Fideleme Çeltik Üretiminde Farklı Yetiştirme Ortamlarının Fide Gelişimine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 3, 386 - 397, 12.10.2021

Hasan Akay Dursun Kurt İsmail Sezer Elif Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.908234

Öz

Dünya da iklimsel değişikliklerden dolayı; sulama suyundan tasarruf sağlamak, uzun vejatasyon süresine sahip çeşitler ile birim alan verimini artırmak ve hastalık zararlı mücadelesinde kimyasal girdileri azaltmak amacıyla fideleme ekim yöntemi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Fideleme çeltik üretiminde başarılı olmanın temel unsuru sağlıklı ve kaliteli fide yetiştirmektir. Makineli fideleme için, özel viyol ortamında yetiştiricilik yapılması gereklidir. Viyollerde çeltik fidesi için, bitki besin maddelerince zengin ve ekonomik özel harçların hazırlanması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırmada, 20 farklı harç ortamı ve 3 çeltik çeşidi (Baldo, Vasco ve Tosya Güneşi) kullanılmıştır. 2020 yılında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Tarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezine ait ısıtmasız polietilen serasında, tesadüf parsellerinde 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Fide kalitesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla fideler ekimden itibaren 21 gün sonra fide uzunluğu, fide gövdesi çapı, yaprak sayısı, kök uzunluğu, kök sayısı, toprak üstü ve kök yaş ağırlığı, toprak üstü ve kök kuru madde oranı değerleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, incelenen fide kalite özellikleri üzerine kullanılan farklı ortam haçlarının, çeşitlerin ve ortam x çeşit kombinasyonlarının etkisi istatistiki olarak çok önemli çıkmıştır. Fide uzunluğu 68.39 ile 218.19 mm, yaprak sayısı 2.0 ile 4.0 adet, kök uzunluğu 16.95 ile 98.35 mm, kök sayısı 4.25 ile 10.75 adet, gövde çapı 0.97 ile 2.64 mm, toprak üstü aksam yaş ağırlığı 5.40 ile 131.55 mg, kök yaş ağırlığı 3.03 ile 104.28 mg, toprak üstü aksam kuru madde oranı %5.95 ile 27.42 ve kök kuru madde oranı %1.37 ile 15.13 arasında değişmiştir. Yapılan biplot analiz sonucunda Vasco çeşidi ile 13 ve 18 numaralı ortamlar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Farklı materyaller, ekonomik ve ekolojik bakımdan yetiştirme ortamı olarak değerlendirildiğinde 20 ortam içerisinde en iyi fide kalitesi 13. ortamda ön plana çıkmıştır. Ayrıca 18. ve 19. ortamlar alternatif olarak kullanılabilecektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çeltik kavuz külü, Oryza sativa L., perlit, hayvan gübresi, torf, tütün tozu

The Effect of Different Growing Environments on Seedling Development in Transplanting Paddy Production

Öz

In the world, the seedling planting method comes into prominence to save on irrigation water due to climatic changes, to increase the yield per unit area with lengthy vegetation varieties, and to reduce chemical input in pest and disease control. The basic element of being successful in transplanting paddy production is to grow healthy and quality seedlings. For machine transplanting, it is necessary to grow in a special viol environment. For paddy seedlings in trays, it is required to prepare special mortars rich in plant nutrients and economical. In this research, four replications were carried out in an unheated polyethylene greenhouse of Ondokuz Mayıs University Agricultural Research and Application Center in 2020 with 20 different mortar media and three paddy varieties (Baldo, Vasco and Tosya Güneşi). To determine the seedling quality, seedling length, seedling stem diameter, leaf number, root length, root number, above ground and root wet weight, above ground, and root dry matter ratio values were examined 21 days after planting. According to the research results, the effect of different medium crosses, cultivars, and environment x cultivar combinations used on the seedling quality characteristics was statistically significant. The results showed that seedling length was 68.39-218.19 mm, seedling stem diameter was 0.97-2.64 mm, number of leaves was 2.0-4.0, root length was 16.95 - 98.35, number of roots was 4.25-10.75, shoot wet weight 5.40-131.55 mg, root wet weight 3.03-104.28, shoot dry weight ratio was 5.95-27.42%, and root dry weight ratio was 1.37-15.13%. The biplot analysis results showed that the Vasco variety had the best quality of seedlings in growth media numbers 13 and 18. The evaluation of growth media's quality, economically and ecologically, showed that growth media number 13 was the best media, and media numbers 18 and 19 could be used as alternatives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Oryza sativa L.,, Animal manure, Paddy husk ash,, Peat, Perlite, Tobacco dust

Kaynakça

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