Farklı Gübreleme Oranlarının Kuraklık-tuzluluk Stresi Koşullarında Tatlı Mısırın Verim, Bitki Su Tüketimi ve Su Kullanım Verimliliğinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 3, 649 - 665, 30.10.2024

Mehmet Kiremit

https://doi.org/10.7161/omuanajas.1516821

Öz

Bu çalışmada üç gübreleme (N-P2O5-K2O) oranı (F1:240-100-120 kg ha-1, F2: 192-80-96 kg ha-1, F3:154-64-77 kg ha-1) ile birlikte dört sulama uygulamasının (Kontrol: C, tarla kapasitesinin %100’ü kadar sulanmıştır, Kuraklık: D, C konusun %60’ı kadar sulanmıştır, Tuzlu: S, tarla kapasitesinin %100’ü kadar sulanmıştır, Kuraklık ve Tuzlu: S konusunun %60’ı kadar sulanmıştır) tatlı mısırın verim, bitki su tüketimi (ET), su kullanım verimliliği (WUE) ve gövde yaş-kuru ağırlıkları üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, D, S ve D+S uygulamalarında tane veriminin C uygulamasına göre sırasıyla %24.2, %46.6 ve %62.2 oranında azaldığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, F3 koşulunda tane verimi F1 koşuluna kıyasla %45.3 oranında azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte, en yüksek ET (330.7 mm) ve verim (74.0 g) F1×C konusundan elde edilmiştir. F2 ve F3 uygulamaları, F1 uygulamasına kıyasla WUE' yi sırasıyla %17.9 ve %31.5 oranında azaltmıştır. Tüm gübreleme koşulları altında verim, ET, WUE ve sürgün taze-kuru ağırlıklarında en yüksek azalma D+S sulama uygulamasında bulunmuştur. En uzun bitkiler F1×C uygulamasında gözlenmiş olup, F1×(D+S), F2×(D+S) ve F3×(D+S) uygulamalarındaki bitkilerden sırasıyla %24.0, %33.5 ve %43.2 daha uzun olmuştur. F3 koşullarında, tatlı mısır bitkisinin tek başına veya birlikte tuzluluk ve kuraklık stresine maruz bırakılması, bitkinin büyüme yeteneğini önemli ölçüde bozduğundan, tarımsal açıdan ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir bir yetiştirme yöntemi değildir. Sonuç olarak, tatlı mısır bitkilerinin tek başına veya kombine kuraklık-tuzluluk stresi altında yetiştirilmesi, dane verimindeki yüksek düşüş nedeniyle önerilmemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tane verimi, sulama, gübreleme, Zea mays var. saccharate, su-tuz stresi.

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma etik kurul onayı gerektirmez.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir kurumdan maddi destek almamıştır.

Comparison of Different Fertilization Rates on Yield, Evapotranspiration, and Water Use Efficiency of Sweet Corn under Drought-salinity Stresses

Öz

The present study investigated the effects of three fertilization (N-P2O5-K2O) rates (F1: 240-100-120 kg ha-1, F2: 192-80-96 kg ha-1, F3: 154-64-77 kg ha-1) coupled with four irrigation practices (Control: C, irrigated at the 100% field capacity, Drought: D, irrigated 60% of C, Saline: S, irrigated at the 100% field capacity, Drought and saline: D+S, irrigated 60% of S) on sweet corn yield, evapotranspiration (ET), water use efficiency (WUE), and shoot fresh-dry weights. The obtained results depicted that the grain yield at D, S, and D+S treatments decreased by 24.2%, 46.6%, and 62.0%, respectively, relative to the C treatment. Moreover, grain yield at the F3 condition was reduced by 45.3% compared to the F1 condition. Additionally, the highest ET (330.7 mm) and yield (74.0 g) was achieved with F1×C treatment. The F2 and F3 treatments reduced WUE by 17.9% and 31.5%, respectively, compared to the F1 treatment. The highest reduction in yield, ET, WUE, and shoot fresh-dry weights was found at D+S irrigation treatment under all fertilization conditions. The tallest plants were observed in the F1×C treatment, being 24.0%, 33.5%, and 43.2% taller than plants in the F1×(D+S), F2×(D+S), and F3×(D+S) treatments, respectively. Under F3 conditions, exposing sweet corn plants to single or combined salinity and drought stress remarkably degraded the growth ability of the plants, and therefore, it is not economical and sustainable cultivation for agriculture. Finally, cultivation of sweet corn plants under individual or combined drought-salinity stress is not recommended due to the high reduction in grain yield.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grain yield, irrigation, fertilization, Zea mays var. saccharate, water-salt stress.

Etik Beyan

This study does not require approval from the ethics committee.

Destekleyen Kurum

This study did not receive financial support from any institute.

Kaynakça

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