Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Fruit Yield and Quality in Kiwifruit

Öz

In this research, increasing doses of nitrogen (8-16-24-32 kg N da^-1) and potassium (0-8-16-24-32-40 kg K₂O da^-1) fertilizers were applied to Hayward kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) to determine their effects on the yield and some fruit quality characteristics. Kiwifruit orchard were planted in 2004, the research was started in the vegetation priod of 2015, and was carried out in a randomized block design with 4 replications for two years. In general, the yield decreased with increasing N rates while it increased irregularly with the increasing K rates, and the highest yield was achieved by applying 24 kg of N and 40 kg of K₂O per decare in both years. Nitrogen fertilization provided a somewhat increase in fruit weight in the first year and tended to decrease in the second year. Total antioxidant capacity generally showed a fluctuating trend in the first year and an increasing trend in the second year considering the nitrogen application. With increasing potassium applications,
the total antioxidant activity and vitamin C content of fruits increased up to a certain level and then decreased. Total soluble solids content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA) generally tended to decrease with potassium applications. Although fruit firmness generally varied considerably with nitrogen and potassium applications, higher fruit firmness was observed at higher doses. Nitrogen application generally increased the total phenolic content. When the yield, fruit weight and fruit quality were evaluated together, it was determined that 16 kg N and 32 kg K₂O application
per decare was more appropriate.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Actinidia deliciosa
• Antioxidant capacity
• Phenolic
• Vitamin C.

Azotlu ve Potasyumlu Gübrelemenin Kivi Bitkisinde Verim ve Meyve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Bu araştırmada, artan dozlarda azotlu (8-16-24-32 kg N da^-1) ve potasyumlu (0-8-16-24-32-40 kg K₂O da^-1) gübre uygulamalarının Hayward kivi çeşidinde (Actinidia deliciosa) verim ve bazı meyve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmaya Ordu ilinde, 2004 yılında tesis edilen bir kivi bahçesinde, 2015 vejetasyon periyodunda başlanmış olup, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak iki yıl süre ile yürütülmüştür. Verim genellikle yüksek azot (N) dozları ile azalmış, potasyum (K) dozları ile düzensiz olarak artmıştır. İki yılda da dekara 24 kg N ile 40 kg K₂O uygulanmasından en yüksek verim elde edilmiştir. Azotlu gübreleme birinci yıl meyve ağırlığında bir miktar artış sağlamış ve ikinci yıl azalma eğilimi göstermiştir. Toplam antioksidan kapasitesi azot uygulaması ile birinci yıl genellikle dalgalı ve ikinci yıl artan bir eğilim sergilemiştir. Artan potasyum uygulamaları ile meyvelerin toplam antioksidan aktivitesi ve C vitamini içeriği belirli bir miktara kadar yükselip sonrasında azalmıştır. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) miktarı ile titre edilebilir asitlik (TEA) potasyum uygulamaları ile genellikle azalma eğilimi göstermiştir. Azot ve potasyum uygulamaları ile meyve eti sertliği genellikle çok değişken bir durum göstermekle birlikte, yüksek dozlarda daha yüksek meyve sertliklerine rastlanmıştır. Azot uygulaması toplam fenolik madde içeriğini genellikle artırmıştır. Verim, meyve ağırlığı ve kalitesi birlikte değerlendirildiğinde dekara 16 kg N ve 32 kg K₂O uygulamasının daha uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Actinidia Deliciosa Antioksidan Kapasitesi
• Fenolik
• C Vitamini.

Kaynakça

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