Hasandağ Volkanik Materyali Üzerinde Oluşan Toprakların Ayrışma Oranları ve Kütle Dengesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1, 81 - 92, 15.02.2021

Hasan Hüseyin Özaytekin , Mert Dedeoğlu

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.789497

Cited By: 3

Öz

Kayaçların yerkabuğu ile astenosfer arasındaki dolaşımı kayaç döngüsü olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Kayaç ve minerallerde oluşan bu değişim yerkabuğunun şekillenmesinde rol oynayan jeolojik süreçlerdir. Bu nedenle farklı doğal ortamlarda toprak oluşum süreçlerinin belirlenmesi, toprağın daha iyi tanımlanmasını ve anlaşılmasını sağlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, volkanik ana materyal üzerinde oluşmuş dört volkanik toprak profilinde, toprak oluşumundan ve toprak sınıflandırmasından sorumlu fiziksel, kimyasal ve mineralojik özellikleri değerlendirmek ve bu toprakların pedojenik evrimini karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Bu amaçla seçilen 4 toprak profilinden horizon esasına göre alınan örneklerin mineralojik, jeokimyasal ve fizyokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Kimyasal alterasyon indeksi (CIA), Kimyasal Ayrışma İndeksi (CIW), Parker ayrışma İndeksi (WIP) Üretkenlik İndeksi (PI), Plajiyoklaz alterasyon İndeksi (PIA), Bazlar / seskioksit oranı (Baz / R2O3) indeksi kullanılarak pedejenik süreçler ve ayrışma oranları hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca incelenen toprakların pedojenik süreçlerini aydınlatmak amacıyla ana elementlerin kayıp, kazanç ve dönüşümleri Kütle dengesi modeli ile belirlenmiştir. İncelenen tüm profillerde ayrışma indeksi değerleri jeolojik yaş ile uyumlu olarak dağılım göstermiştir. Bu da, söz konusu toprakların zamana bağlı olarak düşük yoğunluklu ayrışma işlemlerine tabi tutulduğunu göstermektedir. Bölgedeki dominat toprak oluşturma süreçleri; : 1. Solumdan bazik katyonlarının ve Al'ın yıkanması ve kaybı, 2. Demir ve alüminyumun kumdan ve silt boyutundaki fraksiyonlardan ikincil kil ve kristalize Fe minerallerine dönüşümü şeklinde gerçekleşmiştir. Pedonlardaki fiziksel, kimyasal ve mineralojik özelliklerin benzer ve sınırlı varyasyonu ve pedonlar arasındaki ayrışma indekslerinin ve kütle dengesi modelinin çok sınırlı varyasyonu, pedonların benzer aşınma seviyelerine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, incelenen alandaki toprak oluşumunu rakım, yöney, yükselti eğimi ve zaman tarafından belirlendiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ayrışma oranı, Hasandağı, Kütle dengesi, Toprak Oluşumu, Volkanik materyal

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

110O301

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, TOVAG 110O301 nolu proje ile TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Weathering rates and mass balance of soils developed on hasandağ volcanic materials

Öz

The circulation of rocks between the earth's crust and the asthenosphere is called the rock cycle. This change in rocks and minerals is the geological processes that play a role in the shaping of the earth's crust. Therefore, the determination of soil formation processes in different natural environments allows soil to be defined better than that. The objectives of the present work were to assess the physical, chemical and mineralogical characteristics and pedolojical processes responsible for soil genesis and soil classification of four volcanic soil profiles derived volcanic parent material and to study and compare the pedogenic evolution of these soils. To achieve this, soil samples were collected from the horizons to investigate their mineralogical, geochemical and physiochemical properties. Chemical alteration Index (CIA), (CIW), Parker weathering, Index (WIP), Product Index (PI), plagioclase Alteration Index (PIA), Bases / sesquioxide Rate (Base/R2O3) are used to compare the pedogenic processes as a case study . The pedogenic processes were also evaluated used to Mass-balance analysis to quantify elemental losses, gains and transformations for soils studied. Weathering index values were distributed in harmony with the geological age in all studied profiles. This shows that the soils in question are subjected to low intensity decomposition processes depending on time. Dominat soil-forming processes include 1. desilication and loss of base cations and Al from the solum, 2. transformation of iron and aluminum from sand and silt-size fractions to secondary clay and crystalline Fe minerals. The similar and limited variation of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties in pedons, and very limited variation of the weathering indexes and mass balance pattern across pedones indicate that pedones have similar levels of weathering. Our results imply that the rate of elemental mass-balance changes is determined by factors influencing its leaching altitude, facing sites, elevational gradient and time in the studied area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hasandağ, Soil formation, Mass balance, Volcanic material, Weathering rates

Proje Numarası

110O301

Kaynakça

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