A Review Study on the Effects of Dimethyl Ether on CO Emissions in Diesel Engines

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 1641 - 1661, 05.07.2023

İsmet Sezer

Öz

This review study was created from the various studies which were completed on the use of dimethyl ether (DME) in diesel engines as a fuel or fuel additive. The several methods are available for the decreasing of the harmful emissions in diesel engines. The first method for the reduction of harmful emissions is improved the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time consuming. The second method is the using various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of such devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The last method to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various alternative fuels or fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engines are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce NOx and PM simultaneously in practice. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce these emissions is the use of various alternative fuels i.e. natural gas, biogas, biodiesel or using some additives with the alternative fuels or conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, it is very important that the results of various studies on alternative fuels or fuel additives are evaluated together to practice applications. Especially, this study focuses on the usage of dimethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive. This review study investigates the effects of using dimethyl ether on carbon monoxide (CO) emissions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diesel engine performance, Dimethyl ether, Fuel additives, CO emissions

Dizel Motorlarda Dimetil Eter Kullanımının CO Emisyonuna Etkisi Üzerine Bir Derleme Çalışması

Öz

Bu çalışma, dizel motorlarda dimetil eter (DME)’in saf veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanımı üzerine yapılmış çeşitli çalışmaların sonuçlarından yararlanılarak derlenmiştir. Dizel motorlarda zararlı egzoz emisyonlarını azaltmanın birkaç yöntemi vardır. Bunlardan ilki motor tasarımında ve yakıt enjeksiyon sisteminde modifikasyonlar yaparak yanmanın iyileştirilmesidir, ancak bu pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir yöntemdir. İkinci yöntem ise katalitik konvektör ve partikül fitresi gibi donanımlar kullanmaktır, ancak bu donanımlar motor performansını olumsuz yönde etkiler. Hem egzoz emisyonlarını azaltmak hem de motor performansını artırmak için uygulanan son yöntem çeşitli alternatif yakıtların veya yakıt katkılarının kullanılmasıdır. Dizel motorlardaki en önemli emisyonlar azot oksitler (NOx) ve partikül maddelerdir (PM). Çoğu araştırmacı emisyonları azaltmanın en iyi yolunun doğalgaz, biyogaz, biyodizel gibi alternatif yakıtların veya konvansiyonel veya alternatif yakıtlarla birlikte çeşitli yakıt katkılarının kullanılması olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bu nedenle, alternatif yakıtlar ve yakıt katkıları üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarının birlikte değerlendirilmesi pratik uygulamalar için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma, dimetil eterin dizel motorlarda yakıt veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanılmasının karbon monoksit (CO) emisyonları üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesine odaklanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dizel motor performansı, Dimetil eter, Yakıt katkıları, CO emisyonları

