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Sufi Geleneğinde Hikmat Kavramı: Hoca Ahmed Yasavi'nin Divān-i Hikmat'ı Üzerine Kısa Bir değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 59 , 687 - 698 , 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1764392
https://izlik.org/JA75ML36TD

Öz

Bu makale, İslam tarihinde ifade edilen bilgelik (ḥikma) kavramının genel anlamını araştırmakta ve Hoca Ahmed Yasavî'nin şiirsel Bilgelik Özeti (Divān-i Ḥikmat) adlı eserini örnek olarak ele almaktadır. Yasawī, Selçuklu İmparatorluğu'nun altın çağında (yaklaşık 1100-1200 CE) Orta Asya'nın dini ve kültürel manzarasında önemli bir Sufi evliyasıydı. Yasawī'nin şiirleri ve öğretileri, Türk Müslüman topluluklarının manevi hayal gücünde günümüze kadar yankı bulan yaşanmış bir dini deneyimi çağrıştırır. Kişiliği gibi, hikmat'ı da bölgenin İslamlaşmasında önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Hoca Yasavî'nin Divânı, genel olarak Hanefi-Maturidi ilahiyat söylemine gömülüdür, ancak inananlara sunabileceği çok daha fazlası vardır. Her bölüm, bütünsel anlamıyla bilgelik içeren bir hikmet olarak kabul edilir. Divân'ın Orta Asya'da birçok versiyonu vardır ve DeWeese (2013) tarafından da belirtildiği gibi, sözlü geleneğin bir parçası olarak günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Eser, biyografik temalar, Parisinate Sufizminin yüksek terimleri, zikirler ve anekdotik diyaloglar arasında uzanır (Yesevî 2017). Bu nedenle, Yasawī'nin Orta Asya yaylalarına katkısı, doktrinsel üstünlükçülüğü aşar ve kendini sorgulamaya ve alçakgönüllülüğe davet eder. Bu makale, ḥikma (bilgelik) kavramını geniş anlamıyla ele alır ve sözlü gelenek olarak Khoja Yasawī'nin Divān'ına, onun münzevi disiplinine, etik odak noktasına ve tarihsel bağlamındaki varoluş biçimine odaklanır. Bu makale, Sufi metafiziğinde hikma'nın dini önemini araştırmakla kalmaz, aynı zamanda Yasawī'nin hikma'sının şiirlerine nasıl yansıdığını inceleyerek, Yasawī tarikatının Orta Asya Sufi geleneğinde dini fikirlerin ve ilahi sevginin nasıl bir araya geldiğine dair ayrıntılı bir anlayış sunar.

Kaynakça

  • Akyiğit, Handan. “Ahmed Yesevî’nin Düşünce Sisteminde Hoşgörü ve Kültürel Çoğulculuk.” Erdem, December 20, 2020, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.32704/erdem.838405.
  • Ataman, Kemal Yavuz. “Ahmed Yesevi and Global Wisdom.” Afro Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 46–60. https://doi.org/10.33722/afes.1093015.
  • Beben, Daniel. “Aḥmad Yasavī and the Ismāʿīlīs of Badakhshān: Towards a New Social History of Sufi-Shīʿī Relations in Central Asia.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 63, no. 5–6 (November 11, 2020): 643–81. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341523.
  • Braune, Simon M. “Islam as Practiced by the Kazaks: A Bibliography for Scholars.” Middle East Librarians Association, no. 78 (2005): 1–17.
  • DeWeese, Devin. “Ahmad Yasavi and the Divan-i Hikmat in Soviet Scholarship.” In The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies, edited by Michael Kemper, 1. issued in paperback. Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series 25. London: Routledge, 2013.
  • ———. “Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi as an Islamising Saint: Rethinking the Role of Sufi s in the Islamisation of the Turks of Central Asia.” In Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History, edited by A. C. S. Peacock. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017.
  • Eraslan, Kemal. “Ahmed Yesevî.” In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları. Accessed October 4, 2025. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ahmed-yesevi.
  • Harris, Rachel. “Text and Performance in the Hikmät of Khoja Ahmad Yasawi.” Rast Müzikoloji Dergisi 7, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 2152–68. https://doi.org/10.12975/pp2152-2168.
  • Kaymaz, Zekı̇. “Divân-I Hikmet Te Atasözleri Ve Kullaniliş Özellikleri.” Turk Dunyasi Dergisi, no. 46 (October 30, 2018): 159–71. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2018.84.
  • Köprülü, Mehmed Fuad. Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff. Routledge Sufi Series. London: Routledge New York, 2006.
  • Lenz-Raymann, Kathrin. Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle: Counter-Terrorism and Freedom of Religion in Central Asia. Global, Local Islam. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2014.
  • Mustafayeva, Anar, Yktiyar Paltore, Meruyert Pernekulova, and Issakhanova Meirim. “Islamic Higher Education as a Part of Kazakhs’ Cultural Revival.” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 10, no. 3 (July 21, 2023): 103–27. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1515.
  • Peacock, Andrew A.C.S. Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108582124.
  • Sambetov, Zhanbolat. “Kazakistan’ın Sosyal, Kültürel ve Siyasi Hayatında Yeseviliğin Etkileri.” Süleyman Demirel University, 2022.
  • Yesevî, Hoca Ahmed. Dîvân-ı Hikmet. Edited by Mustafa Tatcı. 29. Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi, 2017.

