Investigation of the Use of Hybrid Composite Materials Formed Using Two Different Resins in Vehicle Bumpers

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 751 - 766, 11.03.2024

Fethiye Yalçın Mustafa Özcanlı , Berkay Karacor

https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1330221

Öz

As efforts to reduce vehicle weight in today's vehicles accelerate, efforts to find new types of materials that can replace traditional materials have accelerated. In this study, carbon fiber was used as a reinforcement element together with glass fiber for lightening in vehicle bumpers. While vinyl ester and polyester were chosen as the matrix material for the piece to be produced, production was made by the hand lay-up method. The produced samples were first subjected to tensile test and their mechanical values were determined. The mechanical test results were introduced to the ANSYS program, and separate analyzes were made for the materials produced on the same bumper design and the results were compared. According to the results of the analysis, there was 2.13 times decrease in total deformations in glass fiber/carbon fiber/Vinyl ester hybrid composites compared to glass fiber/vinyl ester homogeneous composites. In terms of equivalent stresses, 8% reduction was achieved in the carbon fiber /glass fiber/Vinyl ester hybrid composite compared to the carbon/Vinyl ester homogeneous composite. It was concluded that the choice of reinforcement and matrix is important for creating bumper material and improving the mechanical values of the bumper

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vinylester, Polyester, Glass fiber, Carbon fiber, Mechanical properties, Finite elemnt method

Destekleyen Kurum

Cukurova University Scientific Research Projects Unit

Proje Numarası

FYL-2021-13886

İki Farklı Reçine Kullanılarak Oluşturulan Hibrit Kompozit Malzemelerin Araç Tamponlarında Kullanımının Araştırılması

Öz

Günümüz araçlarında araç ağırlığını düşürme çabaları hızlanırken, geleneksel malzemelerin yerini alabilecek yeni malzeme türleri bulma çabaları da hızlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada araç tamponlarında aydınlatma için cam elyaf ile birlikte takviye elemanı olarak karbon elyaf kullanılmıştır. Üretilecek parça için matris malzemesi olarak vinil ester ve polyester seçilirken, el yatırması yöntemiyle üretim yapıldı. Üretilen numuneler önce çekme testine tabi tutulmuş ve mekanik değerleri belirlenmiştir. Mekanik test sonuçları ANSYS programına tanıtılmış, aynı tampon tasarımı üzerinde üretilen malzemeler için ayrı ayrı analizler yapılmış ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre cam elyaf/vinil ester homojen kompozitlere göre cam elyaf/karbon elyaf/vinil ester hibrit kompozitlerde toplam deformasyonlarda 2,13 kat azalma olmuştur. Eşdeğer gerilmeler açısından, karbon/vinil ester homojen bileşiğe kıyasla karbon elyaf / cam elyaf / vinilester hibrit kompozitte %8 azalma sağlanmıştır. Tampon malzemesinin oluşturulmasında ve tamponun mekanik değerlerinin iyileştirilmesinde takviye ve matris seçiminin önemli olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vinilester, Poliester, Cam fiber, Karbon fiber, Mekanik özellikler, Sonlu elemanlar metodu

Proje Numarası

FYL-2021-13886

Kaynakça

• Ahmad H., Markina AA., Porotnikov MV., Ahmad F. A review of carbon fiber materials in automotive industry. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020; 971(3): 032011.
• Akhil AB., Shaik Usman Shaa G., Senthil Kumar. Experimental and numerical analysis of polymer matrix composite material for using in automobile bumper. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2016; 5(06): 501–506.
• Akkurt A. Waterjet cutting systems and assesment of their industrial applications. Journal of Polytechnic 2004; 7(2): 129–139.
• Armağan M., Arici AA. Cutting performance of glass-vinyl ester composite by abrasive water jet. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2017; 32(15): 1715–1722.
• Askeland DR., Fulay PP., Wright WJ. The science and engineering of materials, 6th ed. Stamford: Cengage Learning; 2011.
• Associates EG. Marine composites 2nd ed. Maryland: Eric Greene Associates; 1999.
• Basith MA., Chandrashekar Reddy N., Uppalapati S., Jani SP. Crash analysis of a passenger car bumper assembly to improve design for impact test. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021; 45: 1684–1690.
• Bağcı M. Investigation of erosion wear behaviour of glass fibre reinforced composite materials. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science of Selçuk University. PhD Thesis page number:38-50 Konya, Turkey, 2010.
• Belingardi G., Beyene AT., Koricho EG., Martorana B. Alternative lightweight materials and component manufacturing technologies for vehicle frontal bumper beam. Composite Structures 2015; 120: 483–495.
• Boytek. Polyester 452 Properties. Retrieved from https://www.boytek.com.tr/subpage/polyester-recineleri/genel-amacli. 2023.a; Accessed:23.01.2023
• Boytek, Vinyl ester Bve 780 Properties. Retrieved from https://www.boytek.com.tr/subpage/vinil-ester/vinil-ester-resins. 2023.b; Accessed:23.01.2023
• British Standard Instution EN ISO 527-2. Plastics — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics. Brussels. 2012.
• Durgun İ., Vatansever O., Ertan R., Yavuz N. Experimental comparison of composite part manufacturing processes used in automotive industry. In II. Ulusal Ege Kompozit Malzemeler Sempozyumu. 7-9 November 2013, İzmir.
• Genç Ç. Experimental comparison of production methods regarding fiberglass reinforced plastic. The Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science of Kocaeli University. MSc Thesis, page number: 2-8 Kocaeli, Turkey, 2006.
• Hu Y., Liu C., Zhang J., Ding G., Wu Q. Research on carbon fiber–reinforced plastic bumper beam subjected to low-velocity frontal impact. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2015; 7(6): 1-15.
• Instron, Poisson ratio properties. Retrieved from https://www.instron.com/en/resources/glossary/poissons-ratio. 2023; Accessed:22.11.2023
• Jani SP., Senthil Kumar A., Adam Khan M., Uthaya Kumar M. Machinablity of hybrid natural fiber composite with and without filler as reinforcement. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2016; 31: 1393-1399.