Araştırma Makalesi
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Analysis of the Market Volume of Wall Filling Materials in the Construction Industry for Brick, Briquette and Aerated Concrete

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 652 - 667, 12.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1488474

Öz

Brick, briquette and aerated concrete are construction materials commonly used for wall construction in Türkiye. Due to their cement content, briquettes and aerated concrete cause more greenhouse gas emissions than bricks. However, in recent years, the share of brick in the construction sector has been decreasing while the share of briquette and aerated concrete has been increasing. The aim of this study is to determine the production and sales quantities and production and sales values of brick, briquette and aerated concrete in the manufacturing industry and to analyze their market volumes in the construction sector comparatively. Within the framework of this aim, the changes in the production and sales quantities and values of brick, briquette and aerated concrete were analyzed using the Annual Industrial Product (PRODCOM) Statistics database of the Turkish Statistical Institute. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there has been a decrease in the market volume of brick in recent years and this decrease has been reflected as an increase in the market volume of briquette. As a result, recommendations are put forward to increase the share of brick in the construction sector, which causes less greenhouse gas emissions than briquettes and aerated concrete. This study is expected to contribute to increasing the loss of market volume of brick in the construction sector by developing more sustainable production techniques and raising awareness in the sector.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida MI., Dias AC., Arroja L., Dias A. Life cycle assessment (cradle to gate) of a Portuguese brick. Portugal SB10-Sustainable Building Affordable to All Conference, 17-19 Mart 2010, sayfa no: 17-19, Vilamoura, Portekiz.
  • BlokBims. Briket Değil BlokBims 2024. URL: https://www.blokbims.com.tr/bilgi-merkezi/briket-degil-blokbims/, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Cao Z., Shen L., Løvik AN., Müller DB., Liu G. Elaborating the history of our cementing societies: An in-use stock perspective. Environmental Science and Technology 2017; 51(19): 11468–11475.
  • Envirocon. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a98820b4-001c-4317-ef0b-08db61df2909/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Eurostat. NACE Rev. 2 Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community 2008. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5902521/KS-RA-07-015-EN.PDF, Son Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2024.
  • Eurostat. Overview-Prodcom-Statistics by product 2023. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ web/prodcom, Son Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2023.
  • Eurostat. Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community Rev. 2.1. (NACE_2.1) 2024. URL: https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Statistical_Classification _of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community_Rev._2.1._%28NACE_2.1%29/data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2024.
  • Gaziantep Ytong. Çevresel Ürün Beyanı 2020. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a2cbb8da-59d6-4c93-a11d-8a6783c6f648/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • Globmac. Briket nedir? 2024 URL: https://www.globmac.com/briket-nedir/, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Haberl H., Wiedenhofer D., Virág D., Kalt G., Plank B., Brockway P., Fishman T., Hausknost D., Krausmann F., Leon-Gruchalski B., Mayer A., Pichler M., Schaffartzik A., Sousa T., Streeck J., Creutzig F. A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part II: synthesizing the insights. Environmental Research Letters 2020. 15(6): 1-42.
  • IEA. Tracking clean energy progress 2023, Paris: IEA; 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023
  • IPCC. Climate change 2022: Mitigation of climate change. 1st ed. UK: Cambridge University Press; 2023. Cambridge, UK ve New York, NY, USA; 2022.
  • ISO 14040:2006. Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework 2006.
  • ISO 14044:2006. Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines 2006.
  • ISO 14025:2008. Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures 2008.
  • Kingscourt Brick. Environmental Product Declaration 2021. URL: https://www.igbc.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/EPD-Kingscourt-Brick-12-07-2021-EPDIE-21-51.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • Krausmann F., Wiedenhofer D., Lauk C., Haas W., Tanikawa H., Fishman T., Miatto A., Schandl H., Haberl H. Global socioeconomic material stocks rise 23-fold over the 20th century and require half of annual resource use. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 2017; 114(8): 1880–1885.
  • Krausmann F., Lauk C., Haas W., Wiedenhofer D. From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015. Global Environmental Change 2018; 52: 131–140.
  • Maia de Souza D., Lafontaine M., Charron-Doucet F., Chappert B., Kicak K., Duarte F., Lima, L. Comparative life cycle assessment of ceramic brick, concrete brick and cast-in-place reinforced concrete exterior walls. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016; 137: 70-82.
  • Neser L. Introduction to earth science. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Department of Geosciences; 2023. Özdemir Toprak Sanayi. Tuğla Üretimi ve Tuğla Üretim Aşamaları 2024. URL: http://ozdemirtoprak.com/blog/tugla-uretimi-ve-tugla-uretim-asamalari/, Son Erişim Tarihi: 26.02.2024.
  • Pauliuk S., Wang T., Müller DB. Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2013; 71: 22–30.
  • Plank B., Eisenmenger N., Schaffartzik A., Wiedenhofer D. International trade drives global resource use: A structural decomposition analysis of raw material consumption from 1990–2010. Environmental Science and Technology 2018; 52(7): 4190–4198.
  • Pons JJ., Penadés-Plà V., Yepes V., Martí JV. Life cycle assessment of earth-retaining walls: An environmental comparison. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018; 192: 411-420.
  • Prefabrıcados Etxeberria. Environmental Product Declaration 2021. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/35a31a75-7f34-47ff-8fe1-08d8bd2d7e04/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Roadstone. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a0e82a6d-4826-4069-a6f4-08da599e304a/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Saray Tuğla. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/b58415f9-dfdd-4e00-9041-08dabb52e166/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • Shaw Brick. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://pcr-epd.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/836.Shaw_Brick_Clay_Brick_EPD.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • The Brick Development Association. Environmental Product Declaration 2019. URL: https://www.brick.org.uk/uploads/downloads/breg-en-epd-000002-v4.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • The Brick Industry Association. Environmental Product Declaration 2020. URL: https://bowerstonshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EPD.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • The United Basalt Products Limited. Environmental Product Declaration 2020. URL: https://api.environdec.com/api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/b2e43311-f1ae-43d7-0317-08d8f01e26c9/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi. 21.02.2024.
  • TÜİK. Haber Bülteni: Yıllık Sanayi Ürün (PRODCOM) İstatistikleri, 2022.
  • TÜİK. Yıllık Sanayi Ürün (PRODCOM) İstatistikleri 2023. URL: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Kategori/GetKategori?p=Sanayi-114, Son Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2023.
  • Türk Gazbeton. Environmental Product Declaration 2024. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a2223532-3ccb-4921-1b99-08dc2330a814/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • UNFCCC. National Statement of the Republic of Turkiye 2024. URL: https://unfccc.int/sites/ default/files/resource/TURKIYE_cop28cmp18cma5_HLS_ENG.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2024.
  • Zastrow P., Molina-Moreno F., García-Segura T., Martí JV., Yepes V. Life cycle assessment of cost-optimized buttress earth-retaining walls: A parametric study. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017; 140: 1037-1048.

Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 652 - 667, 12.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1488474

Öz

Tuğla, briket ve gaz beton, Türkiye’de duvar yapımında yaygın olarak kullanılan yapı malzemeleridir. Çimento içeriklerinden dolayı briket ve gaz beton, tuğlaya göre daha fazla sera gazı emisyonuna sebep olmaktadır. Ancak son yıllarda tuğlanın inşaat sektöründeki payı azalırken briket ve gaz betonun artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, tuğla, briket ve gaz betonun imalat sanayi içindeki üretim ve satış miktarları ile üretim ve satış değerlerinin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırmalı olarak inşaat sektöründeki pazar hacimlerinin analiz edilmesidir. Söz konusu amaç çerçevesinde, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumunun Yıllık Sanayi Ürün (PRODCOM) İstatistikleri veri tabanı kullanılarak tuğla, briket ve gaz betonun üretim ve satış miktarları ile değerlerinin değişimleri analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, son yıllarda tuğlanın pazar hacminde azalma olduğu, bu azalmanın ise brikete artış olarak yansıdığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, briket ve gaz betona göre daha az sera gazı emisyonuna sebep olan tuğlanın sektördeki payını artırmaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın, tuğlanın inşaat sektöründeki pazar hacmi kaybının daha sürdürülebilir üretim teknikleri geliştirilerek arttırılması ve sektörde konuya ilişkin farkındalık kazandırılması açısından katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Almeida MI., Dias AC., Arroja L., Dias A. Life cycle assessment (cradle to gate) of a Portuguese brick. Portugal SB10-Sustainable Building Affordable to All Conference, 17-19 Mart 2010, sayfa no: 17-19, Vilamoura, Portekiz.
  • BlokBims. Briket Değil BlokBims 2024. URL: https://www.blokbims.com.tr/bilgi-merkezi/briket-degil-blokbims/, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Cao Z., Shen L., Løvik AN., Müller DB., Liu G. Elaborating the history of our cementing societies: An in-use stock perspective. Environmental Science and Technology 2017; 51(19): 11468–11475.
  • Envirocon. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a98820b4-001c-4317-ef0b-08db61df2909/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Eurostat. NACE Rev. 2 Statistical classification of economic activities in the European Community 2008. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/3859598/5902521/KS-RA-07-015-EN.PDF, Son Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2024.
  • Eurostat. Overview-Prodcom-Statistics by product 2023. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ web/prodcom, Son Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2023.
  • Eurostat. Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community Rev. 2.1. (NACE_2.1) 2024. URL: https://showvoc.op.europa.eu/#/datasets/ESTAT_Statistical_Classification _of_Economic_Activities_in_the_European_Community_Rev._2.1._%28NACE_2.1%29/data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2024.
  • Gaziantep Ytong. Çevresel Ürün Beyanı 2020. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a2cbb8da-59d6-4c93-a11d-8a6783c6f648/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • Globmac. Briket nedir? 2024 URL: https://www.globmac.com/briket-nedir/, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Haberl H., Wiedenhofer D., Virág D., Kalt G., Plank B., Brockway P., Fishman T., Hausknost D., Krausmann F., Leon-Gruchalski B., Mayer A., Pichler M., Schaffartzik A., Sousa T., Streeck J., Creutzig F. A systematic review of the evidence on decoupling of GDP, resource use and GHG emissions, part II: synthesizing the insights. Environmental Research Letters 2020. 15(6): 1-42.
  • IEA. Tracking clean energy progress 2023, Paris: IEA; 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023
  • IPCC. Climate change 2022: Mitigation of climate change. 1st ed. UK: Cambridge University Press; 2023. Cambridge, UK ve New York, NY, USA; 2022.
  • ISO 14040:2006. Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework 2006.
  • ISO 14044:2006. Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines 2006.
  • ISO 14025:2008. Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures 2008.
