Öz
Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi’nde sergilenmekte olan cam pendant 1997 yılında satın alınan ve bulunduğu yer belli olmayan bir eserdir. Sakallı, başında spiral bir bant bulunan bir erkek başının betimlendiği cam pendant, “çubuğa sarma yöntemi” ile üretilmiştir.Söz konusu eserin üretim tekniği ve stilistik özellikleri üzerinde yapılan incelemeler, Fenike’ye özgü sayılan ve Akdeniz coğrafyasında geniş yayılımı olan bir cam yapıtlar grubunun üyesi olduğunu göstermektedir. Söz konusu grubun en erken tarihli olanları İ.Ö. yedinci yüzyıl sonlarına ait bulunmakta, en geç örnekleri ise, İ.Ö. üçüncü yüzyıla dek üretilmektedir. Adı geçen grup eserlerin üretildikleri yer olarak Doğu Akdeniz kıyısı, Fenike gösterilmekle birlikte, yine bir Fenike kolonisi olan Kartaca da olası bir üretim merkezi olarak önerilmektedir.Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi örneği, aynı gruba ait olmak üzere, İ.Ö. beşinci yüzyıl ya da dördüncü yüzyıl başlarında Anadolu kıyılarındaki bir merkeze, o dönemdeki Akdeniz ticareti kapsamında getirilen Fenike kökenli bir yapıt olarak değerlendirilmelidir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cam Camcılık Cam Pendant Anadolu’da Cam Fenike Kartaca Anadolu Fenike Camları Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi Ankara
Kaynakça
- Akurgal 1983 E. Akurgal, Eski İzmir I - Yerleşme Katları ve Athena Tapınağı, Ankara.
- Akurgal 1995 E. Akurgal, Hatti ve Hitit Uygarlıkları, İzmir.
- Akurgal – Cook 1953 J. M. Cook – E. Akurgal, Excavating Old Smyrna, The Illustrated London News, Londra.
- Atlan 1970 S. Atlan, Roma Tarihi’nin Ana Hatları, İstanbul.
- Aubet 1997 M. E. Aubet, The Phoenicians and the West Politics, Colonies and Trade, Cambridge.
- Barag 1975 D. Barag, “Rod-Formed Kohl-Tubes of the Mid-First Millennium B.C.”, JGS XVII, 23-36.
- Barag 1985 D. Barag, Catalogue of Western Asiatic Glass in the British Museum, London.
- Barag 1991 D. Barag, “Glass Inlays in Phoenician Ivories, Glass and Stone Vessels”, Annales du 12e Congres de L’association Internationale pour L’Histoire du Verre, 1-9
- Bass 1967 G. F. Bass, “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck”, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 57, Part 8.
- Boardman 1988 J. Boardman, The Greeks Overseas – Their Early Colonies and Trade, London.
- Canav 1985 Ü. Canav, Türkiye Şişe ve Cam Fabrikaları A.Ş. Cam Eserler Koleksiyonu, İstanbul.
- Erten 2004 E. Erten, “Anadolu’dan Örneklerle Demir Çağı’nda Cam”, OLBA IX, 95-110, Lev. 13-15.
- Goldman 1950 H. Goldman, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus, Vol I / Text, The Hellenistic and Roman Periods, Princeton – New Jersey.
- Goldman 1963 H. Goldman, G. M. A. Hanfmann, E. Porada, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus, The Iron Age, Princeton – New Jersey.
- Goldstein 1979 S. M. Goldstein, Pre-Roman and Early Roman Glass in the Corning Museum of Glass, Corning- New York.
- Grose 1989 D. F. Grose, The Toledo Museum of Art – Early Ancient Glass, New York, Toledo-Ohio.
- JGS Journal of Glass Studies
- Moscati 2004 S. Moscati, Fenikeliler, (Çeviri: Sinem Gül), Ankara.
- Özet 2000 A. Özet, Sparkles from the Deep – Glass Vessels of the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, İstanbul.
