BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 89 - 100, 02.02.2012

İmanverdi Ekberli Nalan Kars

https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89
Cited By: 1

Öz

Kil ve kum bünyeli topraklara artan düzeylerde (0.5 ppb, 1 ppb ve 2 ppb) 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbisit uygulanmasının toprakların katalaz enzim aktivitesi ve reaksiyonunun kinetik parametreleri (Vmax, Km ve Vmax/Km) üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toprakların nem içerikleri deneme süresince her gün tartılarak maksimum su kapasitesinin %40’ı seviyesine tamamlanmıştır. Enzim reaksiyonuna ait kinetik parametreler, denemenin 15., 30., 45., 60., 75., ve 90. günlerinde alınan toprak örneklerinin farklı substrat konsantrasyonlarındaki zamana bağlı katalaz enzim aktiviteleri belirlenerek hesaplanmıştır. Topraklara artan düzeylerde ilave edilen 2,4-D herbisitinin katalaz aktivitesinde meydana getirdiği değişimlerde dozlar arasında farklılıklar bulunmaz iken, inkübasyon dönemleri arasında önemli farklılıklar (%1) saptanmıştır. Her iki toprakta da inkübasyonun 15. gününde en yüksek katalaz aktivitesi seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Kil bünyeli toprakta denemenin 30. gününde, kum bünyeli toprakta ise 45. gününde katalaz aktivitesinde önemli azalmalar meydana gelmiş ve bu dönemlerden sonra katalaz aktivitesindeki değişimler istatistiksel açıdan önemsiz bulunmuştur. Kil bünyeli toprakta Vmax, Km, Vmax/Km parametrelerinin kontrol, 0.5 ppb, 1 ppb ve 2 ppb 2,4-D uygulamaları için ortalama değerleri sırasıyla 0.785, 1.016, 0.923, 0.888 ml O2/gsn, 2.608, 3.464, 2.953, 2.697 ml O2/g, 0.428, 0.410, 0.418, 0.463 1/sn olarak, kum bünyeli toprakta ise 0.201, 0.211, 0.298, 0.232 mlO2/gsn, 0.422, 0.355, 0.629, 0.255 mlO2/g, 0.839, 1.832, 1.103, 1.462 1/sn olarak saptanmıştır.

INVESTIGATION OF CATALASE ACTIVITY AND KINETIC PARAMETERS OF CLAY AND SAND TEXTURED SOILS WITH 2,4-D (Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) HERBICIDE APPLIED

Effects of increasing dose applications (0.5 ppb, 1 ppb and 2 ppb) of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide on changes in catalase enzyme activity and kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km and Vmax/Km) in clay and sand textured soil were investigated depending on substrate concentrations. Moisture contents of the soils were completed to 40% of maximum moisture holding capacity by weighing them daily. Kinetic parameters of enzyme activity were calculated using the enzyme activities in different substrate concentrations of the soil samples taken 15., 30., 45., 60., 75. and 90. days of the experiment. In increasing applications of 2,4-D herbicide, significant differences (%1) were determined among the incubation periods while effect of increasing doses on catalase enzyme activity was not significant. The highest catalase activity in both clay and sand textured soils was determined in 15 days of incubation. Catalase activities in clay and sandy soil decreased after 30 and 45 days of incubation, respectively. After these days, changes in catalase activities were found to be non significant statistically. While the mean values of Vmax, Km, Vmax/Km parameters in control, 0.5 ppb, 1 ppb and 2 ppb 2,4-D applications for clay soil were 0.785, 1.016, 0.923, 0.888 mlO2/g sec, 2.608, 3.464, 2.953, 2.697 mlO2/g, 0.428, 0.410, 0.418, 0.463 1/sec, respectively, these values for sandy soil were determined to be 0.201, 0.211, 0.298, 0.232 mlO2/g sec, 0.422, 0.355, 0.629, 0.255 mlO2/ g, 0.839, 1.832, 1.103, 1.462 1/sec, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kil ve kum bünyeli toprak katalaz aktivitesi 2 4-D herbisiti kinetik parametreler

