Halopteris scoparia'dan Sentezlenen Gümüş Nanopartiküllerin Lipozomal Enkapsülasyonu: Antibakteriyel Aktivite Geliştirme için Sürdürülebilir Yaklaşım

Öz

Gümüş nanopartiküller (AgNPs) üretmek için kullanılan geleneksel fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemler genellikle karmaşık, maliyetli ve çevreye zarar veren süreçler içerir. Bu yöntemler yerine yeşil sentez olarak bilinen daha sürdürülebilir bir yaklaşım geliştirilmişlerdir. Bu çalışma, Halopteris scoparia özütlerinden yeşil sentez yöntemiyle elde edilen AgNP'lerin lipozomal enkapsülasyon yoluyla antibakteriyel özelliklerini geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kullanılan AgNP’ler farklı sıcaklık ve pH aralıklarında sentezlenerek optimizasyon çalışması yapılmıştır. Optimal koşullar altında üretilen hem serbest AgNP'lerin hem de lipozomal AgNP'lerin (L-AgNPs) antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri çeşitli bakteri suşlarına karşı değerlendirilmiştir. H. scoparia özütlerinden elde edilen en küçük AgNP'ler 61,21 ± 1,537 nm olarak ölçülürken, L-AgNP'ler 84,32 ± 2,181 nm olarak kaydedilmiş ve sentez 9 pH ve 90°C sıcaklıkta gerçekleşmiştir. Nanolipozomlar, nanometrik partikül boyutu ve dar polidispersite ile birlikte %87'yi aşan bir kapsülleme etkinliği göstermiştir. Serbest AgNPs ve L-AgNPs için minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MIC) değerleri E. coli'ye karşı sırasıyla 48,5 μg/μL ve 24,5 μg/μL olarak bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, S. aureus'a karşı MIC değerleri AgNPs için 48,5 μg/μL ve L-AgNPs için 24,5 μg/mL'dir. Tüm deneysel sonuçlar, yenilikçi lipozomal sistemin AgNP'lerin antibakteriyel etkinliğini önemli ölçüde artırdığını kesin olarak göstermektedir. Bu ön bulgular, lipozomların kozmetik ve farmasötik uygulamalarda AgNP'ler için etkili taşıyıcılar olarak hizmet edebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Makroalg
• Lipozom
• Antibakteriyel
• Yeşil sentez
• Gümüş nanopartikül

Liposomal Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Halopteris scoparia: A Sustainable Approach to Enhanced Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

The conventional physical and chemical methods for producing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) often involve complex, costly, and environmentally detrimental processes. To address these challenges, researchers have explored a more sustainable approach known as green synthesis. This study aims to create AgNPs through the green synthesis method using extracts from Halopteris scoparia, with the goal of enhancing their antibacterial properties through liposomal encapsulation. In this context, we investigated the effects of temperature and pH on the synthesis of nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activities of both free AgNPs and liposomal AgNPs (L-AgNPs), produced under optimal conditions, were assessed against various bacterial strains. The smallest AgNPs derived from H. scoparia extracts measured 61.21 ± 1.537 nm, while the L-AgNPs were recorded at 84.32 ± 2.181 nm, with synthesis occurring at a pH of 9 and a temperature of 90 °C. The nanoliposomes demonstrated an encapsulation efficiency exceeding 87%, along with a nanometric particle size and narrow polydispersity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for free AgNPs and L-AgNPs were found to be 48.5 μg/μL and 24.5 μg/μL against E. coli, respectively. Similarly, the MIC values against S. aureus were 48.5 μg/μL for AgNPs and 24.5 μg/mL for L-AgNPs. All experimental results conclusively illustrate that the innovative liposomal system has significantly enhanced the antibacterial efficacy of AgNPs. These preliminary findings suggest that liposomes could serve as effective carriers for AgNPs in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

Keywords

• Macroalgae
• Liposome
• Antibacterial
• Green synthesis
• Silver nanoparticle

Kaynakça

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