- Pulak 1989 C. Pulak, “Uluburun Batığı”, Müze (Museum) I, 67-76.
- Rathje 1976 A. Rathje, “A Group of Phoenician Faience Anthromorphic Perfume Flasks”, Levant – Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem VIII, 96-106.
- Seefried 1976 M. Seefried, “Les Pendantifs en Vere Façonnés sur Noyau du Musée National du Bardo et du Musée National du Carthage”, Karthago – Revue D’Archéologie Africaine XVII, 37-66.
- Seefried 1979 M. Seefried, “Glass Core Pendants found in the Mediterranean Area, JGS XXI, 17-26.
- Spaer 2001 M. Spaer, Ancient Glass in the Israel Museum – Beads and Other Small Objects, Jerusalem.
- Stern 1976 E. Stern, “Phoenician Masks and Pendants”, Paletsine Exploration Quarterly, 109-118, Lev. IX-XI. Stern – Schlick Nolte 1994
- M. Stern – B. Schlick Nolte, Early Glass of the Ancient World 1600
- B.C. – A.D. 50 Ernesto Wolf Collection, Ostfildern-Ruit.
- Tatton-Brown 1981 V. Tatton-Brown, “Rod-formed Glass Pendants and Beads of the 1st Millennium BC” : D. B. Harden, Catalogue of Greek and Roman Glass in the British Museum, London,143-155.
- Tatton-Brown 1985 V. Tatton-Brown, “Appendix 1: Rod-Formed Pendants”: Barag 1985, 115-117.
- Trowbridge 1930 M. L. Trowbridge, Philological Studies in Ancient Glass, University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature XIII, no. 3-4.
- Uberti 1988 M. L. Uberti, “I Vetri”, I Fenici (Direzione Scientifica di Sebatino Moscati, Bompiani.
- Wooley 1938 L. Wooley, “The Excavations at Al Mina Suedia II”, Journal of Hellenic Studies LVIII, 133-170, Lev. X-XV
Öz
The rod formed glass pendant in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara is an example of a type recorded in many centers of the ancient world in the period between the seventh and mid third century B.C. The type is often regarded as Phoenician although Carthage was also suggested as a center of production.The pendant in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations has no recorded findspot. It was purchased by the museum in 1997. It is shaped as the head of a bearded male with a twisted head band. Stylistic classification suggests a fifth or early fouth century B.C. date for the pendant.Phoenician-Carthaginian rod formed glass pendants have a wide distribution along the Mediterranean coast. Except for a glass head pendant from Gözlükule in Tarsus and the bird shaped beads found in the excavations of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, there are a few recorded examples from Asia Minor. There is sufficient archaeological evidence (Uluburun and Gelidonya shipwrecks) for the role of the Asia Minor coast in the Mediterranean sea trade from the Late Bronze Age onwards. The impact of Phoenician culture and language has been documented in many centers in Asia Minor such as Karatepe, Tarsus - Gözlükule, Old Smyrna (Bayraklı) and Ephesus.Although the provenance of the glass pendant in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations is unknown, we may assume that it was imported from the Phoenician coast to a center on the Asia Minor coast in the fifth or early fourth century B.C
Anahtar Kelimeler
Glass Ancient Glass Phoenician Glass Phoenicia Carthage Asia Minor Head Pendant Rod-Formed Head Pendant Museum of Anatolian Civilizations Ankara
Kaynakça
- Akurgal 1983 E. Akurgal, Eski İzmir I - Yerleşme Katları ve Athena Tapınağı, Ankara.
- Akurgal 1995 E. Akurgal, Hatti ve Hitit Uygarlıkları, İzmir.
- Akurgal – Cook 1953 J. M. Cook – E. Akurgal, Excavating Old Smyrna, The Illustrated London News, Londra.
- Atlan 1970 S. Atlan, Roma Tarihi’nin Ana Hatları, İstanbul.
- Aubet 1997 M. E. Aubet, The Phoenicians and the West Politics, Colonies and Trade, Cambridge.
