İnsan Faktörünün İş Kazaları Üzerindeki Etkilerinin ve Kaza Önleyici Sistemlerin İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir İnceleme

Öz

İş sağlığı ve güvenliği (İSG) çalışanların sağlığının ve güvenliğinin korunmasını, üretim güvenliğinin sağlanmasını, güvenli ve sağlıklı bir çalışma ortamının sürdürülmesini amaç edinen multidisipliner bir alandır. Çalışma ortamında, çalışanları ve işyerlerini doğrudan etkileyecek İSG tehlikeleriyle karşı karşıya kalınmaktadır. İSG tehlikelerinin önlenmesine yönelik tedbirler uygulamaya koyulamaz ise iş kazaları kaçınılmaz olmaktadır. İş kazalarına yol açan makine, ortam, insan ve yönetim gibi nedenler olmakla birlikte işyerlerinde gerçekleşen iş kazalarının önemli bir kısmı insan kaynaklı olarak gerçekleşmektedir. İnsan kaynaklı iş kazalarına yönelik proaktif yaklaşımla önleyici faktörlerin geliştirilmesi iş kazalarının azaltılması noktasında önemli bir katkı sunacaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada iş kazaları ile insan faktörü arasındaki ilişkinin ve insan faktörü etkenli iş kazalarının önlenmesine yönelik sistemlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Amaca yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilen sistematik taramada, Web of Science, Scopus ve Science Direct veri tabanlarında 2010-2024 yılları arasındaki literatür taranmıştır. Belirlenen anahtar kelimelere ve dahil etme kurallarına göre ulaşılan literatür, PRISMA modeli ile analiz edilmiş ve nihai olarak 61 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmalar, insan faktörü ve iş kazası ilişkisini ele alış biçimlerine göre incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların genelinde, iş kazası ve insan faktörü ilişkisinin doğrulandığı ve insan faktörlü iş kazalarını önlemeye yönelik risk analizinin gerçekleştirildiği görülmüştür. İş kazası tahmin yöntemlerinin ve işyerlerinde sürekli izleme sistemlerinin geliştirildiği çalışmalara daha az rastlanmakla birlikte konuya verilecek önem ile iş kazalarının önlenmesi yönünde kritik bir adım atılacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İş Kazası
• İnsan Faktörü
• İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği

Investigation of the Effects of Human Factors on Occupational Accidents and Accident Prevention Systems

Öz

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a multidisciplinary field that aims to protect the health and safety of employees, ensure production safety and maintain a safe and healthy working environment. OHS hazards that will directly affect workers and workplaces are encountered in the working environment. If measures to prevent OHS hazards cannot be implemented, occupational accidents are inevitable. Although there are reasons such as machinery, environment, human and management that cause occupational accidents, a significant portion of workplace occupational accidents are human-induced. Developing preventive factors with a proactive approach toward human-induced occupational accidents will significantly contribute to reducing occupational accidents. In this context, the study aims to examine the relationship between occupational accidents and human factors and systems for preventing occupational accidents caused by human factors. This systematic review searched the literature between 2010 and 2024 in Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct databases. The literature accessed according to the determined keywords and inclusion rules was analyzed with the PRISMA model, and finally, 61 studies were found. The studies were analyzed according to how they addressed the relationship between human factors and occupational accidents. In most of the studies, it was observed that the relationship between occupational accidents and human factors was confirmed and risk analysis was carried out to prevent human factor occupational accidents. Although there are fewer studies in which occupational accident prediction methods and continuous monitoring systems in workplaces are developed, it is thought that a critical step will be taken towards preventing occupational accidents with the importance to be given to the subject.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Occupational Accident
• Human Factor
• Occupatinal Health and Safety

Kaynakça

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