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HASSAS UYGULAMALI TARIM TEKNOLOJİSİNE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 110 - 117, 20.11.2005

Mustafa Güler Tekin Kara

Öz

Hassas uygulamalı tarım teknolojisi (Precision Agriculture, PA) tarımsal üretimde kullanılan girdilerin çevreye duyarlı bir şekilde düzenlenmesine olanak tanıyan bir yaklaşımdır. Özellikle küresel konum belirleme sisteminin (GPS) gelişmesine paralel olarak çiftçiler, tarımsal üretimde konumsal farklılıkları göz önüne alarak uygulama yapmanın avantajlarını fark etmeye başlamışlardır. Lokal bazdaki bilgilerin kullanılması ile üretime etki eden faktörlerin mevcut durumuna bağlı olarak değişken düzeylerde gübreleme, ilaçlama, sulama, ekim normu vb. uygulama olanağı ortaya çıkmaktadır. PA yaklaşımının uygulanması ile tarımsal faaliyetler dijital ve bilgi çağına uygun hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada özelikle son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar göz önünde bulundurularak, PA’nın dünyadaki mevcut durumu ve gelişme sürecine genel bir bakış getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

PA GPS CBS Sensör değişken düzeyli uygulama

Kaynakça

  • Adamchuk, V.I., Skotnikov, A.V., Speichinger, J.D., and Kocher, M.F., 2003. Instrumentation system for variable depth tillage. Paper No. 03-1078, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • Ahmad, I.S., Reid, J.F., Noguchi, N., and Hansen, A.C., 1999. Nitrogen sensing for precision agriculture using chlorophyll maps. ASAE paper No. 99-3035, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Anom, S.W., Shibusawa, S., Sasao, A., Sakai, K., Sato, H., Hirako, S., and Blackmore, S., 2000. Soil parameter maps using the real-time spectrophotometer. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Bechdol, M. A., Gualtieri, J. A., Hunt, J. T., Chettri, S. and Garegnani, J. 2000. Hyper spectral imaging: a potential tool for improving weed and herbicide management. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA).
  • Bouwer, H., 2000. Integrated water management: energy issues and challenges. J. Agr. Water Manag. 45;217-228.
  • Chen, F., Kissel, D.E., West, L.T., and Adkins, W., 2000. Estimation of soil clay concentration with ATLAS sensor data. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Christy, C., Drummond, P., Laird, D., 2003. An on- the-go spectral reflectance sensor for soil. Paper No. 03-1044, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • Collins, K., Christy, C., Lund, E., Drummond, P., 2003. Developing an automated soil pH mapping system. Paper No. MC03-205, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • Cox, S., 2002. Information technology: the global key to precision agriculture and sustainability. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 36; 93-111.
  • Daily, G. C., Dasgupta, P., Bolin, B., Crosson, P., Guerny du, J., Ehrlich, P. R., Folke, C., Jansson, A. M., Jansson, B.-O., Kautsky, N., Kinzig, A., Levin, S., Maller, K.G., Andersen, P., Siniscalco, D., and Walker, B., 1998. Food production, population growth, and the environment. Science, 281:1291– 1292.
  • Dan, E., and Margon, M., 2003.The precision- farming guide for agriculturists. John Deere Publishing, One John Deere Place, Moline. 137 pp.
  • Deboer, J.L. and Bangiovanni, R., 2000. Economics of variable rate lime in Indiana. Precision Agriculture, 2 (1): 55-70.
  • Dux, D.L., Strickland, R.M., and Ess, D.R., 1999. Generating field maps from data collected by speech recognition. ASEA Paper No. 99-1099, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Ehlert, D., Schmerler, J., and Voelker, U., 2004. Variable rate nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat based on a crop density sensor. Precision Agriculture, 5:263–273.
  • Ess, D.R., Parsons, S.D., Strickland, R.M., 1997. Evaluation of commercially-available software for grain yield mapping. ASAE Paper No. 97- 1033, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Evans, D.E., Sadler, E.J., Camp, C.R., and Millen, J.A., 2000. Spatial canopy temperature measurements using center pivot mounted IRTs. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Feyaerts, F., and Gool, L.V., 2001. Multi-spectral vision system for weed detection. Pattern Recognition Letters, 22: 667-674.
