Bakır Uygulamasının Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un Gelişim Süresi, Verim, Eşey Oranı ve Ömür Uzunluğuna Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 2, 291 - 300, 30.06.2022

Nuran Korkmaz Boz , Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.966119

Öz

Bakır uygulamasının Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’un gelişim süresi, verim, eşey oranı ve ömür uzunluğu üzerindeki etkisi laboratuvar koşullarında araştırılmıştır. Son evre Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvaları konukçu olarak kullanılmıştır. Üç farklı konsantrasyonda bakır (50, 100 ve 200 mg kg^-1) konukçu türün yapay besinine ilave  edilmiş ve denemeler bu konukçular üzerinde yetiştirilen parazitoitlerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bakır uygulaması sadece 200 mg kg^-1 konsantrasyonunda bakır içeren grupta bulunan dişilerin gelişim süresinde uzamaya neden olurken, erkeklerde önemli bir etki belirlenmemiştir. Ayrıca, bakır parazitoitlerin verim, eşey oranı ve ömür uzunluğunda önemli herhangi bir
değişikliğe neden olmamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bracon hebetor, Gelişim süresi, Eşey oranı, Ömür uzunluğu, Verim

Determination of the effects of copper treatment on development period, fecundity, sex ratio and longevity of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Öz

The impact of the copper treatment on developmental period, fecundity, sex ratio and longevity of Bracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) was examined under laboratory conditions. Late instar larvae of Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used as host species. Three different concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mg kg^-1) of copper were added to the synthetic diet of host species and parasitoids reared on these hosts were used for the experiments. Treatment with copper prolonged the development period of females at only 200 mg kg^-1 concentration, but no significant effect determined for males. Moreover, copper applications did not make any significant change in fecundity, sex ratio and longevity of parasitoids.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bracon hebetor, Developmental period, Fecundity, Sex ratio, Longevity