Kaynakça

  • Atkins, P.W. 1998. Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition. Oxford University Press UK.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Ruhsatlı Bitki Koruma Ürünleri. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, s: 82-93.
  • Aurelia, O. 2009. Study of the effect of some pesticides on soil microorganisms. Proceedings of International Symposia Risk Factors for Environment and Food Safety & Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Environmental Protection, November 6-7, 2009, Oradea. pp. 1086-1089.
  • Beck, T.H. 1971. Die messung der katalasen aktivität von böden. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 130: 68-81.
  • Bending, G.D., Lincoln, S.D., Edmondson, R.N. 2006. Spatial variation in the degradation rate of the pesticides isoproturon, azoxystrobin and diflufenican in soil and its relationship with chemical and microbial properties. Environmental Pollution, 139(2): 279-287.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J. 1951. A recalibration oh hidrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 43: 434-438.
  • Bremner, J.M. 1965. Total nitrogen. In C.A. Black, D.D.Evans, J.L. White, L.E. Ensminger, F.E. Clark (Eds). Method of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy 9, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1149-1176.
  • Brower, C.A., Wilcox, L.V. 1965. Soluble salts. In C.A. Black, D.D.Evans, J.L. White, L.E. Ensminger, F.E. Clark (Eds). Method of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy 9, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 933-951.
  • Chiron, S., Fernandez-Alba, A., Rodriguez, A., GarciaCalvo, E. 2000. Pesticide chemical oxidation: state-ofthe-art. Water Research, 34(2): 366-377.
  • Dalal, R.C. 1985. Distribution, salinity, kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of urease activity in a vertisol profile. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 23(1): 49 – 60.
  • Demirci, F., Elibüyük İ., Ö. 2010. Degradation of pesticides in soil. International Soil Science Congress on “Management of Natural Resources to Sustain Soil Health and Quality”. May 26-28, 2010. Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun-Turkey. pp. 989-998.
  • Ekberli, İ., Kızılkaya, R. 2006. Catalase enzyme and its kinetic parameters in earthworm L.terrestris casts and surrounding soil. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 18(3):2321 - 2328.
  • Ekberli, İ., Kızılkaya, R., Kars, N. 2006. Urease Enzyme and Its Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters in Clay Loam Soil. Asian Journal of Chemistry,18 (4): 3097-3105.
  • Foster, R.K., McKercher, R.B. 1973. Laboratory incubation studies of chlorophe-noxyacetic acids in chernozemic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 5, 333-337.
  • Fuentes, M.S., Benimeli, C.S., Cuozzo, S.A., Amoroso, M.J. 2010. Isolation of pesticide-degrading actinomycetes from a contaminated site: Bacterial growth, removal and dechlorination of organochlorine pesticides. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64(6): 434-441.
  • Gaultier, J., Farenhorst, A., Cathcart, J., Goddard, T. 2008. Degradation of [carboxyl-14C] 2,4-D and [ring-U-14C] 2,4-D in 114 agricultural soils as affected by soil organic carbon content. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(1):217-227.
  • Glinsky, J., Stepniewska, Z., Brzezinska, M. 1986. Characterization of the dehydrogenase and catalase activity of the soils of two natural sites with respect to the soil oxygenation status. Polish Journal of Soil Science 2, 47–52.
  • Haktanır, K. 1989. Pestisitlerin ve ağır metallerin topraktaki biyolojik olaylar üzerine etkileri. Türkiye Çevre Sorunları Vakfı Yayınları, s.5-15, Ankara.
  • Han, S.O., New, P.B. 1994. Effect of water availability on degradation of 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by soil microorganisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26,1689-1697.
  • Harris, G.L., Nicholls, P.H., Bailey, S.W., Howse, K.R., Mason, D.J. 1994. Factors influencing the loss of pesticides in drainage from a cracking clay soil. Journal of Hydrology, 159(1-4): 235-253.
  • Hızalan, E., Ünal, H. 1966. Toprakta önemli kimyasal analizler. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 278: 5-7.
  • Huang, Q., Shindo, H. 2000. Effects of copper on the activity and kinetics of free and immobilized acid phosphatase. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32: 1885–1892.
  • Johnson, W.G., Lavy, T.L., Gbur., E.E. 1995. Sorption, mobility, and degradation of triclopyr and 2,4-D and four soils. Weed Science 43, 678-684.
