Bitkilerde Bor Toksisitesi ve Bor Toleransı

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 523 - 543, 14.01.2026

Şansel Bildiren , Sezen Toksoy Köseoğlu , Ali Doğru

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1652386

Öz

Bor periyodik tablonun 3A grubunda bulunan ve metaloid olarak kabul edilen bir elementtir. Bor doğada oksijenle birleşmiş olarak boratlar ve daha seyrek olarak boric asit veya florinle bileşik oluşturmuş halde bulunur. Bor bitkilerde normal büyüme ve gelişme için gereksinim duyulan bir mikroelementtir. Borun bitkilerde karbohidrat metabolizması, hücre çeperi sentezi, plazma membranının bütünlüğünün ve fonksiyonunun sürekliliği, nükleik asit, azot, fenolik madde ve oksin metabolizması, polen tüpü oluşumu, askorbat-glutatyon döngüsü ve fotosentez gibi konularda önemli fonksiyonları vardır. Ancak toprakta aşırı miktarda borun bulunması hücresel metabolizmada bozukluklara neden olabilir. Bor toksisitesinin bitkilerdeki primer fenotipik etkisi kök büyümesinin inhibisyonu ve kök kuru ağırlığının azalmasıdır. Ayrıca bor toksisitesi tarımsal öneme sahip olan bitkilerde oksidatif strese neden olur ve fotosentetik aktiviteyi azaltabilir. Bitkilerdeki bor tolerans mekanizması oldukça karmaşıktır ve henüz tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Borun toprakdan suyla süzülerek uzaklaştırılması ve boru inaktif veya hareketsiz hale getirmek için yapılan uygulamalar uzun süre bor toksisitesini engellemek amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Ancak bu konudaki en gerçekçi yaklaşım tarımsal üretimi artırmak amacıyla bora toleranslı bitki genotiplerinin seleksiyonudur. Bu çalışmada bor elementinin bitkilerdeki fizyolojik fonksiyonları, bor toksisitesi semptomları ve tolerans mekanizmaları tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bor , Hücre çeperi , Plazma zarı , Bor toleransı , Bor toksisitesi

Boron Toxicity and Boron Tolerance in Plants

Öz

Boron is an element that is considered as a metalloid and belongs to third A group in the periodic table. It occurs in nature in combination with oxygen as borates and less frequently boric acid or associated with fluorine. Boron is a micronutrient for plants necessary for normal growth and development. It has very important functions including carbohydrate metabolism, cell wall synthesis, the maintanence of plasma membrane integrity and functions, nucleic acid, nitrogen, phenolic and auxine metabolism, polen tube formation, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and photosynthesis. However, cellular metabolism could be impaired as a result of excess boron in soil. The primary phenotypic effect of boron toxicity is the inhibition of root growth and decreased dry weight of roots. In addition, boron toxicity could cause oxidative stress and lower photosynthetic activity in crop plants. The mechanism of boron tolerance in plants is very complex and has not been yet understood in details. Soil amendment such as leaching boron with water and application of some organic compounds to inactivate or immobilize boron in soils has been used to solve boron toxicity in plants for many years. However, it appears that the most realistic way to improve crop yield is the selection of boron tolerant genotypes. In this review, the physiological functions of boron in plants, toxicity symptoms and tolerance mechanisms has been discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Boron , Cell wall , Plasma membrane , Boron tolerance , Boron toxicity

Kaynakça

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