Cetonia aurata L. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Cetoniidae) Gelişimi Üzerinde Cmyclamen coum subsp. cou Miller Bitki Kök Özütlerinin Antifeedant ( İştah kesici) ve Toksik Etkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 2, 243 - 262, 30.06.2022

Ömer Ertürk

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.946161

Öz

Bu araştırmanın odak noktası, köklerin ezilmesiyle elde edilen hamurun (Cyclamen coum subsp. coum Miller) insektisidal etkinliğini değerlendirmek ve toksisite seviyelerine sahip bileşikleri belirlemektir. C. coum kimyasal bileşikleri gaz kromatografisi/kütle spektrometrik (GC/MS) analizleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. C. coum subsp.'nin ham metanolik ekstraktlarının etkisi ile 1, 2 ve 3 instar besleme ve performans üzerine coum root. Cetonia aurata L. larvaları araştırıldı. Kök salçası ile besleme, 8-10 günlük önemli olmayan büyüme sonrasında larvaların %77.77±2.32- 94.13 ±6.45 % ölüm oranı ile sonuçlanmıştır. 20, 40, 80 ve 160 mg/ml kök konsantrasyonu ilave edilmiş ortam içeren kök macunu, larvalara karşı güçlü beslenme önleyici ve toksik aktivite sergilemiştir. 1., 2. ve 3. instar larvaları için 8-10 gün üzerinden hesaplanan antifeedant indeksi 58.86, 54.09'dan 55.78'e ve kök konsantrasyonu 20'den 160 mg / ml'ye yükselmiştir. Son üç konsantrasyon, 20 mg / ml konsantrasyonla 144.16 mg tüketimle beslenmeyi engelledi 3. Inst., 80 mg/ ml konsantrasyonla 45.83 mg tüketim 2. Inst. 20 mg ml konsantrasyon ile sırasıyla 77 mg tüketim ve altında, sadece 160 ekstrakt solüsyonu 1. inst larva için 39.5 ile beslenmeyi engellemiştir. Kök macununun toksisitesi, 20, 40, 80 ve 160 mg / ml konsantrasyonda bitki kökü ham ekstraktını içeren diyetlerle beslenen larvaların yüksek ölüm oranı, düşük büyüme oranları ve düşük ağırlık kazanımı ile kendini
göstermiştir. GC-MS analizine göre, C. coum subsp. coum n-Heksadekanoik asit, (%13.52), Oktadekanoik asit, (%52.09) ve 3.39 2-Amino-9-(3,4-Dıhidroksi-5-Hidroksimetil-Tetrahidro-Furan-2-Yl)- ile alkolik özüt 3.9- (%13.46). Çalışmanın sonuçları, sentetik insektisitlere alternatif olarak kullanılabilecek olası bir doğal pestisit kaynağının potansiyelinin ortaya çıkarılması açısından oldukça önemlidir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