  • Kızılkaya, R. 2000. The effects of herbicides 2,4-D on total bacteria and Bacillus cereus var.mycoides growth in soil. Proceedings of International Symposium on Desertification. 13-17 June 2000. Konya-Turkey. p. 541-546.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Aşkın, T., Bayraklı, B., Sağlam, M. 2004. Microbiological characteristics of soils contaminated with heavy metals. European Journal of Soil Biology 40, 95-102.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Ekberli, İ. 2008. Determination of the effects of hazelnut husk and tea waste treatments on urease enzyme activity and its kinetics in soil. Turk. J. Agric. For., 32 (4): 299-310.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Ekberli, İ., Kars, N., 2007. Tütün Atığı ve Buğday Samanı Uygulanmış Toprakta Üreaz Aktivitesi ve Kinetiği.Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(3): 186-194.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Kızılgöz, İ., Arcak, S., Kaptan, H., Rakıcıoğlu, S., 1998. Microbiological properties of soils of Harran Plain. M. Şefik Yeşilsoy International Symposium on Arid Region Soil. 21-24 September 1998. Menemen-İzmir-Turkey. p. 569-574.
  • Khaziev F. K. 1982. Ecological researh of soil enzyme activity. Nauka Press, Moscow. 203 pp.
  • Khaziev, F.Kh., Agafarova, Y.M. 1976. Michaelis constant of soil enzymes. Soviet Soil Science, 8: 150-157.
  • Klöpffer, W. 1992. Photochemical degradation of pesticides and other chemicals in the environment: a critical assessment of the state of the art. Science of The Total Environment, 123-124: 145-159.
  • Larsbo, M., Stenström, J., Etana, A., Börjesson, E., Jarvis, N.J. 2009. Herbicide sorption, degradation, and leaching in three Swedish soils under long-term conventional and reduced tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 105(2): 200-208.
  • Lewis, J.A., Papavizas, G.C., Hora, T.S. 1978. Effect of some herbicides on microbial activity in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 10 (2): 137-141.
  • Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M. 2010. Mikroorganizmaların biyolojisi (Çeviri editörü: Cumhur Çökmüş). Palme yayınları: 532: 647-655.
  • Masciandaro, G., Ceccanti, B., Ronchi, V., Bauer, C. 2000. Kinetic parameters of dehydrogenase in the assessment of the response of soil to vermicompost and inorganic fertilisers. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 32:479–483.
  • Mercadier, C., Vega, D., Bastide, J. 1997. Iprodione degradation by isolated soil microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 23(3): 207-215.
  • Nichols, J.R., Grismer, M.E. 1997. Measurement of fracture mechanıcs parameters in silty-clay soils. Soil Science 162, 309-322.
  • Niewiadomska, A., Sawicka A. 2002. Effect of Carbendazim, Imazetapir and Thiram on Nitrogenase Activity, Number of Microorganisms in Soil and Yield of Hybrid Lucerne (Medicago media). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11(6): 737-744.
  • Olson, B.M., Lindwall, C.W. 1991. Soil microbial activity under chemical fallow conditions: effects of 2,4-D and glyphosate. Soil. Biol. Biochem., 23(II): 1071-1075.
  • Ou, L.T., 1984. 2,4-D degradation and 2,4-D degrading microorganisms in soils. Soil Science 137, 100-107.
  • Peech, M. 1965. Hidrogen activity. In C.A. Black, D.D.Evans, J.L. White, L.E. Ensminger, F.E. Clark (Eds). Method of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy 9, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 914-925.
  • Que Hee, S.S., Sutherland, R.G. 1981. The Phenoxyalkanoic Herbicides, Volume I: Chemistry, Analysis, and Environmental Pollution. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 319 pp.
  • Rath, A.K., Ramakrishnan, B., Rath, A.K., Kumaraswamy, S., Bharati, K., Singla, P., Sethunathan, N. 1998. Effect of pesticides on microbial biomass of flooded soil. Chemosphere, 37(4): 661-671.
  • Sannino, F., Gianfreda, L. 2001. Pesticide influence on soil enzymatic activities. Chemosphere, 45: 417-425.
  • Soulas, G. 1982. Mathematical model for microbial degradation of pesticides in the soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 14(2): 107-115.
  • Spark, K.M., Swift R.S. 2002. Effect of Soil Composition and Dissolved Organic Matter on Pesticide Sorption. The Science of the Total Environment, 298: 147–161.
  • Syvestre, G.S., Fournier, J.C. 1979. Effects of pesticides on the soil microflora. Advances in Agronomy.Academic Press. Inc. 31, 63-72.
  • Tabatabi, M.A. 1973. Michaelis constant of urease in soils and soil fraction. Soil Science Society America Proceedings, 37: 707-710.
  • Tabatabi, M.A., Bremner, J.M. 1971. Michaelis constant of soil enzymes. Soil Biol. and Biochem., 3:317-323.
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2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 89 - 100, 02.02.2012