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 59 , 687 - 698 , 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1764392
https://izlik.org/JA75ML36TD

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akyiğit, Handan. “Ahmed Yesevî’nin Düşünce Sisteminde Hoşgörü ve Kültürel Çoğulculuk.” Erdem, December 20, 2020, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.32704/erdem.838405.
  • Ataman, Kemal Yavuz. “Ahmed Yesevi and Global Wisdom.” Afro Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 46–60. https://doi.org/10.33722/afes.1093015.
  • Beben, Daniel. “Aḥmad Yasavī and the Ismāʿīlīs of Badakhshān: Towards a New Social History of Sufi-Shīʿī Relations in Central Asia.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 63, no. 5–6 (November 11, 2020): 643–81. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341523.
  • Braune, Simon M. “Islam as Practiced by the Kazaks: A Bibliography for Scholars.” Middle East Librarians Association, no. 78 (2005): 1–17.
  • DeWeese, Devin. “Ahmad Yasavi and the Divan-i Hikmat in Soviet Scholarship.” In The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies, edited by Michael Kemper, 1. issued in paperback. Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series 25. London: Routledge, 2013.
  • ———. “Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi as an Islamising Saint: Rethinking the Role of Sufi s in the Islamisation of the Turks of Central Asia.” In Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History, edited by A. C. S. Peacock. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017.
  • Eraslan, Kemal. “Ahmed Yesevî.” In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları. Accessed October 4, 2025. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ahmed-yesevi.
  • Harris, Rachel. “Text and Performance in the Hikmät of Khoja Ahmad Yasawi.” Rast Müzikoloji Dergisi 7, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 2152–68. https://doi.org/10.12975/pp2152-2168.
  • Kaymaz, Zekı̇. “Divân-I Hikmet Te Atasözleri Ve Kullaniliş Özellikleri.” Turk Dunyasi Dergisi, no. 46 (October 30, 2018): 159–71. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2018.84.
  • Köprülü, Mehmed Fuad. Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff. Routledge Sufi Series. London: Routledge New York, 2006.
  • Lenz-Raymann, Kathrin. Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle: Counter-Terrorism and Freedom of Religion in Central Asia. Global, Local Islam. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2014.
  • Mustafayeva, Anar, Yktiyar Paltore, Meruyert Pernekulova, and Issakhanova Meirim. “Islamic Higher Education as a Part of Kazakhs’ Cultural Revival.” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 10, no. 3 (July 21, 2023): 103–27. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1515.
  • Peacock, Andrew A.C.S. Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108582124.
  • Sambetov, Zhanbolat. “Kazakistan’ın Sosyal, Kültürel ve Siyasi Hayatında Yeseviliğin Etkileri.” Süleyman Demirel University, 2022.
  • Yesevî, Hoca Ahmed. Dîvân-ı Hikmet. Edited by Mustafa Tatcı. 29. Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi, 2017.

The Concept Of Ḥikma in Sufi Lore: A Brief Case Study of Khoja Aḥmad Yasawi’s Divān-ı Ḥikmat

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 59 , 687 - 698 , 29.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1764392
https://izlik.org/JA75ML36TD

Öz

This paper investigates the broad idea of wisdom (ḥikma) as articulated in Islamic history and considers the poetic Compendium of Wisdom (Divān-i Ḥikmat) of Khoja Aḥmad Yasawī as its case study. Yasawī was a seminal Sufi saint in the religious and cultural landscape of Central Asia during the heyday of the Seljuk Empire (circa 1100-1200 CE). Yasawī’s poetry and teachings evoke a lived religious experience that echoes in the spiritual imagination of Turkic Muslim communities to this very day. Like his person, his hikmat also played a crucial role in the Islamization of the region. Khoja Yasawī’s Divān is embedded in Hanafi-Māturīdi scholastic discourse at large, yet it has much more to offer a believer. Each part is considered a hikmät that contains wisdom in its holistic sense. The Divān has many versions stretched across Central Asia and remained part of oral tradition, as noted by DeWeese (2013). The work stretches between biographical themes, high terms of Parisinate Sufism, zikrs, and anecdotal dialogue (Yesevî 2017). Therefore, Yasawī’s contribution to the Central Asian highlands transcends doctrinal supersessionism and has an invitation to self-inquiry and humility. The paper explores ḥikma (wisdom) in a broad sense, focusing on Khoja Yasawī’s Divān as an oral tradition and on his ascetic discipline, ethical focus, and way of being within his historical context. This paper not only explores the religious importance of ḥikma within Sufi metaphysics but also looks at how Yasawī’s ḥikma is reflected in his poetry, providing a detailed understanding of how religious ideas and love for the divine come together in the Central Asian Sufi tradition of the Yasawī order.

