Functional and Regulatory Genes Associated with Drought In Fruit Species

Öz

Under drought stress conditions, plants generally exhibit various changes at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and gene expression levels. As a result of such changes, economic losses as well as quality and yield losses occur in agricultural production. An understanding of the functions of drought-related genes will enable more accurate plant breeding efforts. Thus, breeding new drought-resistant/tolerant varieties to mitigate losses in agricultural production will be possible. To date, compilations of studies on drought-related genes have been conducted primarily for field crops (cereals, industrial crops, vegetable species, etc.). However, examples of studies conducted on fruit species have been compiled in this study. This review aims to share the knowledge of drought-related functional and regulatory genes and to present a summary of the studies on these genes in fruit species. This review describes the direct and indirect changes that occur in plants experiencing water stress. After providing information on some important genes associated with drought conditions, examples of studies conducted on drought-related functional and regulatory genes for fruit species are presented. In the past, a single-omics approach has been considered. However, integrated-omics approaches have gained prominence in recent years. There are still unexplained questions regarding the number of genes to target and the specific roles of these genes in stress responses. Therefore, studies with a new perspective are needed to accelerate the process of developing new stress-resistant agricultural products.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Fruit species
• Drought stress
• Drought-associated genes

Meyve Türlerinde Kuraklıkla İlişkili Fonksiyonel ve Düzenleyici Genler

Öz

Kuraklık stresi koşulları altında, bitkilerde genel olarak morfolojik, fizyolojik, biyokimyasal ve gen ifade düzeyinde farklı değişiklikler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu tür değişikliklerin bir sonucu olarak, tarımsal üretimde ekonomik kayıpların yanı sıra verim ve kalite kayıpları da ortaya çıkar. Şayet kuraklık ile ilgili genlerin işlevlerinin iyi bilinmesi durumunda bitki ıslahı çalışmaları daha doğru planlanabilecektir. Böylece, tarımsal yetiştiricilik açısından kayıpları önleyici düzeyde kuraklığa dayanıklı/toleranslı yeni çeşitlerin ıslahı mümkün olabilecektir. Bu derlemenin amacı, kuraklık ilişkili fonksiyonel ve düzenleyici genler hakkında bilgiler paylaşarak meyve türlerinde bu genler ile ilgili yapılmış çalışma örneklerinin bir özetini sunmaktır. Bu derlemede su stresi yaşayan bitkilerde meydana gelen doğrudan ve dolaylı değişimlerin neler olduğu açıklanmıştır. Kuraklık koşullarıyla ilişkili olan önemli bazı genler hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra, meyve türleri için kuraklık ilişkili fonksiyonel ve düzenleyici genler ile gerçekleştirilen çalışma örneklerine yer verilmiştir. Geçmiş yıllarda tek bir omik yaklaşımı ele alınmıştır. Ancak, son yıllarda bütünleşmiş omik yaklaşımları ön plana çıkmıştır. Halen, hedeflenecek gen sayısı ve stres tepkilerine yönelik bu genlerin belirli rolleri konusunda açıklanamayan sorular mevcuttur. Bu nedenle, Strese dayanıklı yeni tarımsal ürünlerin elde edilmesi sürecine hız kazandıracak yeni bakış açısında çalışmalara gereksinim duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meyve türleri
• Kuraklık stresi
• Kuraklık ilişkili genler

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