İmanverdi Ekberli Nalan Kars

https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89
Cited By: 1

Öz

Kil ve kum bünyeli topraklara artan düzeylerde (0.5 ppb, 1 ppb ve 2 ppb) 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbisit uygulanmasının toprakların katalaz enzim aktivitesi ve reaksiyonunun kinetik parametreleri (Vmax, Km ve Vüzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Toprakların nem içerikleri deneme süresince her gün tartılarak maksimum su kapasitesinin %40’ı seviyesine tamamlanmıştır. Enzim reaksiyonuna ait kinetik parametreler, denemenin 15., 30., 45., 60., 75., ve 90. günlerinde alınan toprak örneklerinin farklı substrat konsantrasyonlarındaki zamana bağlı katalaz enzim aktiviteleri belirlenerek hesaplanmıştır. Topraklara artan düzeylerde ilave edilen 2,4-D herbisitinin katalaz aktivitesinde meydana getirdiği değişimlerde dozlar arasında farklılıklar bulunmaz iken, inkübasyon dönemleri arasında önemli farklılıklar (P

Anahtar Kelimeler

enzim substrat pestisit inkübasyon kinetik parametreler Michaelis- Menten denklemi

Kaynakça

  • Atkins, P.W. 1998. Physical Chemistry, Sixth Edition. Oxford University Press UK.
  • Anonymous, 2010. Ruhsatlı Bitki Koruma Ürünleri. T.C. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Koruma ve Kontrol Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, s: 82-93.
  • Aurelia, O. 2009. Study of the effect of some pesticides on soil microorganisms. Proceedings of International Symposia Risk Factors for Environment and Food Safety & Natural Resources and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Environmental Protection, November 6-7, 2009, Oradea. pp. 1086-1089.
  • Beck, T.H. 1971. Die messung der katalasen aktivität von böden. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde, 130: 68-81.
  • Bending, G.D., Lincoln, S.D., Edmondson, R.N. 2006. Spatial variation in the degradation rate of the pesticides isoproturon, azoxystrobin and diflufenican in soil and its relationship with chemical and microbial properties. Environmental Pollution, 139(2): 279-287.
  • Bouyoucos, G.J. 1951. A recalibration oh hidrometer method for making mechanical analysis of soil. Agronomy Journal, 43: 434-438.
  • Bremner, J.M. 1965. Total nitrogen. In C.A. Black, D.D.Evans, J.L. White, L.E. Ensminger, F.E. Clark (Eds). Method of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy 9, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 1149-1176.
  • Brower, C.A., Wilcox, L.V. 1965. Soluble salts. In C.A. Black, D.D.Evans, J.L. White, L.E. Ensminger, F.E. Clark (Eds). Method of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy 9, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 933-951.
  • Chiron, S., Fernandez-Alba, A., Rodriguez, A., GarciaCalvo, E. 2000. Pesticide chemical oxidation: state-ofthe-art. Water Research, 34(2): 366-377.
  • Dalal, R.C. 1985. Distribution, salinity, kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of urease activity in a vertisol profile. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 23(1): 49 – 60.
  • Demirci, F., Elibüyük İ., Ö. 2010. Degradation of pesticides in soil. International Soil Science Congress on “Management of Natural Resources to Sustain Soil Health and Quality”. May 26-28, 2010. Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun-Turkey. pp. 989-998.
  • Ekberli, İ., Kızılkaya, R. 2006. Catalase enzyme and its kinetic parameters in earthworm L.terrestris casts and surrounding soil. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 18(3):2321 - 2328.
  • Ekberli, İ., Kızılkaya, R., Kars, N. 2006. Urease Enzyme and Its Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters in Clay Loam Soil. Asian Journal of Chemistry,18 (4): 3097-3105.
  • Foster, R.K., McKercher, R.B. 1973. Laboratory incubation studies of chlorophe-noxyacetic acids in chernozemic soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 5, 333-337.
  • Fuentes, M.S., Benimeli, C.S., Cuozzo, S.A., Amoroso, M.J. 2010. Isolation of pesticide-degrading actinomycetes from a contaminated site: Bacterial growth, removal and dechlorination of organochlorine pesticides. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 64(6): 434-441.
  • Gaultier, J., Farenhorst, A., Cathcart, J., Goddard, T. 2008. Degradation of [carboxyl-14C] 2,4-D and [ring-U-14C] 2,4-D in 114 agricultural soils as affected by soil organic carbon content. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 40(1):217-227.
  • Glinsky, J., Stepniewska, Z., Brzezinska, M. 1986. Characterization of the dehydrogenase and catalase activity of the soils of two natural sites with respect to the soil oxygenation status. Polish Journal of Soil Science 2, 47–52.
  • Haktanır, K. 1989. Pestisitlerin ve ağır metallerin topraktaki biyolojik olaylar üzerine etkileri. Türkiye Çevre Sorunları Vakfı Yayınları, s.5-15, Ankara.
  • Han, S.O., New, P.B. 1994. Effect of water availability on degradation of 2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by soil microorganisms. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26,1689-1697.
  • Harris, G.L., Nicholls, P.H., Bailey, S.W., Howse, K.R., Mason, D.J. 1994. Factors influencing the loss of pesticides in drainage from a cracking clay soil. Journal of Hydrology, 159(1-4): 235-253.
  • Hızalan, E., Ünal, H. 1966. Toprakta önemli kimyasal analizler. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, 278: 5-7.
  • Huang, Q., Shindo, H. 2000. Effects of copper on the activity and kinetics of free and immobilized acid phosphatase. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 32: 1885–1892.
  • Johnson, W.G., Lavy, T.L., Gbur., E.E. 1995. Sorption, mobility, and degradation of triclopyr and 2,4-D and four soils. Weed Science 43, 678-684.