Kaynakça

• Abhishek, Rahul K., Santosh K., Martha O. Blending impacts of biogas and dimethyl ether (DME) on compressed ignition engine. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 2017; 4(4): 2174-2177.
• Alam M., Kajitani S. DME as an alternative fuel for direct injection diesel engine. 4th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, 26-28 December 2001, Dhaka., Bangladesh, pp. 87-92.
• Ambekar Y., Hole, JA. Preliminary optimization of duel fuel engine using dimethyl ether premixed combustion. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 2018; 5(10): 274-278.
• Arcoumanis C., Bae C., Crookes R., Kinoshita E. The potential of di-methyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel for compression-ignition engines: A review. Fuel 2008; 87(7): 1014-1030.
• Azizi Z., Rezaeimanesh M., Tohidian T., Rahimpour MR. Dimethyl ether: A review of technologies and production challenges. Chemical Engineering and Processing 2014; 82: 150-172.
• Baskaran R. Analysis on synthesis, storage & combustion characteristics of DME as fuel in CI engines. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology 2015; 3(1):133-140.
• Benajes J., Novella R., Pastor JM., Hernández-López A., Kokjohn SL. Computational optimization of the combustion system of a heavy duty direct injection diesel engine operating with dimethyl-ether. Fuel 2018; 218: 127-139.
• Benajes J., Novella R., Pastor J.M., Hernández-López A., Kokjohn SL. Computational optimization of a combustion system for a stoichiometric DME fueled compression ignition engine. Fuel 2018; 223: 20-31.
• Bogdan J., Nicolae B., Călin I., Vlad BN. Study of emissions for a compression ignition engine fueled with a mix of DME and diesel. Materials Science and Engineering 2017; 252: 1-9.
• Chapman EM., Boehman AL. Pilot ignited premixed combustion of dimethyl ether in a turbodiesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology 2008; 89: 1262-1271.
• Chen Z., Konno M., Kajitani S. Performance and emissions of DI compression ignition engines fueled with dimethyl ether. JSME International Journal 2000; 43(1): 82-88.
• Deepak KM., Karthick M., Dineshbabu D., Srikanth P., Ramachandran MG. Investigation on the effect of dimethyl ether in compression ignition engine. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2015; 4(2): 401-407.
• Duan J., Sun Y., Yang Z., Sun Z. Combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine operating on composite combustion mode of DME and diesel. Proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Shanghai, China, 2012, pp. 463-466.
• El-Hagar MME-G. Effect of diethyl ether and dimethyl ether with liquefied petroleum gas on combustion and emissions characteristics of diesel engine. International Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 2014; 2(3): 193-198.
• Genbao L., Jianming C., Minglong L., Yuhua Q., Zhaoyang C. Experimental study on the size distribution characteristics of spray droplets of DME/diesel blended fuels. Fuel Processing Technology 2012; 104: 352-355.
• Geng P., Cao E., Tan Q., Wie L. Effects of alternative fuels on the combustion characteristics and emission products from diesel engines: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 71: 523-534.
• Guangxin G., Zhulin Y., Apeng Z., Shenghua L., Yanju W. Effects of fuel temperature on injection process and combustion of dimethyl ether engine. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 2013; 135: 1-5.
• Hewu W., Longbao Z. Performance of a direct injection diesel engine fuelled with a dimethyl ether/diesel blend. Journal of Automobile Engineering 2017; 217(9): 819-824.
• Hou J., Wen Z., Jiang Z., Qiao X. Study on combustion and emissions of a turbocharged compression ignition engine fueled with dimethyl ether and biodiesel blends. Journal of the Energy Institute 2014; 87: 102-113.
• Huang Z., Qiao X., Zhang W., Wu J., Zhang J. Dimethyl ether as alternative fuel for CI engine and vehicle. Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China 2009; 3(1): 99-108.
• Inayat A., Ghenai C., Naqvi M., Ammar M., Ayoub M., Hussin MNB. Parametric study for production of dimethyl ether (DME) as a fuel from palm wastes. Energy Procedia 2017; 105: 1242-1249.
• Jalanapurkar M., Patel K., Patel T., Rathod G., Granipa H. A literature review on combine effect of di-methyl ether (DME) as an additive & the injection pressure on the performance & emission of 4 stroke C.I engine. International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development 2015; 2(1): 262-266.
• Jang J., Bae C. Effects of valve events on the engine efficiency in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled by dimethyl ether. Fuel 2009; 88: 1228-1234.
• Jeon J., Kwon S., Park YH., Oh Y., Park S. Visualizations of combustion and fuel/air mixture formation processes in a single cylinder engine fueled with DME. Applied Energy 2014; 113: 294-301.
• Kajitani S. A study of low compression ratio diesel engines operated with neat dimethyl ether (DME). JSME TED Newsletter 2004; 42. 1-14.
• Kajitani S., Chen Z. Fundamental research on next generation fuel (dimethyl ether) engines. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research 2003; 62: 133-144.