cetonia aurata, cyclamen, Antifeedant, Biyolojik mücadele

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Kaynakça

• Amini, L., 2014. Bazı Cyclamen türlerinde (C. cilicium, C. persicum ve C. hederifolium) anter ve ovül kültürü yöntemlerinin embriyo uyartımına etkileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Adana, s. 57.
• Ahmadbeigi, Z. Saboora A. 2009. Comparison of three methods for saponin extraction from tuber of Cyclamen coum Miller J. Sci. (Al-zahra Univ.), 21 (2), pp. 27-38.
• Abbott, W.S., 1925. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide Journal of Economic Entomology, 18 pp. 265-266. Augustin, J.M., Kuzina, V., Andersen, S.B., Bak, S., 2011. Molecular activities, biosynthesis and evolution of triterpenoid saponins. Phytochemistry, 72: 435-457.
• Agrawal, S., Kelkenberg, M., Begum, K., Steinfeld, L., Williams, C.E., Kramer, K.J., Beeman, R.W., Park, Y., Muthukrishnan, S., Merzendorfer, H., 2014. Two essential peritrophic matrix proteins mediate matrix barrier functions in the insect midgut. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 49, 24–34.
• Akhtar, Y., Isman, M.B., 2004. Comparative growth inhibitory and antifeedant effects of plant extracts and pure allelochemicals on four phytophagous insect species. J Appl Entomol; 128: 32-38.
• Akai, H., Kimura, K., Kiuchi, M., Shibukawa, A., 1984. Effects of anti-juvenoid treatment on cocoon and cocoon filaments in Bombyx mori. J. Sericultural Sci. Jpn. 53, 545–546.
• Altunkeyik, H., Gulcemal, D., Masullo, M., Alankus-Caliskan, O. 3ÕDFHQWH, S.,Karayildirim, T., 2012. Triterpene saponins from Cyclamen hederifolium., Phytochemistry, 73,127-133.
• Benbrook, C.M., Baker, B.P., 2014. Perspective on dietary risk assessment of pesticide residues in organic food Sustainability, 6 (6), pp. 3552-3570, 10.3390/su6063552
• Coscollá, R., 2004. Introducción a la protección integrada Phytoma-España, Valencia, España
• Crosby, D.G.,1966. Natural pest control agents (Ed. Crosby, D.G.). Proceeding of the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. pp 1-16.
• Danıel, J.F.S., Scalco, A.V., de Souza, R.M., Ocampos, F.M.M., Barison, A., Alves, .L.F.A., Neves, P., 2019. Susceptibly of Alphitobius diaperinus to Beauveria bassiana extracts. Nat Prod Res.33(20):3033-3036. ISSN:1478-6427. http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/14786419.2018. 1514396.
• Dikshit, A.A., Naqvi, A., 1986. Husain Schinus molle: a young source of natural fungitoxicant Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 51 (5), pp. 1085-1088.
• Dorow, E., 1993. Present practices of controlling desert locust outbreaks. In: New strategies for locust control. Ed: Rembold, H. ATSAF. Bonn. 89 pp pp 7-8.
• El-Sayed, A.S.A., Moustafa, A.H., Hussein, H.A., El-Sheikh, A.A., El-Shafey, S.N., Fathy, N.A.M., Enan, G.A., 2020.Potential insecticidal activity of Sarocladium strictum, an endophyte of Cynanchum acutum, against Spodoptera littoralis, a polyphagous insect pest. Biocat. Agric. Biotechnol. 24, 101524.
• Endrödi, S., 1956. Entomological Society of London, New Edition, Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, ed. Barnard, P.C. and Askew, R.R., Lemezescsápú Bogarak Lamellicornia, Akademia Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.
• Falodun A., Siraj, R., Choudhary. M.I., 2009. GC – MS analysis of insecticidal leaf essential oil of Pyrenacantha staudtii Hutch and Dalz (Icacinaceae). Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 8: 139 – 143.
• FAO., 1992. Pesticide residues in food. Report no. 116. 146 pp.
• Ferry, N., Edwards, M., Gatehouse, J., Gatehouse, M., 2004. Plant-insect interactions: molecular approaches to insect resistance Curr. Opin. Biotechnol., 15, pp. 155-161.
• Fidan, A.F, Dündar, Y., 2007. Yucca schidigera ve İçerdiği Saponinler ile Fenolik Bileşiklerinin, Hipokolesterolemik ve Antioksidan Etkileri, Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Derg., 47 (2), 31-39.
• Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 2004. Resistance management and integrated parasites control in ruminants/guidelines. In: Module 1-Ticks: Acaricide Resistance, Diagnosis, Management and Prevention. Food and Agriculture Organization, Animal Production and Health Division, Rome.
• Franzen, H., 1993. Need for development of new strategies for locust control. In: New strategies for locust control. Ed: Rembold, H. ATSAF. Bonn. 89 pp. 9-13.
• Grey-Wilson, C.,2002. Cyclamen: A guide for gardeners, horticulturists, and botanists, Pavillion Books Company Ltd. Batsford, s. 224.
• Huerta, A., Chiffelle, I., Puga, K., Azúa, F.J., 2010. Araya Toxicity and repellence of aqueous and ethanolic extracts from Schinus molle on elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola Crop Protect., 29, pp. 1118-1123.
• Howe, G., Jander, G. ,2008. Plant Immunity to Insect Herbivores Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 59, pp. 41-66.
• Isman, M., 2002. Insect antifeedants Pestic. Outlook, 13, pp. 152-157.
• Isman, M., 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated World Annu. Rev. Entomol., 51, pp. 45-66.
• Jacobson, M., 1975a. Insecticides from plants: A review of the literature, 1954-1971. Agricultural Handbook 461, U.S Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C.138 pp.
• Jacobson, M. 1989. Botanical pesticides: past, present and future. pp. 1-10. En: Arnason, J. T., B.J.R. Philogene y P. Morand (eds.). Insecticides of plant origin. ACS Symposium Series 1989. 387 p.
• Jalali, N., Naderi, R., Shahi-Gharahlar, A., Teixeira Da Silva, J. A., 2012. Tissue culture of Cyclamen, Scientia Hort., 137:11-19.
• Jermy, T., 1990. Prospects of antifeedant approach to pest control. A critical review J. Chem. Ecol., 16, pp. 3151-3160
• Karagüzel, Ö., Aydınşakir, K., Kaya, A.S., 2007. Dünyada ve Türkiyede çiçek soğanları sektörünün durumu, Derim, 24 (1):1-10.
• Karolyi, F., Gorb, S.N., Krenn, H.W., 2009. Trapping pollen by the moist mouth: structure and function of the mouthparts in the flower visiting Cetonia aurata (Scarabeidae, Coleoptera). Arthropod Plant Interactions, 3: 1-8.
• Kielczewski, M., Drozdz, B., Nawrot, J., 1979. Badania nad repelentami pokarnowymi trojszka ulca (Tribolium confusum DUV.) Materialy 19. Sesji Nauk. Inst. Ochr. Rorlin, pp. 367-376.
• Küçükkurt, İ., Fidan, A.F., 2008. Saponinler ve Bazı Biyolojik, Kocatepe Vet J., 1, 89-96.
• Lipa, J.J., 1975. An Outline of Insect Pathology. Published for the US Department of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation, Washington D.C., by the Foreign Scientific, Technical and Economic Information Warsaw, Poland.
• Lovett, J.V., Jessop, R.S., 1982. Effects of residues of crop plants on germination and early growth of wheat Aust. J. Agric. Res., 33 pp. 909-916.
• Mammadov, R., 2014. Secondary metabolites in seed plants. Nobel Pres, Ankara-Turkey., pp.93-115.
• Mathew, B., Özhatay, N., 2001. Türkiyenin Cyclamenleri, Türkiyede doğal olarak yetişen Cyclamen türlerinin tanıtım rehberi, Doğal Hayatı Koruma Derneği, İstanbul, s. 32.
• Mihci-Gaidi, G., Pertuit, D., Miyamoto, T., Mirjolet, J.F., Duchamp, O., Mitaine-Offer, A.C. and Lacaille-Dubois, M.A. 2010. Triterpene Saponins from Cyclamen persicum., Natural Product Communications, 5, 1023-1025.
• Miksic, R., 1965. Scarabaeidae Jugoslavije III, Naucno Drustvo Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo, Bosna i Herzegovina.
• N. Yayli, C. Baltaci, A. Zengin, M. Kuçukislamoglu, H. 1998. Genc A triterpenoid saponin from Cyclamen coum. Phytochemistry, 48 (5), pp. 881-884.
• Oerke, E.C., 2006. Crop losses to pests J. Agric. Sci., 144 , pp. 31-43.
• Oerke, E.C., Dehne H.W., 2004 Safeguarding production - losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Prot., 23, pp. 275-285.
• Osborn, AE (2003). Saponin In Cereals Phytochemistry, 62:1-4.
• Paulian, R., Baraud, J., 1982. Faune des Coleopteres de France. II Lucanoidea et Scarabaeoidea. Encyclopedie Entomologique, 43: 1-477.