  • Kızılkaya, R. 2000. The effects of herbicides 2,4-D on total bacteria and Bacillus cereus var.mycoides growth in soil. Proceedings of International Symposium on Desertification. 13-17 June 2000. Konya-Turkey. p. 541-546.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Aşkın, T., Bayraklı, B., Sağlam, M. 2004. Microbiological characteristics of soils contaminated with heavy metals. European Journal of Soil Biology 40, 95-102.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Ekberli, İ. 2008. Determination of the effects of hazelnut husk and tea waste treatments on urease enzyme activity and its kinetics in soil. Turk. J. Agric. For., 32 (4): 299-310.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Ekberli, İ., Kars, N., 2007. Tütün Atığı ve Buğday Samanı Uygulanmış Toprakta Üreaz Aktivitesi ve Kinetiği.Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 13(3): 186-194.
  • Kızılkaya, R., Kızılgöz, İ., Arcak, S., Kaptan, H., Rakıcıoğlu, S., 1998. Microbiological properties of soils of Harran Plain. M. Şefik Yeşilsoy International Symposium on Arid Region Soil. 21-24 September 1998. Menemen-İzmir-Turkey. p. 569-574.
  • Khaziev F. K. 1982. Ecological researh of soil enzyme activity. Nauka Press, Moscow. 203 pp.
  • Khaziev, F.Kh., Agafarova, Y.M. 1976. Michaelis constant of soil enzymes. Soviet Soil Science, 8: 150-157.
  • Klöpffer, W. 1992. Photochemical degradation of pesticides and other chemicals in the environment: a critical assessment of the state of the art. Science of The Total Environment, 123-124: 145-159.
  • Larsbo, M., Stenström, J., Etana, A., Börjesson, E., Jarvis, N.J. 2009. Herbicide sorption, degradation, and leaching in three Swedish soils under long-term conventional and reduced tillage. Soil and Tillage Research, 105(2): 200-208.
  • Lewis, J.A., Papavizas, G.C., Hora, T.S. 1978. Effect of some herbicides on microbial activity in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 10 (2): 137-141.
  • Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M. 2010. Mikroorganizmaların biyolojisi (Çeviri editörü: Cumhur Çökmüş). Palme yayınları: 532: 647-655.
  • Masciandaro, G., Ceccanti, B., Ronchi, V., Bauer, C. 2000. Kinetic parameters of dehydrogenase in the assessment of the response of soil to vermicompost and inorganic fertilisers. Biol. Fertil. Soils, 32:479–483.
  • Mercadier, C., Vega, D., Bastide, J. 1997. Iprodione degradation by isolated soil microorganisms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 23(3): 207-215.
  • Nichols, J.R., Grismer, M.E. 1997. Measurement of fracture mechanıcs parameters in silty-clay soils. Soil Science 162, 309-322.
  • Niewiadomska, A., Sawicka A. 2002. Effect of Carbendazim, Imazetapir and Thiram on Nitrogenase Activity, Number of Microorganisms in Soil and Yield of Hybrid Lucerne (Medicago media). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 11(6): 737-744.
  • Olson, B.M., Lindwall, C.W. 1991. Soil microbial activity under chemical fallow conditions: effects of 2,4-D and glyphosate. Soil. Biol. Biochem., 23(II): 1071-1075.
  • Ou, L.T., 1984. 2,4-D degradation and 2,4-D degrading microorganisms in soils. Soil Science 137, 100-107.
  • Peech, M. 1965. Hidrogen activity. In C.A. Black, D.D.Evans, J.L. White, L.E. Ensminger, F.E. Clark (Eds). Method of soil analysis, Part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Agronomy 9, ASA, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, 914-925.
  • Que Hee, S.S., Sutherland, R.G. 1981. The Phenoxyalkanoic Herbicides, Volume I: Chemistry, Analysis, and Environmental Pollution. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida, 319 pp.
  • Rath, A.K., Ramakrishnan, B., Rath, A.K., Kumaraswamy, S., Bharati, K., Singla, P., Sethunathan, N. 1998. Effect of pesticides on microbial biomass of flooded soil. Chemosphere, 37(4): 661-671.
  • Sannino, F., Gianfreda, L. 2001. Pesticide influence on soil enzymatic activities. Chemosphere, 45: 417-425.
  • Soulas, G. 1982. Mathematical model for microbial degradation of pesticides in the soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 14(2): 107-115.
  • Spark, K.M., Swift R.S. 2002. Effect of Soil Composition and Dissolved Organic Matter on Pesticide Sorption. The Science of the Total Environment, 298: 147–161.
  • Syvestre, G.S., Fournier, J.C. 1979. Effects of pesticides on the soil microflora. Advances in Agronomy.Academic Press. Inc. 31, 63-72.
  • Tabatabi, M.A. 1973. Michaelis constant of urease in soils and soil fraction. Soil Science Society America Proceedings, 37: 707-710.
  • Tabatabi, M.A., Bremner, J.M. 1971. Michaelis constant of soil enzymes. Soil Biol. and Biochem., 3:317-323.
  • Tinoco, Jr.I., Sauer, K., Wang J.C. 1995. Physical chemistry: prinsiples and applications in biological sciences, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy, USA, s. 418-456.
  • Trasar-Cepeda, C., Gil-Sotres, F., Leiros, M.C. 2007. Thermodynamic parameters of enzymes in grassland soils from Galicia, NW Spain. Soil Biol. and Biochem., 39: 311-319.
  • Tu, M., Hurd, C., Randall, M.J. 2001. Weed Control Methods Handbook: Tools and Techniques for Use in Natural Areas, Wildland Invasive Species Program, The Nature Conservancy.
  • Walkey, A. 1946. A critical examination of a rapid method for determining organic carbon in soils-effect of variations in degestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Sci., 63: 251-263.
  • Wang, Y., Wu, C., Wang, X., Zhou, S. 2009.The role of humic substances in the anaerobic reductive dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by Comamonas koreensis strain CY01. J. of Hazardous Materials, 164: 941-947.
  • Yurtsever, N. 1984. Deneysel İstatistik Metodlar. T.C. Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı, Köy Hizm. Genel Müd. Yayınları, Ankara
Toplam 55 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme
Yazarlar