  • Feyaerts, F., Pollet, P., Gool, L.V., and Wambacq, P., 1998. Sensor for weed detection based on spectral measurements. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 19-22 July, St. Paul, MN, pp. 1537-1548.
  • Gibbons, G., 2000. Turning a farm art into science/an overview of precision farming. URL: http://www.precisionfarming.com.
  • Griepentrog, H.W., and Kyhn, M., 2000. Strategies for site specific fertilization in a highly productive agricultural region. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by P. C. Robert, R. H. Rust and W. E. Larson. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA. Madison, WI, USA).
  • Heiniger, R.W., and Meijer, A.J., 2000. Why variable rate application of lime has increased grower profits and acceptance of precision agriculture in the Southeast. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16- 19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Hemming, J., and Rath, T., 2001. Computer-vision-based weed identification under field conditions using controlled lighting. J.Agric.Engng. Res., 78(3): 233- 243.
  • Hendrickson, L.L., and Han, S., 2000. A reactive nitrogen management system. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Hummel, F.W., Sudduth, K.A., and Hollinger, S.E., 2001. Soil moisture and organic matter prediction of surface and subsurface soil using a NIR sensor. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 32:149- 165.
  • Khalilian, A., Han, Y.J., Dodd, R.B., Sullivan, M.J., Gorucu, S., and Keskin, M., 2002. A Control System for Variable Depth Tillage. Paper No. 02- 1209, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • LaMastus, F. E., Smith, C. M., Shaw, D. R. and King, R. L. 2000. Potential for weed species differentiation using remote sensing. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA) (CD- ROM).
  • Lee, W.S., Slaughter, D.C., and Giles, D.K., 1999. Robotic weed control system for tomatoes. Precision Agriculture, 1:95-113.
  • Leiva, F.R., Morris, J., and Blackmore, B.S., 1997. Precision farming techniques for sustainable agriculture. Proceeding of the 1st European Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by J. V. Straford (BIOS Scientific Publishers Oxford, UK).
  • Medlin, C., Hawkins, S., Morris, K., and Parsons, S. 2003. Variable-rate technologies. http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/ssmc
  • Michels, G.J., Piccinni, G., Rush, C.M., and Fritts, D.A., 2000. Using infrared transducers to sense greenbug infestation in winter wheat. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Mortensen, D.A., Gerhards, R., and Williams, M.M., 2000. Two-year weed seedling population responses to a post-emergent method of site-specific weed management. Precision Agriculture, 2 (3): 247-263.
  • Newman, S.C., and Hummel, J.W., 1999. Soil penetration resistance with moisture correction. ASEA Paper No.99-3028, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St.Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Nordmeyer, H., Hausler, A. and Niemann, P. 1997. Patchy weed control as an approach in precision farming. In: Precision Agriculture 1997. Proceeding of the 1st European Conference on Precision Agriculture, edited by J. V. Stafford (BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK) pp. 307–314.
  • Pelletier, G., and Upadhyaya, S.K., 1999. Development of a tomato load/yield monitor. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 23:103-117.
  • Robert, P.C., Rust, R.H., and Larson, W.E., 1995. Preface. In: Proceedings of site-specific management for agricultural systems. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Robert, P.C., Rust, R.H. and Larson, W.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
  • Robert, P.C., Thompson, W.H., and Fairchild, D., 1991. Soil specific anhydrous ammonia management system. Automated Agriculture for the 21st century proceedings of the 1991 Symposium, 16-17 December 1991, Chicago, Illinois. St.Joseph Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, s.419-426.
  • Roberts, R., English, B., and Mahajanashetti, S., 2001. Environmental and economic effects of spatial variability and weather. In: Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by S. Blackmore and G. Grenier (AGRO, Montpellier, France). pp. 545– 550.
  • Runquist, S, Zhang, N., Taylor, R., 2001. Development a field-level geographic information system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 31, 201-209.