Kaynakça

• Al-Misned, F.A.M., 2003. Effect of cadmium on the longevity and fecundity of the blowfly Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, 30(2): 81-84.
• Azam, I., Afsheen, S., Zia, A., Javed, M., Saeed, R., Sarwar, M.K., Munir, B., 2015. Evaluating insects as bioindicators of heavy metal contamination and accumulation near industrial area of Gujrat, Pakistan. BioMed Research International, 1: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/942751.
• Baghban, A., Sendi, J.J., Zibaee, A. and Khosravi, R., 2014. Effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) on feeding indices and energy reserves of the cotton boll worm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 54(4): 368-371. doi: 10.2478/jppr-2014-0055.
• Bronskill, J.K., 1961. A cage to simplify the rearing of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Pyralidae). The Journal of the Lepidopterist’s Society, 15: 102-104.
• Cervera, A., Maymo, A.C., Sendra, M., Martinez-Pardo, R., Garcera, M.D., 2004. Cadmium effects on development and reproduction of Oncopeltus fasciatus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 50: 737-749. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.06.001.
• Cohn, J., Widzowski, D.V., Cory-Slechta, D.A., 1992. Lead retards development of Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 102C (1): 45-49. doi: 10.1016/0742-8413(92)90041-5.
• El-Sheikh, Tarek M.Y., Hassan, M.I., Fouda Abd-Elghaphar, A.A. and Hasaballah, A.I., 2010. Toxicological effects of some heavy metal ions on Culex pipiens L.(Diptera:Culicidae). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 1: 63-76. doi:10.21608/eajbsf.2010.17465.
• Emre, İ., Kayış, T., Coşkun, M., Dursun, O. and Cogun, H.Y., 2013. Changes in antioxidative enzyme activity, glycogen, lipid, protein and malondialdehyde content in cadmium-treated Galleria mellonella larvae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Physiology, Biochemistry and Toxicology, 106(3): 371-377. doi: 10.1603/AN12137.
• Gao, H.H., Zhao, H.Y., Du, C., Deng, M.M., Du, E.X., Hu, Z.Q and Hu, X.S., 2012. Life table evaluation of survival and reproduction of the aphid, Sitobion avenae, exposed to cadmium. Journal of Insect Sciences, 12 (44):44. doi: 10.1673/031.012.4401.
• Gintenreiter, S., Ortel, J., Nopp, H.J., 1993. Bioaccumulation of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc in successive developmental stages of Lymantria dispar L. (Lymantriidae, Lepid) – a life-cycle study. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 25: 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00230711.
• Gündüz, N.E.A. ve Gülel, A., 2005. Ergin yaşı ve konukçu türünün parazitoit Bracon hebetor (say) (Hymenoptera: Braconıdae)’un gelişme süresine etkisi. Ondokuzmayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20 (2): 31-36. https://doi.org/10.7161/anajas.2005.20.2.31-36.
• Gündüz, N.E.A., Mercan, S., Özcan, Ö., 2020. Effect of cadmium and lead on total hemocyte count of Achroia grisella Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (1): 190-194. https://doi.org/10.17714/gumusfenbil.531102.
• Hunter, B.A. ve Johnson, M.S., 1982. Food chain relationships of copper and cadmium in contaminated grassland ecosystems. Oikos, 38 (1): 108-117. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3544572.
• Kazimirova, M., Slovak, M., Manova, A., 1997. Host-parasitoid relationship of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) and Coptera occidentalis (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea: Diapriidae) under host heavy metal stres. European Journal of Entomology, 94 (3): 409-420.
• Li, L., Xuemei, L., Yaping, G., Enbo, M., 2005. Activity of the enzymes of the antioxidative system in cadmiumtreated Oxya chinensis (Orthoptera: Acridoidae). Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 20: 412-416. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.04.001.
• Lindqvist, L. and Block, M., 1997. Influence of life history and sex on metal accumulation in two beetle species (Insecta: Coleoptera). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 58: 518-522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001289900365.
• McGeoch, M. A., 1998. The selection, testing and application of terrestrial insects as bioindicators. Biological Reviews, 73: 181-201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1997.tb00029.x.
• Migula, P., Laszczyca, P., Augustyniak, M., Wilczek, G., Rozpedek, K., Kafel, A., Woloszyn, M., 2004. Antioxidative defence enzymes in beetles from a metal pollution gradient. Biologia, Bratislava. 59(5): 645-654. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228514312.
• Mırčıć, D., Jankovıc-Tomanıc, M., Nenadovıc, V., Franeta, F. and Lazarevıc, J. 2010. The effect of cadmium on the life history traits of Lymantria dispar L. Archives of Biological Sciences Belgrade, 62(4): 1013-1020. doi: 10.2298/ABS1004013M.
• Moe, S.J., Stenseth, N.C., Smith, R.H., 2001. Effects of a toxicant on population growth rates: sublethal and delayed responses in blowfly populations. Functional Ecology, 15: 712-721. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00575.x.
• Nieminen, M., Nuorteva, P., Tulisalo, E., 2001. The effect of metals on the mortality of Parnassium apollo larvae, (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Journal of Insect Conservation, 5: 1-7. doi: http://hdl.handle.net/1975/223.
• Nummelin, M., Lodenius, M., Tulisalo, E., Hirvonen, H., Alanko, T., 2007. Predatory insects as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution. Environmental Pollution, 145: 339-347. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.002.
• Ooik, T., Rantala, M.J., Saloniemi, I., 2007. Diet-mediated effects of heavy metal pollution on growth and immune response in the geometrid moth Epirrita autumnata. Environmental Pollution, 145: 348-354. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.008.
• Ortel, J., 1991. Effects of lead and cadmium on chemical composition and total water content of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 59: 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1991.tb01491.x.
• Ortel, J. and Vogel W.R., 1989. Effects of lead and cadmium on oxygen consumption and life expectancy of the pupal parasitoid, Pimpla turionellae. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 52 (1): 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1989.tb01251.x.
• Safaee, S., Fereidoni, M., Shahri, N.M., Haddad, F., Mirshamsi, O.,2014. Effects of lead on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Periodicum Biologorum, 116 (3): 259-265.
• Sak, O., Uçkan, F. and Ergin, E., 2006. Effects of cypermethrin on total body weight, glycogen,protein and lipid contents of Pimpla turionella (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The Belgian Journal of Zoology, 136: 53-58.
• Schmidt, G.H., Ibrahim, N.M.M., Abdallah, M.D., 1991. Toxicological studies on the long-term effects of heavy metal (Hg, Cd, Pb) in soil on the develoment of Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabr.) (Saltatoria: Acrididae). The Science of the Total Environment, 107: 109-133. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(91)90254-c.
• Singh, D. ve Bhupinderjit, K.H., 2017. Effect of cadmium chloride on the development of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and its importance to postmortem interval estimate. Journal of Forensic Sciences and Criminal Investigation, 3 (5): 1-6. doi: 10.19080/JFSCI.2017.03.555622.
• Sivapalan, P. ve Gnanapragasam, N.C., 1980. Influence of copper on the development and adult emergence of Homona coffearia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) reared in vitro. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 28 (1): 59-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.1980.tb02988.x.
• Stork, N.E., 2018. How many species of insects and other terrestrial arthropods are there on earth?. Annual Review of Entomology, 63: 31-45. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348.
• Suganya, M., Karthi, S. and Shivakumar, M.S., 2016. Effect of cadmium and lead exposure on tissue specific antioxidant response in Spodoptera litura. Free Radicals and Antioxidants, 6(1): 90-100. doi: 10.5530/fra.2016.1.11.
• Sun, H.X., Dang, Z., Xia, Q., Tang, W.C., Zhang, G.R., 2011. The effect of dietary nickel on the immune responses of Spodoptera litura Fabricius larvae. Journal of Insect Physiology, 57: 954-961. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2011.04.008.
• Wu, G. Ye, G. Hu, C. and Cheng, J., 2006. Accumulation of cadmium and its effects on growth, development and hemolymph biochemical compositions in Boettcherisca peregrina larvae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Insect Science, 13: 31-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2006.00065.x.
• Ye, G.Y., Dong, S.Z., Dong, H., Hu, C., Shen, Z.C., Cheng, J.A., 2009. Effects of host (Boettcherisca peregrina) copper exposure on development, reproduction and vitellogenesis of the ectoparasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. Insect Science, 16: 43-50. doi. 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2009.00252.x.
• Yılmaz, Y., Gündüz, N.E.A., 2021. Kadmiyumun küçük balmumu güvesi larvalarında protein, lipit ve karbohidrat miktarları ile etkileşimi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 36: 326-333. doi:10.7161/omuanajas.886642.
• Zelenayora, E., 1986. Scotia segetum (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) oogenesis affected by copper ions added to semisynthetic diet of larvae. Biologia, 41: 563-577.