The effect of temperature and host type on development of entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1975) (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae)

Öz

Experiments were conducted at 15, 24 and 30 °C. Late instar larvae of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Achoria grisella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used as host. Every host exposed to 50 infective juveniles of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1975). Results indicate that H. bacteriophora killed all host larvae at these three temperatures. For all host species, host death time was longer at 15 °C than at 24 and 30 °C, whereas there was no significant difference among host death times at 24 and 30 °C. Host species did not change the host death times. Penetration efficiency of H. bacteriophora was affected by temperature and host types. Number of H. bacteriophora penetrated to host larvae was significantly greater at 24 and 30 °C than at 15 °C for all tested host. For all tested temperatures, significantly greater numbers of H. bacteriophora penetrated to the G. mellonella than had A. grisella and E. kuehniella. Temperature significantly affected the time of the emergence of infective juveniles from the host cadaver, but host types are not. For all tested host species the latest emergence was determined at 15 °C. Infective juvenile production was significantly affected by temperature and host species. The highest infective juvenile production was observed at 30 °C in G. mellonella whereas E. kuehniella had the lowest one at 15 °C.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biological control; entomopathogenic nematode; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; host; temperature

Sıcaklık ve konukçu tipinin entomopatojenik nematod Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1975) (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae)’nın gelişimine etkisi

Öz

Denemeler kontrollü koşullarda 15, 24 ve 30 ºC’de yürütülmüştür. Konukçu olarak Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), Achoria grisella (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) ve Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın geç evre larvaları kullanılmıştır. Her konukçu 50 Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar 1975) infektif jüveniline maruz bırakılmıştır. Sonuçlar üç sıcaklıkta da H. bacteriophora’nın bütün konukçu larvalarını öldürdüğünü göstermiştir. Tüm konukçu türleri için, konukçu ölüm süresi 15 ºC’de, 24 ve 30 ºC’den daha uzun olmuş, ancak 24 ve 30 ºC’deki ölüm süreleri arasında önemli bir farklılık belirlenmemiştir. Konukçu türü konukçu ölüm süresini değiştirmemiştir. H. bacteriophora’nın konukçu içerisine giriş gücü, sıcaklık ve konukçu tiplerinden etkilenmiştir. Tüm konukçu türlerinde konukçu içerisine giren H. bacteriophora sayısı 24 ve 30 ºC’de, 15 ºC’ye göre daha fazla olmuştur. Denenen tüm sıcaklık derecelerinde G. mellonella konukçusuna giren H. bacteriophora sayısı A. grisella ve E. kuehniella’ya giren nematod sayısından önemli derecede fazla bulunmuştur. Sıcaklık infektif jüvenillerinin konukçu kadavrasından çıkış sürelerini önemli derecede etkilemiş, ancak konukçu türlerinin bu süre üzerine önemli bir etkisi olmamıştır. Denenen tüm konukçu türlerinde infektif jüveniller en geç 15 ºC’de çıkış yapmışlardır. İnfektif jüvenil üretimi sıcaklık ve konukçu türü tarafından önemli ölçüde etkilenmiştir. En fazla infektif jüvenil üretimi 30 ºC’de G. mellonella larvalarında, en az üretim ise 15 ºC’de E. kuehniella larvalarında olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyolojik kontrol; entomopatojenik nematod; Heterorhabditis bacteriophora; konukçu; sıcaklık

Kaynakça

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