  • Kingscourt Brick. Environmental Product Declaration 2021. URL: https://www.igbc.ie/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/EPD-Kingscourt-Brick-12-07-2021-EPDIE-21-51.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • Krausmann F., Wiedenhofer D., Lauk C., Haas W., Tanikawa H., Fishman T., Miatto A., Schandl H., Haberl H. Global socioeconomic material stocks rise 23-fold over the 20th century and require half of annual resource use. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 2017; 114(8): 1880–1885.
  • Krausmann F., Lauk C., Haas W., Wiedenhofer D. From resource extraction to outflows of wastes and emissions: The socioeconomic metabolism of the global economy, 1900–2015. Global Environmental Change 2018; 52: 131–140.
  • Maia de Souza D., Lafontaine M., Charron-Doucet F., Chappert B., Kicak K., Duarte F., Lima, L. Comparative life cycle assessment of ceramic brick, concrete brick and cast-in-place reinforced concrete exterior walls. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016; 137: 70-82.
  • Neser L. Introduction to earth science. Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Department of Geosciences; 2023. Özdemir Toprak Sanayi. Tuğla Üretimi ve Tuğla Üretim Aşamaları 2024. URL: http://ozdemirtoprak.com/blog/tugla-uretimi-ve-tugla-uretim-asamalari/, Son Erişim Tarihi: 26.02.2024.
  • Pauliuk S., Wang T., Müller DB. Steel all over the world: Estimating in-use stocks of iron for 200 countries. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2013; 71: 22–30.
  • Plank B., Eisenmenger N., Schaffartzik A., Wiedenhofer D. International trade drives global resource use: A structural decomposition analysis of raw material consumption from 1990–2010. Environmental Science and Technology 2018; 52(7): 4190–4198.
  • Pons JJ., Penadés-Plà V., Yepes V., Martí JV. Life cycle assessment of earth-retaining walls: An environmental comparison. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018; 192: 411-420.
  • Prefabrıcados Etxeberria. Environmental Product Declaration 2021. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/35a31a75-7f34-47ff-8fe1-08d8bd2d7e04/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Roadstone. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a0e82a6d-4826-4069-a6f4-08da599e304a/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • Saray Tuğla. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/b58415f9-dfdd-4e00-9041-08dabb52e166/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • Shaw Brick. Environmental Product Declaration 2022. URL: https://pcr-epd.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/836.Shaw_Brick_Clay_Brick_EPD.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • The Brick Development Association. Environmental Product Declaration 2019. URL: https://www.brick.org.uk/uploads/downloads/breg-en-epd-000002-v4.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • The Brick Industry Association. Environmental Product Declaration 2020. URL: https://bowerstonshale.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EPD.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 05.02.2024.
  • The United Basalt Products Limited. Environmental Product Declaration 2020. URL: https://api.environdec.com/api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/b2e43311-f1ae-43d7-0317-08d8f01e26c9/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi. 21.02.2024.
  • TÜİK. Haber Bülteni: Yıllık Sanayi Ürün (PRODCOM) İstatistikleri, 2022.
  • TÜİK. Yıllık Sanayi Ürün (PRODCOM) İstatistikleri 2023. URL: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/ Kategori/GetKategori?p=Sanayi-114, Son Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2023.
  • Türk Gazbeton. Environmental Product Declaration 2024. URL: https://api.environdec.com/ api/v1/EPDLibrary/Files/a2223532-3ccb-4921-1b99-08dc2330a814/Data, Son Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2024.
  • UNFCCC. National Statement of the Republic of Turkiye 2024. URL: https://unfccc.int/sites/ default/files/resource/TURKIYE_cop28cmp18cma5_HLS_ENG.pdf, Son Erişim Tarihi: 22.02.2024.
  • Zastrow P., Molina-Moreno F., García-Segura T., Martí JV., Yepes V. Life cycle assessment of cost-optimized buttress earth-retaining walls: A parametric study. Journal of Cleaner Production 2017; 140: 1037-1048.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevresel Olarak Sürdürülebilir Mühendislik, Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi ve Endüstriyel Ekoloji, Mimari Mühendislik, Yapı Malzemeleri
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri (RESEARCH ARTICLES)
Yazarlar

