Atıktan Bilgiye: Tarımda Döngüsel Ekonomi İlkelerinin Dijital ve Yapay Zekâ Teknolojileriyle Bütünleşmesi

Öz

İklim değişikliği, doğal kaynakların azalması ve gıda güvencesizliği, tarım sektöründe çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal açıdan giderek artan baskılar yaratmaktadır. Bu durum, üretim sistemlerinde köklü değişimlere ihtiyaç duyulduğunu göstermektedir. Bu derleme çalışması, döngüsel ekonomi (DE) ilkeleri, dijital dönüşüm (DD) ve yapay zekâ (YZ) teknolojilerinin birlikte nasıl kullanılarak sürdürülebilir tarımsal kalkınmanın desteklenebileceğini incelemektedir. PRISMA metodolojisi çerçevesinde yürütülen sistematik literatür taramasında, Web of Science ve Scopus veri tabanlarında 2016–2025 yılları arasında yayımlanmış hakemli makaleler değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmaya, sürdürülebilirliğin en az bir boyutuna değinen ve tarımda DE, DD veya YZ uygulamalarını ele alan araştırmalar dâhil edilmiştir. Bulgular üç ana tema etrafında toplanmaktadır. İlk olarak, kompost üretimi, biyogaz sistemleri, suyun yeniden kullanımı ve tarımsal atıkların ekonomik değere dönüştürülmesi gibi DE uygulamaları hem çevresel etkileri azaltmakta hem de yeni gelir kaynakları yaratmaktadır. İkinci olarak, nesnelerin interneti (IoT) sensörleri, blokzincir ve veri analitiği gibi DD araçları, kaynak verimliliğini artırmakta, tedarik zincirinde şeffaflık sağlamakta ve karar süreçlerini iyileştirmektedir. Üçüncü olarak, ürün izleme, verim tahmini ve hastalık tespitinde kullanılan YZ çözümleri, daha az girdi ve düşük emisyonla önemli verim artışları sağlamaktadır. Ancak yüksek yatırım maliyetleri, düşük dijital okuryazarlık, mevzuattaki boşluklar ve özellikle küçük üreticilerde altyapı eksiklikleri, bu teknolojilerin yaygınlaşmasını engellemektedir. Çalışma, DE ve DD yatırımlarının uyumlu biçimde yönlendirilmesi, kırsalda internet erişiminin genişletilmesi, hedefe yönelik eğitimlerin artırılması ve sürdürülebilir uygulamaları teşvik eden entegre politika çerçevelerine ihtiyaç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, teknolojik araçlarla çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal faydalar arasındaki ilişkiyi gösteren kavramsal bir çerçeve sunulmaktadır. Bu engellerin çok paydaşlı ve koordineli stratejilerle aşılması, tarımda dayanıklı, düşük etkili ve kapsayıcı üretim sistemlerine geçişi hızlandırabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dijital tarım
• hassas tarım
• iklim dostu tarım
• sürdürülebilir tarım
• yapay zekâ
• yeşil dönüşüm

Proje Numarası

N/A

From Waste to Wisdom: Linking Circular Economy Principles with Digital and AI Technologies in Agriculture

Öz

Agriculture is under increasing environmental, economic, and social pressure due to climate change, resource depletion and food insecurity, requiring new approaches to production systems. This review explores how circular economy (CE) principles, digital transformation (DT), and artificial intelligence (AI)can be used together to achieve sustainable agricultural development. Using a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA method, peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2025 were analysed from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria targeted papers that addressed at least one sustainability dimension and focused on CE, DT, or AI applications in agriculture. The results show three interlinked themes. First, CE practices such as composting, biogas production, water reuse, and valorisation of agricultural waste reduce environmental impacts while creating new economic value streams. Second, DT tools, including Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, blockchain, and data analytics, enhance resource efficiency, supply chain transparency, and decision-making precision. Third, AI applications in crop monitoring, yield forecasting, and disease detection offer substantial productivity gains while minimizing inputs and emissions. However, adoption is hindered by high investment costs, limited digital literacy, regulatory gaps, and uneven infrastructure, particularly among smallholders. The review highlights the need for integrated policy frameworks that align investments in CE and DT, expand rural broadband networks, provide targeted training, and incentivize sustainable practices. A conceptual synthesis is proposed that links technological enablers with environmental, economic, and social outcomes. Addressing these barriers through coordinated multi-stakeholder strategies could accelerate the transition to resilient, environmentally friendly, and inclusive agricultural systems. Keywords: artificial intelligence, climate-friendly agriculture, digital agriculture, green transition, precision agriculture, sustainable farming.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• artificial intelligence
• climate-friendly agriculture
• digital agriculture
• green transition
• precision agriculture
• sustainable farming.

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Proje Numarası

N/A

Etik Beyan

This study adhered to general ethical guidelines applicable to community question-answering research. As it did not involve human or animal subjects, specific ethical committee approval was not required.

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