• Khunaphan S., Hartley UW., Theinnoi K. Characterization and potential of dimethyl ether (DME) as dual fuel combustion in a compression ignition engine. International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology 2013; 2(3): 79-85.
• Kim HJ., Park SH. Optimization study on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption in a dimethyl ether (DME) fueled diesel engine. Fuel 2016; 182: 541-549.
• Kim HJ., Park SH., Lee KS., Lee CS. A study of spray strategies on improvement of engine performance and emissions reduction characteristics in a DME fueled diesel engine. Energy 2011; 36: 1802-1813.
• Kim HJ., Park SW., Lee CS. Numerical and experimental study on the combustion and emission characteristics of a dimethyl ether (DME) fueled compression ignition engine. Oil & Gas Science and Technology 2012; 67(3): 479-489.
• Kowalewicz A., Wojtyniak M. Alternative fuels and their application to combustion engines. Journal of Automobile Engineering 2005; 219: 103-125.
• Kropiwnicki J., Dominiczak P., Kneba Z. Analysis of the possibilities of using of DME fuel in motor boat drive systems. Combustion Engines 2017; 171(4): 74-80.
• Lamani VT., Yadav AK., Narayanappa KG. Influence of low-temperature combustion and dimethyl ether-diesel blends on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of common rail diesel engine: a CFD study. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2017; 24: 15500-15509.
• Lecksiwilai N., Gheewala SH., Sagisaka M., Yamaguchi K. Net energy ratio and life cycle greenhouse gases (GHG) assessment of bio-dimethyl ether (DME) produced from various agricultural residues in Thailand. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016; 134: 523-531.
• Li G. Dimethyl ether (DME): a new alternative fuel for diesel vehicle. Advanced Materials Research 2011; 156-157: 1014-1018.
• Lim OT., Iida N. A study on the spray and engine combustion characteristics of diesel-dimethyl ether fuel blends. Journal of Automobile Engineering 2015; 229(6): 782-792.
• Loganathan M., Anbarasu A., Velmurugan A. Emission characteristics of jatropha-ethanol and jatropha-dimethyl ether fuel blends on a DI diesel engine. Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012; 42(1): 38-46.
• Loganathan M., Anbarasu A., Velmurugan A. Emission characteristics of jatropha-dimethyl ether fuel blends on a DI diesel engine. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research 2012; 1(8): 28-32.
• Maji S., Ahmed S., Siddiqui WA., Kumar A. Impact of di-methyl ether (DME) as an additive fuel for compression ignition engine in reduction of urban air pollution. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2014; 3(11): 17221-17228.
• Maji S., Ahmed S., Siddiqui WA., Aggarwal S., Kumar A. Impact of di-methyl ether (DME) as an additive fuel for compression ignition engine in reduction of urban air pollution. American Journal of Environmental Protection 2015; 3(2): 48-52.
• Mohan B., Yang W., Yu W., Tay KL. Numerical analysis of spray characteristics of dimethyl ether and diethyl ether fuel. Applied Energy 2017; 185: 1403-1410.
• Namasivayam AM., Korakianitis T., Crookes RJ., Bob-Manuel KDH., Olsen J. Biodiesel, emulsified biodiesel and dimethyl ether as pilot fuels for natural gas fuelled engines. Applied Energy 2010; 87: 769-778.
• Oda Y., Osafune Y., Ueda H., Fujimura K. Clean combustion technology in diesel engines operated with dimethyl ether. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. Technical Review 2004; 40(6): 1-5.
• Park S. Optimization of combustion chamber geometry and engine operating conditions for compression ignition engines fueled with dimethyl ether. Fuel 2012; 97: 61-71.
• Park SH., Lee CS. Combustion performance and emission reduction characteristics of automotive DME engine system. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 2013; 39: 147-168.
• Park SH., Lee CS. Applicability of dimethyl ether (DME) in a compression ignition engine as an alternative fuel. Energy Conversion and Management 2014; 86: 848-863.
• Park SH., Kim HJ., Lee CS. Effects of dimethyl-ether (DME) spray behavior in the cylinder on the combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics of a high speed diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology 2010; 91: 504-513.
• Park SH., Shin D., Park J. Effect of ethanol fraction on the combustion and emission characteristics of a dimethyl ether-ethanol dual-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition engine. Applied Energy 2016; 182: 243-252.
• Park SH., Yoon SH., Cha J., Lee CS. Mixing effects of biogas and dimethyl ether (DME) on combustion and emission characteristics of DME fueled high-speed diesel engine. Energy 2014; 66: 413-422.
• Patil KR., Thipse SS. The potential of DME-diesel blends as an alternative fuel for CI engines. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 2012; 2(10): 35-41.
• Prabhakaran B., Thennarasu P., Karthick S. Performance and characteristics of a CI engine using DME (Dimethyl Ether). International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 2015; 4(2): 31-34.
• Roh HG., Lee D., Lee CS. Impact of DME-biodiesel, diesel-biodiesel and diesel fuels on the combustion and emission reduction characteristics of a CI engine according to pilot and single injection strategies. Journal of the Energy Institute 2015; 88: 376-385.