  • Scharf, P.C., and Lory, J.A., 2000. Calibration of remotely sensed corn color to predict nitrogen need. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Schueller, J.K., Whitney, J.D., Wheaton, T.A., Miller, W.M., and Turner, A.E., 1999. Low-cost automatic yield mapping in hand-harvested citrus. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 23:145-153.
  • Searcy, S.W., and Beck, A.D., 2000. Real time assessment of cotton plant height. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Seelan, S.K., Laguette, S., Casady, G.M., and Seielstad, G.A., 2003. Remote sensing applications for precision agriculture: A learning community approach. Remote sensing and Environment, 88:157-169.
  • Shibusawa, S., 1998. Precision farming and terra- mechanics. Fifth ISTVS Asia-Pacific Regional Conference in Korea, October 20-22.
  • Shibusawa, S., Anon, W.S., Sato, H., and Sasao, A., 2000. On-line real time soil spectrophotometer. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Shibusawa, S., IMade Anom, S.W., Hache, C., Sasao, A., and Hirako, S., 2003. Site-specific crop response to temporal trend of soil variability determined by the real-time soil spectrophotometer. In: Stafford, J.,Werner, A. (Eds.), Precision Agriculture. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 639–643.
  • Stafford J V and Ambler B (1994). In-field location using GPS for spatially variable field operations. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 11;23-36.
  • Stafford, J.V., and Bolam, H.C., 1998. Near-ground and aerial radiometer imaging for assess spatial variability in crop production. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, July 19-22, 1998. St. Paul, MN, USA.
  • Stafford, V.J., 2000. Implementing precision agriculture in 21st century. J.Agric.Engng.Res., 76;267-275
  • Sudduth, K.A., Birrell, S.J., Krumpelman, and M.J., 2000. Field evaluation of a corn population sensor. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16 -19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Tian, L., Reid, J., and Hummel, J. 1999. Development of a precision sprayer for site-specific weed management. Transactions of the ASAE 42, 893– 900.
  • Tickell, C., 1999. Water in the 21st century. Landwards 54(2), 2-5.
  • Timmermann, C., Gerhards, R., Krohmann, P., Sokefeld, M. and Kuhbauch, W. 2001. The economical and ecological impact of the site-specific weed control. In: Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by S. Blackmore and G. Grenier (AGRO Montpellier, France), pp. 563– 568.
  • Varner, B. L., Gress, T. A., Copenhaver, K., Wax, L. M., Sprague, C. L. and Tranel, P. J. 2000. Detection of cockleburs (Xanthium strumarium L.) in soybeans using hyper spectral imagery. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA).
  • Wallace, T.P., 1999. Small plot evaluation of an electro- optical cotton yield monitor. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 23:1-8.
  • Walter, J.D., and Backer, L.F., 2003. Sugerbeet yield monitoring for site-specific farming Part I- Laboratory test and preliminary field tests. Precision Agriculture, 4: 421-431.
  • Wang, D., Prato, T., Qiu, Z., and Newell, R., 2003. Economic and environmental evaluation of variable rate nitrogen and lime application for claypan soil fields. Precision Agriculture, 4:35–52.
  • Wang, N., Zhang, N., Dowell, F.E., and Peterson, D.E., 2001. Design of an optical weed sensor using plant spectral characteristics. Transactions of the ASAE 44 (2):409-419.
  • Whelan, B.M., McBratney, A.B., and Boydell, B.C., 1997. The impact of precision agriculture. Proceedings of the ABARE Outlook Conference. ‘The Future of Cropping in NW NSW’, Moree, UK, July 1997, p.5.
  • Whitley, K.M., Davenport, J.R., and Manley, SR., 2000. Differences in nitrate leaching under variable and conventional nitrogen fertilizer management in irrigated potato systems. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture, edited by P. C. Robert, R. H. Rust and W. E. Larson. (ASA-CSSA- SSSA. Madison, WI, USA).
  • Wood, G.A., Taylor, J.C., and Godwin, R.J., 2003. Calibration methodology for mapping within-field crop variability using remote sensing. Biosystems Engineering, 84(4):409-423.
  • Zhang, N., Wang, M., and Wang, N., 2002. Precision agriculture-a worldwide overview. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 36:113-132.

