THE EFFECT OF AQUATIC STRENGTH TRAINING ON ACCELERATION AND SPEED PERFORMANCE IN ADOLESCENT SPRINTERS

Öz

This study aims to examine the effects of 6 weeks aquatic strength training (ASP) on sprint speed performance (SSP) and strength performance (SP) of knee and shoulder in 7 male and 6 females were adolescent sprinters living in Tarsus district in Mersin city. Measurements were taken by a scale and stadiometer for body weight and height, by a dynamometer for SP, and by photocell chronometer for SSP, respectively. Independent t-test was used for two group comparison, and paired t-test analyzes were performed to determine the effect of ASP for intragroup comparison. Also Cohen’s d analyzes were used to determine effect size of ASP. This study showed a low training effect on SSP in both genders at the end of the ASP, while a large, moderato and low level training effect in male and a low and moderate training effect in females was observes in SP development. The improvement rates of average sprint in the last 40 meters of 100 m and 100 meters average sprint tests of 100 meters sprint are 2.32% and 1.2% for male and 3.63% and 2.15% for females, respectively. In conclusion, a greater effect of ASP was observed in SSP of females and SP of males depending on sexual dimorphism and the fact that older males who are 9.38% older than females complete the rapid developmental phase of the maturation period, in contrast females in rapid developmental period exhibit greater development. During the maturation period of all adolescent sprinters in Turkey, the rapid developmental stages should be determined at year intervals and the coaches should be informed in order to develop ASP suitable for these periods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adolescent
• Aquatics Training
• Speed
• Sprinter

ADÖLESAN SPRİNTERLERDE AKUATİK KUVVET VE GÜÇ ANTRENMANININ SÜRAT PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ

Öz

Bu araştırma, adölesan erkek ve kadın sprinterlerde 6 haftalık akuatik kuvvet programının (AKP) sprint sürat performansına (SSP) ve kuvvet performansına (KP) etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlamıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Mersin ili Tarsus ilçesinde yaşayan, 7’si erkek ve 6’sı kadın adölesan sprinterler oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplanmasında, vücut ağırlığı ve boy uzunluğu elektronik baskül ve stadiyometreyle, kuvvet ölçümleri izokinetik dinamometre cihazıyla ve SSP fotosel kronometre ile ölçülmüştür. Erkek ve kadın sporcuların farklılıklarını belirlemek için bağımsız t-testi ve AKP’nin etkisinin de belirlenmesi için erkek ve kadın grubuna eşleştirilmiş t-testi analizleri uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, antrenman etki seviyesini belirlemek için Cohen’s d analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları AKP sonunda, SSP’da erkek ve kadınlarda düşük ve KP gelişiminde erkeklerde büyük, orta ve düşük seviyelerde antrenman etkisi ve kadınlarda düşük ve orta seviyede antrenman etkisi gözlenmiştir. Yüz metre sürat koşusunun son 40 metre ortalama sürat ve 100 metre ortalama sürat testlerindeki gelişim oranları sırasıyla; erkekler için % 2,32 ve % 1,2 ve kadınlar için % 3,63 ve % 2,15’dir. Neticede, kadınların SSP ve erkeklerin KP'da daha büyük AKP etkisi gözlenmiştir. SSP’daki farklılıklar cinsel dimorfizm ve kadınlardan % 9,38 oranında yaşlı olan erkeklerin olgunlaşma döneminin hızlı gelişim evresini tamamlaması buna karşın hızlı gelişim dönemlerinde olan kadınların daha büyük gelişim sergilemesinin nedeni olabilir. Türkiye’de tüm adölesan sprinterlerin olgunlaşma döneminde hızlı gelişim evreleri yıl aralıkları ile belirlenerek bu dönemlere uygun AKP geliştirilmesi için antrenörlere bilgi verilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adölesan
• Sprinter
• Akuatik antrenman
• Sürat

Kaynakça

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