Endonezya'da Yetiştirilen Magnolia Cinsinin İyileştirilmesine Yönelik Biyoteknolojik Yaklaşımlar

Öz

Michelia olarak da bilinen Manolya türleri, geleneksel tıpta kullanılan kokulu çiçeklere sahip odunsu bitkilerdir. Bu derleme, Endonezya’da in vitro koşullarda yetiştirilen Manolya türlerinin geçmişte ve günümüzde yapılan çalışmalar ile gelecekte yapılabilecek potansiyel çalışmaları kapsamaktadır. Endonezya'da tanımlanan ve yayılış gösteren 28 tür ve bir Magnolia melezi (hybrid) vardır. Manolyanın geleneksel ekimi, zayıf tohum çimlenmesi nedeniyle çok zordur. Bunun sebebi sert tohum kabuğu, kısa ömürlü tohum, aeril adı verilen etli kırmızı dış tohum tabakası bulundurmasıdır. Uçucu yağlarının önemi bunun yanında bitkinin geleneksel tarım ile üretiminin zor olması alternatif olabilecek biyoteknolojik çalışmaları teşvik etmektedir. Dünyadaki literatür incelendiğinde Manolya cinsinin in vitro kültürü ve elde edilen uçucu yağlar ile ilgili birkaç çalışma bulunmaktadır. M. champaca, M. liliifera ve M. alba (hibrit) ve diğer türlerin Endonezya’da yetiştirildiğini ancak bu çalışmaların, Endonezya'daki in vitro veya ex vitro üretimin yetersiz olduğu gözükmektedir. Bu çalışma Manolya türlerinde geçmişte yürütülen çalışmaları ve gelecekte yapılacak ıslah ve üretim çalışmalarına yol gösterici olacaktır. Bu yeni yaklaşımlar, Endonezya’da yetiştirilen manolya türlerinin ekonomik üretimine önemli ölçüde katkıda bulunacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• aromatik
• esans
• michelia
• doku kültürü

Biotechnological Approaches for the Improvement of Magnolia Genus Grown in Indonesia

Abstract

Magnolia sp., also known as Michelia, are woody fragrant flowering plants that have been used in traditional medicinal purposes. This review covers past and curent and future potential studies of Magnolia species grown in Indonesia. There are 28 species and a hybrid of Magnolia that has been recognized and distributed in Indonesia. Conventional cultivation of Magnolia becomes very hard due to poor seed germination. It is caused by hard seed coat, short-lived seed, a fleshy red outer layer of seed called aeril. There are a few studies about in vitro culture and volatile compounds of Magnolia genus at the world literture. M. champaca, M. liliifera, and M. alba (hybrid) and others widely grow in Indonesia, yet the output of studies are anadequate about in vitro or ex vitro cultivation in Indonesia. This review compiles the works of Magnolia species carried out in the past and approaches for future breeding and production studies. These new approaches will significantly contribute to the economic production of the Magnolia species grown in Indonesia.

Keywords

• aromatic
• essential oil
• michelia
• tissue culture

Kaynakça

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