HASSAS UYGULAMALI TARIM TEKNOLOJİSİNE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 110 - 117, 20.11.2005

Mustafa Güler Tekin Kara

Öz

Hassas uygulamalı tarım teknolojisi (Precision Agriculture, PA) tarımsal üretimde kullanılan girdilerin çevreye duyarlı bir şekilde düzenlenmesine olanak tanıyan bir yaklaşımdır. Özellikle küresel konum belirleme sisteminin (GPS) gelişmesine paralel olarak çiftçiler, tarımsal üretimde konumsal farklılıkları göz önüne alarak uygulama yapmanın avantajlarını fark etmeye başlamışlardır. Lokal bazdaki bilgilerin kullanılması ile üretime etki eden faktörlerin mevcut durumuna bağlı olarak değişken düzeylerde gübreleme, ilaçlama, sulama, ekim normu vb. uygulama olanağı ortaya çıkmaktadır. PA yaklaşımının uygulanması ile tarımsal faaliyetler dijital ve bilgi çağına uygun hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada özelikle son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar göz önünde bulundurularak, PA’nın dünyadaki mevcut durumu ve gelişme sürecine genel bir bakış getirilmeye çalışılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

PA GPS CBS Sensör değişken düzeyli uygulama

Kaynakça

  • Adamchuk, V.I., Skotnikov, A.V., Speichinger, J.D., and Kocher, M.F., 2003. Instrumentation system for variable depth tillage. Paper No. 03-1078, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • Ahmad, I.S., Reid, J.F., Noguchi, N., and Hansen, A.C., 1999. Nitrogen sensing for precision agriculture using chlorophyll maps. ASAE paper No. 99-3035, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Anom, S.W., Shibusawa, S., Sasao, A., Sakai, K., Sato, H., Hirako, S., and Blackmore, S., 2000. Soil parameter maps using the real-time spectrophotometer. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Bechdol, M. A., Gualtieri, J. A., Hunt, J. T., Chettri, S. and Garegnani, J. 2000. Hyper spectral imaging: a potential tool for improving weed and herbicide management. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA).
  • Bouwer, H., 2000. Integrated water management: energy issues and challenges. J. Agr. Water Manag. 45;217-228.
  • Chen, F., Kissel, D.E., West, L.T., and Adkins, W., 2000. Estimation of soil clay concentration with ATLAS sensor data. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Christy, C., Drummond, P., Laird, D., 2003. An on- the-go spectral reflectance sensor for soil. Paper No. 03-1044, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • Collins, K., Christy, C., Lund, E., Drummond, P., 2003. Developing an automated soil pH mapping system. Paper No. MC03-205, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • Cox, S., 2002. Information technology: the global key to precision agriculture and sustainability. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 36; 93-111.
  • Daily, G. C., Dasgupta, P., Bolin, B., Crosson, P., Guerny du, J., Ehrlich, P. R., Folke, C., Jansson, A. M., Jansson, B.-O., Kautsky, N., Kinzig, A., Levin, S., Maller, K.G., Andersen, P., Siniscalco, D., and Walker, B., 1998. Food production, population growth, and the environment. Science, 281:1291– 1292.
  • Dan, E., and Margon, M., 2003.The precision- farming guide for agriculturists. John Deere Publishing, One John Deere Place, Moline. 137 pp.
  • Deboer, J.L. and Bangiovanni, R., 2000. Economics of variable rate lime in Indiana. Precision Agriculture, 2 (1): 55-70.
  • Dux, D.L., Strickland, R.M., and Ess, D.R., 1999. Generating field maps from data collected by speech recognition. ASEA Paper No. 99-1099, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Ehlert, D., Schmerler, J., and Voelker, U., 2004. Variable rate nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat based on a crop density sensor. Precision Agriculture, 5:263–273.
  • Ess, D.R., Parsons, S.D., Strickland, R.M., 1997. Evaluation of commercially-available software for grain yield mapping. ASAE Paper No. 97- 1033, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Evans, D.E., Sadler, E.J., Camp, C.R., and Millen, J.A., 2000. Spatial canopy temperature measurements using center pivot mounted IRTs. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Feyaerts, F., and Gool, L.V., 2001. Multi-spectral vision system for weed detection. Pattern Recognition Letters, 22: 667-674.
  • Feyaerts, F., Pollet, P., Gool, L.V., and Wambacq, P., 1998. Sensor for weed detection based on spectral measurements. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, 19-22 July, St. Paul, MN, pp. 1537-1548.
  • Gibbons, G., 2000. Turning a farm art into science/an overview of precision farming. URL: http://www.precisionfarming.com.