- Barag 1975 D. Barag, “Rod-Formed Kohl-Tubes of the Mid-First Millennium B.C.”, JGS XVII, 23-36.
- Barag 1985 D. Barag, Catalogue of Western Asiatic Glass in the British Museum, London.
- Barag 1991 D. Barag, “Glass Inlays in Phoenician Ivories, Glass and Stone Vessels”, Annales du 12e Congres de L’association Internationale pour L’Histoire du Verre, 1-9
- Bass 1967 G. F. Bass, “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck”, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Vol. 57, Part 8.
- Boardman 1988 J. Boardman, The Greeks Overseas – Their Early Colonies and Trade, London.
- Canav 1985 Ü. Canav, Türkiye Şişe ve Cam Fabrikaları A.Ş. Cam Eserler Koleksiyonu, İstanbul.
- Erten 2004 E. Erten, “Anadolu’dan Örneklerle Demir Çağı’nda Cam”, OLBA IX, 95-110, Lev. 13-15.
- Goldman 1950 H. Goldman, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus, Vol I / Text, The Hellenistic and Roman Periods, Princeton – New Jersey.
- Goldman 1963 H. Goldman, G. M. A. Hanfmann, E. Porada, Excavations at Gözlü Kule, Tarsus, The Iron Age, Princeton – New Jersey.
- Goldstein 1979 S. M. Goldstein, Pre-Roman and Early Roman Glass in the Corning Museum of Glass, Corning- New York.
- Grose 1989 D. F. Grose, The Toledo Museum of Art – Early Ancient Glass, New York, Toledo-Ohio.
- JGS Journal of Glass Studies
- Moscati 2004 S. Moscati, Fenikeliler, (Çeviri: Sinem Gül), Ankara.
- Özet 2000 A. Özet, Sparkles from the Deep – Glass Vessels of the Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology, İstanbul.
- Pulak 1989 C. Pulak, “Uluburun Batığı”, Müze (Museum) I, 67-76.
- Rathje 1976 A. Rathje, “A Group of Phoenician Faience Anthromorphic Perfume Flasks”, Levant – Journal of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem VIII, 96-106.
- Seefried 1976 M. Seefried, “Les Pendantifs en Vere Façonnés sur Noyau du Musée National du Bardo et du Musée National du Carthage”, Karthago – Revue D’Archéologie Africaine XVII, 37-66.
- Seefried 1979 M. Seefried, “Glass Core Pendants found in the Mediterranean Area, JGS XXI, 17-26.
- Spaer 2001 M. Spaer, Ancient Glass in the Israel Museum – Beads and Other Small Objects, Jerusalem.
- Stern 1976 E. Stern, “Phoenician Masks and Pendants”, Paletsine Exploration Quarterly, 109-118, Lev. IX-XI. Stern – Schlick Nolte 1994
- M. Stern – B. Schlick Nolte, Early Glass of the Ancient World 1600
- B.C. – A.D. 50 Ernesto Wolf Collection, Ostfildern-Ruit.
- Tatton-Brown 1981 V. Tatton-Brown, “Rod-formed Glass Pendants and Beads of the 1st Millennium BC” : D. B. Harden, Catalogue of Greek and Roman Glass in the British Museum, London,143-155.
- Tatton-Brown 1985 V. Tatton-Brown, “Appendix 1: Rod-Formed Pendants”: Barag 1985, 115-117.
- Trowbridge 1930 M. L. Trowbridge, Philological Studies in Ancient Glass, University of Illinois Studies in Language and Literature XIII, no. 3-4.
- Uberti 1988 M. L. Uberti, “I Vetri”, I Fenici (Direzione Scientifica di Sebatino Moscati, Bompiani.
- Wooley 1938 L. Wooley, “The Excavations at Al Mina Suedia II”, Journal of Hellenic Studies LVIII, 133-170, Lev. X-XV
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mayıs 2007 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2007 Sayı: 15 |