• Philogène, B.J.R., Regnault-R. C., Vincent, C. (2003). Produits phytosanitaires insecticides d’origine végétale: promesses d’hier et d’aujourd’hui. In Biopesticides d’Origine Végétale, Roger C, Philogène BJR, VincentC (eds). Lavoisier TEC & DOC : Paris ; 1-15.
• Piskunov, S.D., Dolzhikov, A.A., Kalinkin, A.A., 2009. Influence of Sinuforte® in the mucosa of the nasal cavity and maxillary sinus, Russian Rhinology, (4), 7-13.
• Ravi R, Zulkrnin H, Shaida N, Rozhan NN, Yusoff N, et al. 2018. Evaluation of Two Different Solvents for Azolla pinnata Extracts on Chemical Compositions and Larvicidal Activity against Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Chemistry.
• Regnault-R, C., Philogène, B.J.R., Vincent, C., (Eds.) 2005. Biopesticides of Plant Origin., Lavoisier, Paris, France & Intercept, Andover, UK. (Book).
• Rembold H., 1994. Advances in invertebrate reproduction. Elsevier Sceince Publishers. 3: 481-491.
• Rembold, H. ,1984. Secondary plant compounds in insect control with special reference to azadirachtins. Advances in Invertebrate reproduction. 3: 481- 491.
• Resh, V.H., Cardé, R.T., 2003. Encyclopedia of insects. Riddiford LM. Molting. Encyclopedia of insects, 2nd ed.,
• Schmutterrer, H. 1995. The neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and other Meliaceous plants. VCH Publishers, Weinheim, Germany. 696 pp.
• Schoonhoven, L., Jermy, T., Van, J., 1998. Loon Insect-Plant Biology Chapman & Hall, Londres.
• Senthilkumar, G., Madhanraj, P. and Panneerselvam, S. A. 2011. Studies on the compounds and its antifungal potentiality of fungi isolated from paddy field soils of Jenbagapuram Village, Thanjavur District, and South India. Asian J. Pharm. Res. 1, 19–21.
• Serrão, J.E., Cruz-Landim, D.A., Gut, C., 1995 structures in adult workers of necrophorous Neotropical stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). Entomol. Gen., 19, 261–265.
• Silva N. R., Brooker S., Hotez P. J., Montresor A., Engles D., Savioli L., 2003. Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections: Updating the Global Picture. Trends in Parasitology.;19:547–51.
• Smith, A.E., D.M., 1975. Secoy. Forerunners of pesticides in classical Greece and Rome, J.Agric. Food Chem. 23:1050-1055.
• Statistica statsoft Inc. 1997. Statistica release 5.1. Tulsa, OK, USA.
• Thiery, I., Frachon, E., 1997. Identification, isolation, culture and preservation of enthomopathogenic bacteria. In: Lacey LA (ed) Manual of Techniques in Insect Pathology, Academic Press, London, pp. 55-73.
• Thorsten, L., Ulrich, S., Markus, E., Michael, W. F., Andreas, B., 2003. Physicochemical Conditions and Microbial Activities in the Highly Alkaline Gut of the Humus-Feeding Larva of Pachnoda ephippiata (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). And Environmental Microbiology, Nov. 69, 11: p: 6650-6658.
• Tsakas, S., Marmaras, V.J., 2010. Insect immunity and its signalling: an overview. Inv. Surv. J. 7: 228-238. Ware, G.W. 1982. Pesticides: Theory and application. Thompson publications, Fresno, California. 308 pp.
• Vivekanandhan, P., Venkatesan, R., Ramkumar, G., Karthi, S., Senthil-Nathan, S., Shivakumar, M. S., 2018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15, 388.
• Wheeler, D.A., Isman, M.B., Sanchez-Vindas, P.E., Arnason, J.T., 2001. Screening of Costa Rican Trichilia species for biological activity against the larvae of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biochem Syst Ecol; 29: 347-358.
• Wink, M., 2003. Evolution of secondary metabolites from an ecological and molecular phylogenetic perspective Phytochemistry, 64, pp. 3-19.
• Xie, Y.S., Bodnaryk, R.P. Fields, P.G., 1996. A rapid and simple flour-disk bioassay for testing substances active against stored-product insects. Canadian Entomology, 128: 865-875.
• Zeng, C.; Wu, L.; Zhao, Y.; Yun, Y.; Peng, Y. 2018. Tea saponin reduces the damage of Ectropis obliqua to tea crops, and exerts reduced effects on the spiders Ebrechtella tricuspidata and Evarcha albaria compared to chemical insecticides. PeerJ, 6, e4534.
• Zeybek, N. and Zeybek, U. 1994. Pharmaceutical Botany, Ege Univ. Ecz. Fak. Yay. No:2, Bornova-Izmir.