yılına göre daha yüksek inhibisyon oranına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, H. platytaenium uçucu yağının önemli bir biyopestisit potansiyeline sahip olduğunu ve fitopatojenlere karşı doğal bir mücadele yöntemi olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, bitkisel bazlı antifungal ajanların sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarındaki önemini vurgulamakta ve kimyasal fungisitlere alternatif olabilecek yeni yaklaşımlara ışık tutmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Heracleum platytaenium
• uçucu yağ
• Monilinia spp.
• Venturia inaequalis
• antifungal aktivite

Antifungal Activity of Heracleum platytaenium Essential Oil Against Fungi Causing Apple Scab and Monilia Disease

Abstract

This study investigates the antifungal activity of the essential oil of Heracleum platytaenium Boiss., an endemic species in Türkiye, against the phytopathogenic fungi Monilinia spp. and Venturia inaequalis. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation from the fruits collected at the full flowering stage. The antifungal effects of different concentrations (5 µL, 10 µL, 20 µL) of the essential oil were evaluated in vitro on Monilinia spp. and V. inaequalis isolates. Antifungal activity was determined based on the percentage inhibition of mycelial growth and statistical analyses. The results showed that the essential oil exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on both pathogens. The highest inhibition rates were recorded as 48.8% for Monilinia spp. and 46.6% for V. inaequalis. Differences in antifungal activity were observed depending on the extraction year, with the 2021 essential oil samples showing higher inhibition rates compared to those from 2022. The findings suggest that H. platytaenium essential oil has significant potential as a biopesticide and may serve as a natural control agent against phytopathogens. These results highlight the importance of plant-based antifungal agents in sustainable agricultural practices and offer new insights into alternatives to chemical fungicides.

Keywords

• Heracleum platytaenium
• essential oil
• Monilinia spp.
• Venturia inaequalis
• antifungal activity

Kaynakça

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