Etik Beyan

This study is a revised and expanded version of a paper aimed for the international symposium titled “Yasavi’s Heritage in the Dialogue of Time and Culture: Humanitarian Guidelines and Challenges of Modernity,” held in Turkestan on 15–16 May 2025 under the auspices of the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It has not yet been published.

Kaynakça

  • Akyiğit, Handan. “Ahmed Yesevî’nin Düşünce Sisteminde Hoşgörü ve Kültürel Çoğulculuk.” Erdem, December 20, 2020, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.32704/erdem.838405.
  • Ataman, Kemal Yavuz. “Ahmed Yesevi and Global Wisdom.” Afro Eurasian Studies 9, no. 1 (April 13, 2022): 46–60. https://doi.org/10.33722/afes.1093015.
  • Beben, Daniel. “Aḥmad Yasavī and the Ismāʿīlīs of Badakhshān: Towards a New Social History of Sufi-Shīʿī Relations in Central Asia.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 63, no. 5–6 (November 11, 2020): 643–81. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341523.
  • Braune, Simon M. “Islam as Practiced by the Kazaks: A Bibliography for Scholars.” Middle East Librarians Association, no. 78 (2005): 1–17.
  • DeWeese, Devin. “Ahmad Yasavi and the Divan-i Hikmat in Soviet Scholarship.” In The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies, edited by Michael Kemper, 1. issued in paperback. Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series 25. London: Routledge, 2013.
  • ———. “Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi as an Islamising Saint: Rethinking the Role of Sufi s in the Islamisation of the Turks of Central Asia.” In Islamisation: Comparative Perspectives from History, edited by A. C. S. Peacock. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2017.
  • Eraslan, Kemal. “Ahmed Yesevî.” In TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi. Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları. Accessed October 4, 2025. https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ahmed-yesevi.
  • Harris, Rachel. “Text and Performance in the Hikmät of Khoja Ahmad Yasawi.” Rast Müzikoloji Dergisi 7, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 2152–68. https://doi.org/10.12975/pp2152-2168.
  • Kaymaz, Zekı̇. “Divân-I Hikmet Te Atasözleri Ve Kullaniliş Özellikleri.” Turk Dunyasi Dergisi, no. 46 (October 30, 2018): 159–71. https://doi.org/10.24155/tdk.2018.84.
  • Köprülü, Mehmed Fuad. Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff. Routledge Sufi Series. London: Routledge New York, 2006.
  • Lenz-Raymann, Kathrin. Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle: Counter-Terrorism and Freedom of Religion in Central Asia. Global, Local Islam. Bielefeld: Transcript, 2014.
  • Mustafayeva, Anar, Yktiyar Paltore, Meruyert Pernekulova, and Issakhanova Meirim. “Islamic Higher Education as a Part of Kazakhs’ Cultural Revival.” Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 10, no. 3 (July 21, 2023): 103–27. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/1515.
  • Peacock, Andrew A.C.S. Islam, Literature and Society in Mongol Anatolia. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108582124.
  • Sambetov, Zhanbolat. “Kazakistan’ın Sosyal, Kültürel ve Siyasi Hayatında Yeseviliğin Etkileri.” Süleyman Demirel University, 2022.
  • Yesevî, Hoca Ahmed. Dîvân-ı Hikmet. Edited by Mustafa Tatcı. 29. Ankara: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Uluslararası Türk-Kazak Üniversitesi, 2017.
Toplam 15 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kelam, Tasavvuf
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Abdul Basit Zafar 0000-0003-0840-5865

Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 20 Ekim 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2025
DOI https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1764392
IZ https://izlik.org/JA75ML36TD
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 59

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Zafar, Abdul Basit. “The Concept Of Ḥikma in Sufi Lore: A Brief Case Study of Khoja Aḥmad Yasawi’s Divān-ı Ḥikmat”. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 59 (01 Aralık 2025): 687-698. https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1764392.