  • Griepentrog, H.W., and Kyhn, M., 2000. Strategies for site specific fertilization in a highly productive agricultural region. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by P. C. Robert, R. H. Rust and W. E. Larson. (ASA-CSSA-SSSA. Madison, WI, USA).
  • Heiniger, R.W., and Meijer, A.J., 2000. Why variable rate application of lime has increased grower profits and acceptance of precision agriculture in the Southeast. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16- 19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Hemming, J., and Rath, T., 2001. Computer-vision-based weed identification under field conditions using controlled lighting. J.Agric.Engng. Res., 78(3): 233- 243.
  • Hendrickson, L.L., and Han, S., 2000. A reactive nitrogen management system. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Hummel, F.W., Sudduth, K.A., and Hollinger, S.E., 2001. Soil moisture and organic matter prediction of surface and subsurface soil using a NIR sensor. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 32:149- 165.
  • Khalilian, A., Han, Y.J., Dodd, R.B., Sullivan, M.J., Gorucu, S., and Keskin, M., 2002. A Control System for Variable Depth Tillage. Paper No. 02- 1209, ASAE, St. Joseph, Michigan.
  • LaMastus, F. E., Smith, C. M., Shaw, D. R. and King, R. L. 2000. Potential for weed species differentiation using remote sensing. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA) (CD- ROM).
  • Lee, W.S., Slaughter, D.C., and Giles, D.K., 1999. Robotic weed control system for tomatoes. Precision Agriculture, 1:95-113.
  • Leiva, F.R., Morris, J., and Blackmore, B.S., 1997. Precision farming techniques for sustainable agriculture. Proceeding of the 1st European Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by J. V. Straford (BIOS Scientific Publishers Oxford, UK).
  • Medlin, C., Hawkins, S., Morris, K., and Parsons, S. 2003. Variable-rate technologies. http://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/ssmc
  • Michels, G.J., Piccinni, G., Rush, C.M., and Fritts, D.A., 2000. Using infrared transducers to sense greenbug infestation in winter wheat. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Mortensen, D.A., Gerhards, R., and Williams, M.M., 2000. Two-year weed seedling population responses to a post-emergent method of site-specific weed management. Precision Agriculture, 2 (3): 247-263.
  • Newman, S.C., and Hummel, J.W., 1999. Soil penetration resistance with moisture correction. ASEA Paper No.99-3028, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St.Joseph, MI, USA.
  • Nordmeyer, H., Hausler, A. and Niemann, P. 1997. Patchy weed control as an approach in precision farming. In: Precision Agriculture 1997. Proceeding of the 1st European Conference on Precision Agriculture, edited by J. V. Stafford (BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford, UK) pp. 307–314.
  • Pelletier, G., and Upadhyaya, S.K., 1999. Development of a tomato load/yield monitor. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 23:103-117.
  • Robert, P.C., Rust, R.H., and Larson, W.E., 1995. Preface. In: Proceedings of site-specific management for agricultural systems. Minneapolis, Minnesota, Robert, P.C., Rust, R.H. and Larson, W.E. (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
  • Robert, P.C., Thompson, W.H., and Fairchild, D., 1991. Soil specific anhydrous ammonia management system. Automated Agriculture for the 21st century proceedings of the 1991 Symposium, 16-17 December 1991, Chicago, Illinois. St.Joseph Mich.: American Society of Agricultural Engineers, s.419-426.
  • Roberts, R., English, B., and Mahajanashetti, S., 2001. Environmental and economic effects of spatial variability and weather. In: Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by S. Blackmore and G. Grenier (AGRO, Montpellier, France). pp. 545– 550.
  • Runquist, S, Zhang, N., Taylor, R., 2001. Development a field-level geographic information system. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 31, 201-209.
  • Scharf, P.C., and Lory, J.A., 2000. Calibration of remotely sensed corn color to predict nitrogen need. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Schueller, J.K., Whitney, J.D., Wheaton, T.A., Miller, W.M., and Turner, A.E., 1999. Low-cost automatic yield mapping in hand-harvested citrus. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 23:145-153.