İmanverdi Ekberli

Nalan Kars Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Şubat 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ekberli, İ., & Kars, N. (2012). 2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 27(2), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89
AMA Ekberli İ, Kars N. 2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ. ANAJAS. Nisan 2012;27(2):89-100. doi:10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89
Chicago Ekberli, İmanverdi, ve Nalan Kars. “2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 27, sy. 2 (Nisan 2012): 89-100. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89.
EndNote Ekberli İ, Kars N (01 Nisan 2012) 2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 27 2 89–100.
IEEE İ. Ekberli ve N. Kars, “2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ”, ANAJAS, c. 27, sy. 2, ss. 89–100, 2012, doi: 10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89.
ISNAD Ekberli, İmanverdi - Kars, Nalan. “2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 27/2 (Nisan 2012), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89.
JAMA Ekberli İ, Kars N. 2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ. ANAJAS. 2012;27:89–100.
MLA Ekberli, İmanverdi ve Nalan Kars. “2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, 2012, ss. 89-100, doi:10.7161/anajas.2012.272.89.
Vancouver Ekberli İ, Kars N. 2,4-D (Diklorofenoksiasetik Asit) HERBİSİTİ UYGULANAN KİL VE KUM BÜNYELİ TOPRAKTA KATALAZ AKTİVİTESİ VE KİNETİĞİNİN İNCELENMESİ. ANAJAS. 2012;27(2):89-100.

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