Bu çalışmada, doğal bir sitrik asit ve azot/kükürt kaynağı olan limon suyundan karbon noktalarının (CD'ler) sentezi için basit bir mikrodalga yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bilim yazınında, limon suyundan CD sentezi için hidrotermal temelli yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Daha basit ve hızlı olması açısından bu çalışmada mikrodalga yönteminden karbon noktalarının sentezi araştırılmıştır. Hidrotermal bazlı yöntemlerle karşılaştırıldığında, CD'lerin kuantum verimi oldukça düşük bulumuştur (%0.74). Bununla birlikte, sentezlenen CD'ler, biyoteknolojide kullanılan sığır serum albümin (BSA) proteinlerinin floresans ışımasını mükemmel şekilde sönümlediği göstermiştir. Ayrıca, S. epidermidis, C. albicans, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. feacalis, K. pneumonia, A. baumanii gibi klinik olarak önemli hastalık etkenleri üzerinde çok yüksek mikrop-kıran (antimikrobiyal) etkilere sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.
Bourlinos AB., Stassinopoulos A., Anglos D., Zboril R., Georgakilas V., Giannelis EP. Chem. Photoluminescent Carbogenic Dots. Mater. 2008; 20: 14, 4539–4541. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm800506r.
Chen RF. Fluorescence Quantum Yields of Tryptophan and Tyrosine. Analytical Letters 1967; 1: 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032716708051097.
Hill S., Galan MC. Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017; 13: 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67.
Hoan BT., Tam PD., Pham VH. Green Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Lemon Juice. Hindawi Journal of Nanotechnology 2019; 2852816:9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2852816.
Huo X., He Y., Ma S., Jia Y., Yu J., Li Y., Cheng Q. Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots from Grapefruit and Its Fluorescence Enhancement. Hindawi Journal of Nanomaterials 2020; 8601307. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8601307.
Infrared Spectroscopy Table, https://www.chem.ucla.edu/~bacher/General/30BL/IR/ir.html. Accessed November 11th, 2021.
InstaNANO-Quantum Yield Calculator From Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis Absorption. https://instanano.com/characterization/calculator/pl/quantum-yield/ (accessed October 30th, 2021 ).
Leong CR., Tong WY., Tan W., Tumin ND., Yusof FA., Yacob LS., Rosli MIH., Abu T. Synthesis of curcumin quantum dots and their antimicrobial activity on necrotizing fasciitis causing bacteria. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020;31: 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.082.
Monte-Filho SS., Andrade SIE., Lima MB., Araujo MCU. Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots from lemon and onion juices for determination of riboflavin in multivitamin/mineral supplements. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019; 9:3, 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2019.02.003.
Nair A., Haponiuk JT., Thomas S., Gopi S. Natural carbon-based quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery: A review, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2020; 132: 110834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110834.
Okullu SÖ., Mansur N., Mozioğlu E., Kolgazi M. In vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and their urease inhibition studies on H. pylori urease enzyme. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg 2020; 11(4):646-651. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.202.
Pramanik S., Chatterjee S., Kumar GS., Devi PS. Egg-shell derived carbon dots for base pair selective DNA binding and recognition. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018; 20: 20476-20488. DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02872a.
Stefanakis D., Philippidis A., Sygello, L., Filippidis G., Ghanotakis D., Anglos D. Synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots by a microwave heating process: structural characterization and cell imaging applications. J Nanopart Res 2014; 16:2646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2646-1.
Tadesse A., RamaDevi D., Hagos M., Battu G., Basavaiah K. Facile Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Citrus Lemon Juice for Live Cell Imaging, Asian Journal of Nanoscience and Materials 2018; 1(1), 36-46.
Wang J., Zhang YY., Guo Y., Zhang L., Xu R., Xing ZQ., Wang SX., Zhang XD. Interaction of bovine serum albumin with Acridine Orange (C.I. Basic Orange 14) and its sonodynamic damage under ultrasonic irradiation. Dyes and Pigments 2009; 80:271–278.
Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications
In this study, a simple microwave method was used for the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from lemon juice as a natural source of citric acid and nitrogen/sulfur. In the synthesis of CDs from lemon juice, hydrothermal-based methods were used in the literature. In terms of being simpler and faster, the synthesis of carbon dots from the microwave method was investigated in this study. Compared to the hydrothermal-based methods, the quantum yield of CDs obtained by this method was found to be quite low (0.74%). However, the synthesized CDs showed quenching features over bovine serum albumin (BSA) proteins, which can be used in biotechnology. Moreover, it has been found to have antimicrobial effects on clinically important pathogens such as S. epidermidis, C. albicans, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. feacalis, K. pneumonia, and A. baumanii.