Yusuf Eşidir 0000-0003-0221-729X

Arzuhan Burcu Gültekin 0000-0003-1246-6468

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Aralık 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Eşidir, Y., & Gültekin, A. B. (2025). Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(2), 652-667. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1488474
AMA Eşidir Y, Gültekin AB. Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. Mart 2025;8(2):652-667. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1488474
Chicago Eşidir, Yusuf, ve Arzuhan Burcu Gültekin. “Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket Ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Mart 2025): 652-67. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1488474.
EndNote Eşidir Y, Gültekin AB (01 Mart 2025) Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 2 652–667.
IEEE Y. Eşidir ve A. B. Gültekin, “Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi”, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 652–667, 2025, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1488474.
ISNAD Eşidir, Yusuf - Gültekin, Arzuhan Burcu. “Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket Ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/2 (Mart 2025), 652-667. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1488474.
JAMA Eşidir Y, Gültekin AB. Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2025;8:652–667.
MLA Eşidir, Yusuf ve Arzuhan Burcu Gültekin. “Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket Ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 652-67, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1488474.
Vancouver Eşidir Y, Gültekin AB. Duvar Dolgu Malzemelerinin İnşaat Sektöründeki Pazar Hacminin Tuğla, Briket ve Gaz Beton Özelinde Analizi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata University Journal of The Institute of Science and Techno. 2025;8(2):652-67.

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