• Ryu K., Zacharakis-Jutz GE., Kong S-C. Performance characteristics of compression- ignition engine using high concentration of ammonia mixed with dimethyl ether. Applied Energy 2014; 113: 488-499.
• Semelsberger TA., Borup RL., Grene HL. Dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel. Journal of Power Sources 2006; 156: 497-511.
• Sezer I. Thermodynamic, performance and emission investigation of a diesel engine running on dimethyl ether and diethyl ether. International Journal of Thermal Sciences 2011; 50: 1594-1603.
• Smolec R., Idzior M., Karpiuk W., Kozak M. Assessment of the potential of dimethyl ether as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines. Combustion Engines 2017; 169(2): 181-186.
• Song J., Huang Z., Qiao X., Wang W. Performance of a controllable premixed combustion engine fueled with dimethyl ether. Energy Conversion and Management 2004; 45: 2223-2232.
• Suh HK., Lee CS. Experimental and analytical study on the spray characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) and diesel fuels within a common-rail injection system in a diesel engine. Fuel 2008; 87: 925-932.
• Taghavifar H., Khalilarya S., Mirhasani S., Jafarmadar S. Numerical energetic and exergetic analysis of CI diesel engine performance for different fuels of hydrogen, dimethyl ether, and diesel under various engine speeds. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2014; 39: 9515-9526.
• Teng H., McCandless JC., Scheneyer Jeffrey B. Thermochemical characteristics of dimethyl ether alternative fuel for compression-ignition. Society of Automotive Engineers 2001; Paper no 2001-01-0154.
• Theinnoi K., Suksompong P., Temwutthikun W. Engine performance of dual fuel operation with in-cylinder injected diesel fuels and in-port injected DME. Energy Procedia 2017; 142: 461-467.
• Thomas G., Feng B., Veeraragavan A., Cleary MJ., Drinnan N. Emissions from DME combustion in diesel engines and their implications on meeting future emission norms: A review. Fuel Processing Technology 2014; 119: 286-304.
• Vispute KM., Pawar TJ. Study and prospects of di-methyl ether as an alternative fuel in C.I. engine: review. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development 2016; 3(4): 134-138.
• Wang HW., Zhou LB., Jiang DM., Huang ZH. Study on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition engine fuelled with dimethyl ether. Journal of Automotive Engineering 2000; 214: 101-106.
• Wang Y., Xiao F., Zhao Y., Li D., Lei X. Study on cycle-by-cycle variations in a diesel engine with dimethyl ether as port premixing fuel. Applied Energy 2015; 143: 58-70.
• Wang Y., Zhao Y., Yang Z. Dimethyl ether energy ratio effects in a dimethyl ether-diesel dual fuel premixed charge compression ignition engine. Applied Thermal Engineering 2013; 54: 481-487.
• Wang Y., Zhao Y., Xiao F., Li D. Combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with DME as port premixing fuel under different injection timing. Energy Conversion and Management 2014; 77: 52-60.
• Wattanavichien K. Implementation of DME in a small direct injection diesel engine. International Journal of Renewable Energy 2009; 4(2): 1-12.
• Xinling L., Zhen H. Emission reduction potential of using gas-to-liquid and dimethyl ether fuels on a turbocharged diesel engine. Science of the Total Environment 2009; 407: 2234-2244.
• Xu S., Wang Y., Zhang X., Zhen X., Tao C. Development of a novel common-rail type dimethyl ether (DME) injector. Applied Energy 2012; 94: 1-12.
• Yanju W., Kun W., Wenrui W., Shenghua L., Xiao C., Yajing Y., Shanwen B. Comparison study on the emission characteristics of diesel- and dimethyl ether-originated particulate matters. Applied Energy 2014; 130: 357-369.
• Ying W., Li H., Longbao Z., Wei L. Effects of DME pilot quantity on the performance of a DME PCCI-DI engine. Energy Conversion and Management 2010; 51: 648-654.
• Ying W., Longbao Z., Hewu W. Diesel emission improvements by the use of oxygenated DME/diesel blend fuels. Atmospheric Environment 2006; 40: 2313-2320.
• Ying W., Longbao Z., Zhongji Y., Hongyi D. Study on combustion and emission characteristics of a vehicle engine fuelled dimethyl ether. Journal of Automotive Engineering 2005; 219: 263-269.
• Yoon SH., Cha JP., Lee CS. An investigation of the effects of spray angle and injection strategy on dimethyl ether (DME) combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a common-rail diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology 2010; 91: 1364-1372.
• Yoon SH., Han SC., Lee CS. Effects of high EGR rate on dimethyl ether (DME) combustion and pollutant emission characteristics in a direct injection diesel engine. Energies 2013; 6: 5157-5167.
• Youn IM., Park SH., Roh HG., Lee CS. Investigation on the fuel spray and emission reduction characteristics for dimethyl ether (DME) fueled multi-cylinder diesel engine with common-rail injection system. Fuel Processing Technology 2011; 92: 1280-1287.
• Zhao Y., Wang Y., Li D., Lei X., Liu S. Combustion and emission characteristics of a DME (dimethyl ether)-diesel dual fuel premixed charge compression ignition engine with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). Energy 2014; 72: 608-617.
• Zhu Z., Li D.K., Liu J., Wei YJ., Liu SH. Investigation on the regulated and unregulated emissions of a DME engine under different injection timing. Applied Thermal Engineering 2012; 35: 9-14.