  • Searcy, S.W., and Beck, A.D., 2000. Real time assessment of cotton plant height. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Seelan, S.K., Laguette, S., Casady, G.M., and Seielstad, G.A., 2003. Remote sensing applications for precision agriculture: A learning community approach. Remote sensing and Environment, 88:157-169.
  • Shibusawa, S., 1998. Precision farming and terra- mechanics. Fifth ISTVS Asia-Pacific Regional Conference in Korea, October 20-22.
  • Shibusawa, S., Anon, W.S., Sato, H., and Sasao, A., 2000. On-line real time soil spectrophotometer. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16-19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Shibusawa, S., IMade Anom, S.W., Hache, C., Sasao, A., and Hirako, S., 2003. Site-specific crop response to temporal trend of soil variability determined by the real-time soil spectrophotometer. In: Stafford, J.,Werner, A. (Eds.), Precision Agriculture. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 639–643.
  • Stafford J V and Ambler B (1994). In-field location using GPS for spatially variable field operations. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 11;23-36.
  • Stafford, J.V., and Bolam, H.C., 1998. Near-ground and aerial radiometer imaging for assess spatial variability in crop production. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Precision Agriculture, July 19-22, 1998. St. Paul, MN, USA.
  • Stafford, V.J., 2000. Implementing precision agriculture in 21st century. J.Agric.Engng.Res., 76;267-275
  • Sudduth, K.A., Birrell, S.J., Krumpelman, and M.J., 2000. Field evaluation of a corn population sensor. Proceedings of Fifth International Conference on Precision Agriculture (CD), July 16 -19, 2000. Bloomington, MN, USA.
  • Tian, L., Reid, J., and Hummel, J. 1999. Development of a precision sprayer for site-specific weed management. Transactions of the ASAE 42, 893– 900.
  • Tickell, C., 1999. Water in the 21st century. Landwards 54(2), 2-5.
  • Timmermann, C., Gerhards, R., Krohmann, P., Sokefeld, M. and Kuhbauch, W. 2001. The economical and ecological impact of the site-specific weed control. In: Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Precision Agriculture. Edited by S. Blackmore and G. Grenier (AGRO Montpellier, France), pp. 563– 568.
  • Varner, B. L., Gress, T. A., Copenhaver, K., Wax, L. M., Sprague, C. L. and Tranel, P. J. 2000. Detection of cockleburs (Xanthium strumarium L.) in soybeans using hyper spectral imagery. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture (ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, WI, USA).
  • Wallace, T.P., 1999. Small plot evaluation of an electro- optical cotton yield monitor. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture, 23:1-8.
  • Walter, J.D., and Backer, L.F., 2003. Sugerbeet yield monitoring for site-specific farming Part I- Laboratory test and preliminary field tests. Precision Agriculture, 4: 421-431.
  • Wang, D., Prato, T., Qiu, Z., and Newell, R., 2003. Economic and environmental evaluation of variable rate nitrogen and lime application for claypan soil fields. Precision Agriculture, 4:35–52.
  • Wang, N., Zhang, N., Dowell, F.E., and Peterson, D.E., 2001. Design of an optical weed sensor using plant spectral characteristics. Transactions of the ASAE 44 (2):409-419.
  • Whelan, B.M., McBratney, A.B., and Boydell, B.C., 1997. The impact of precision agriculture. Proceedings of the ABARE Outlook Conference. ‘The Future of Cropping in NW NSW’, Moree, UK, July 1997, p.5.
  • Whitley, K.M., Davenport, J.R., and Manley, SR., 2000. Differences in nitrate leaching under variable and conventional nitrogen fertilizer management in irrigated potato systems. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture, edited by P. C. Robert, R. H. Rust and W. E. Larson. (ASA-CSSA- SSSA. Madison, WI, USA).
  • Wood, G.A., Taylor, J.C., and Godwin, R.J., 2003. Calibration methodology for mapping within-field crop variability using remote sensing. Biosystems Engineering, 84(4):409-423.
  • Zhang, N., Wang, M., and Wang, N., 2002. Precision agriculture-a worldwide overview. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 36:113-132.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil TR
Bölüm Tarım Bilimleri (Agricultural Sciences) Eski Sayılar (Back Issues)
Yazarlar

Mustafa Güler Bu kişi benim

Tekin Kara Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Kasım 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Güler, M., & Kara, T. (2005). HASSAS UYGULAMALI TARIM TEKNOLOJİSİNE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(3), 110-117. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2005.20.3.110-117
 Kapak Resmi İndir
Online ISSN: 1308-8769