Bourlinos AB., Stassinopoulos A., Anglos D., Zboril R., Georgakilas V., Giannelis EP. Chem. Photoluminescent Carbogenic Dots. Mater. 2008; 20: 14, 4539–4541. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm800506r.
Chen RF. Fluorescence Quantum Yields of Tryptophan and Tyrosine. Analytical Letters 1967; 1: 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032716708051097.
Hill S., Galan MC. Fluorescent carbon dots from mono- and polysaccharides: synthesis, properties and applications. Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017; 13: 675–693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.67.
Hoan BT., Tam PD., Pham VH. Green Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Lemon Juice. Hindawi Journal of Nanotechnology 2019; 2852816:9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2852816.
Huo X., He Y., Ma S., Jia Y., Yu J., Li Y., Cheng Q. Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots from Grapefruit and Its Fluorescence Enhancement. Hindawi Journal of Nanomaterials 2020; 8601307. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8601307.
Infrared Spectroscopy Table, https://www.chem.ucla.edu/~bacher/General/30BL/IR/ir.html. Accessed November 11th, 2021.
InstaNANO-Quantum Yield Calculator From Photoluminescence (PL) and UV-Vis Absorption. https://instanano.com/characterization/calculator/pl/quantum-yield/ (accessed October 30th, 2021 ).
Leong CR., Tong WY., Tan W., Tumin ND., Yusof FA., Yacob LS., Rosli MIH., Abu T. Synthesis of curcumin quantum dots and their antimicrobial activity on necrotizing fasciitis causing bacteria. Materials Today: Proceedings 2020;31: 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.082.
Monte-Filho SS., Andrade SIE., Lima MB., Araujo MCU. Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots from lemon and onion juices for determination of riboflavin in multivitamin/mineral supplements. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019; 9:3, 209-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2019.02.003.
Nair A., Haponiuk JT., Thomas S., Gopi S. Natural carbon-based quantum dots and their applications in drug delivery: A review, Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 2020; 132: 110834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110834.
Okullu SÖ., Mansur N., Mozioğlu E., Kolgazi M. In vitro Anti-Helicobacter pylori effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and their urease inhibition studies on H. pylori urease enzyme. ACU Sağlık Bil Derg 2020; 11(4):646-651. https://doi.org/10.31067/0.2019.202.
Pramanik S., Chatterjee S., Kumar GS., Devi PS. Egg-shell derived carbon dots for base pair selective DNA binding and recognition. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2018; 20: 20476-20488. DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02872a.
Stefanakis D., Philippidis A., Sygello, L., Filippidis G., Ghanotakis D., Anglos D. Synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots by a microwave heating process: structural characterization and cell imaging applications. J Nanopart Res 2014; 16:2646. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-014-2646-1.
Tadesse A., RamaDevi D., Hagos M., Battu G., Basavaiah K. Facile Green Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots from Citrus Lemon Juice for Live Cell Imaging, Asian Journal of Nanoscience and Materials 2018; 1(1), 36-46.
Wang J., Zhang YY., Guo Y., Zhang L., Xu R., Xing ZQ., Wang SX., Zhang XD. Interaction of bovine serum albumin with Acridine Orange (C.I. Basic Orange 14) and its sonodynamic damage under ultrasonic irradiation. Dyes and Pigments 2009; 80:271–278.
Mozioğlu, E. (2022). Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2), 600-611. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1024008
AMA
Mozioğlu E. Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. Temmuz 2022;5(2):600-611. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1024008
Chicago
Mozioğlu, Erkan. “Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, sy. 2 (Temmuz 2022): 600-611. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1024008.
EndNote
Mozioğlu E (01 Temmuz 2022) Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 2 600–611.
IEEE
E. Mozioğlu, “Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno, c. 5, sy. 2, ss. 600–611, 2022, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1024008.
ISNAD
Mozioğlu, Erkan. “Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/2 (Temmuz 2022), 600-611. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1024008.
JAMA
Mozioğlu E. Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2022;5:600–611.
MLA
Mozioğlu, Erkan. “Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 600-11, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1024008.
Vancouver
Mozioğlu E. Microwave-Based Synthesis of Carbon Dots From Lemon Juice For Biotechnological Applications. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2022;5(2):600-11.