İslâm Hukûku İslâm Medeniyeti'nin Gerilemesine Sebep Oldu Mu?

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 53, 595 - 616, 30.12.2022

Ahmet Topal

https://doi.org/10.17120/omuifd.1175270

Cited By: 2

Öz

İslâm medeniyeti neden gerilemiştir sorusu ve bu soruya cevap vermek üzere ortaya atılan teoriler, İslâmî çalışmalar alanında önemli bir tartışma alanı oluşturmuştur. Bu makale, bu meseleyi ele alan bir teoriyi incelemeye tabi tutmaktadır. Bu teoriye göre yaşamın her yanını kuşatan İslâm hukuku, İslâm Medeniyeti’nin gerilemesinin ve bir daha dirilişe geçememesinin başlıca sebeplerinden biri olarak görülmektedir. Saunders tarafından sunulan bu hipotezin doğruluğunu ölçmek üzere, bu makale ilgili literatürü analiz etmektedir ve bu iddianın, 18.-19. y.y.’larda yaşamış oryantalistlerin birçok eleştiri almış olan ön kabullerine dayandığını tespit etmektedir. İlâveten, ve daha da önemlisi, bu teorinin kendi içinde çelişik olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çünkü eğer İslâm hukûku, İslâm medeniyetinin gerilemesinin ve takrar ayağa kalkamamasının sebebi olsaydı, onun ilk defa yükselişe geçmesine de izin vermezdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İslam Hukuku, İslam Medeniyeti, Oryantalism, İslamofobi, İslâm’ın gerilemesi, Sekülarizm.

Did Islamic Law Cause Islamic Civilization to Decline?

Öz

The question of why Islamic ‘civilization’ declined, and the theories proposed to provide an answer to that question constitute a significant topic of discussion within the field of Islamic studies. This paper focuses on one of the theories advanced to deal with this important question, a theory which claims that ‘the all-embracing Islamic law was one of the primary causes behind Islamic civilization’s decline and its inability to revive’. In an effort to scrutinize the integrity of this theory as it is presented by Saunders, the present work analyzes relevant literature. This paper finds that such a theory relies heavily on certain assumptions of 18th and 19th century Orientalists. Most importantly, it argues that such a theory is self-contradictory because if it was Islamic law that caused the decline of Islamic ‘civilization,’ it could have not allowed it to rise in the first place.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Islamic law (sharīʿa), Islamic civilization, orientalism, and Islamophobia, Islamic decadence, Secularism.

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