Elit Sporcularda Kalsiyum, Fosfor ve Magnezyum Seviyeleri Sıçrama Performansını Etkiler mi?

Yıl 2024, , 303 - 314, 31.08.2024

Tülay Ceylan , Murat Eliöz , Halef Okan Dogan , Levent Ceylan

https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.1501637

Öz

Bu çalışma, elit sporcularda kalsiyum, fosfor ve magnezyum seviyelerinin dikey sıçrama performansına etkisini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Araştırmaya 71 gönüllü sporcu (20 kadın, 51 erkek) katılmıştır. Katılımcıların ortalama yaşı 19,73±2,34’tür. Sporcuların kan örnekleri alınıp kalsiyum, magnezyum ve fosfor seviyeleri ölçülmüş, ardından dikey sıçrama testleri yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların bağımlı değişken sıçrama performansı ve bağımsız değişkenler kalsiyum, fosfor ve magnezyum üzerine etkisini belirlemek için basit regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Yine aynı parametreler üzerinde ilişki aramak için Pearson Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar, sporcuların kalsiyum (9,52±0,36 mg/dL), magnezyum (2,06±0,15 mg/dL) ve fosfor (3,72±0,49 mg/dL) seviyelerinin dikey sıçrama performansı, güç, ortalama hız ve havada kalma süresi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, sporcuların mineral seviyelerinin optimal düzeylerde olmasından kaynaklanabilir. Araştırma, elit sporcuların mineral seviyelerinin normal sınırlar içinde olduğunu ve bu seviyelerin performanslarını etkilemediğini ortaya koymuştur. Bu durum, sporcuların antrenman programlarının ve performanslarını geliştirmek için kullanılan stratejilerin tasarlanmasında dikkate alınması gereken önemli bir bilgidir. Araştırma, sporcuların performansını etkileyen birçok faktör olduğunu ve kalsiyum, magnezyum ve fosfor seviyelerinin sadece birkaç faktörden biri olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu minerallerin optimal seviyede olması, sporcuların performanslarını artırmada yeterli olamayabilir. Bu nedenle, gelecekteki çalışmalarda farklı mineral seviyelerinde olan sporcuların performanslarının karşılaştırılması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Makro ve Mikro Mineraller, Dikey Sıçrama, Elit Sporcular

Do Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Levels Affect Jump Performance in Elite Athletes?

Öz

This study aims to investigate the effects of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels on the vertical jump performance of elite athletes. A total of 71 volunteer athletes (20 women, 51 men) took part in the study, the mean age of the participants was 19.73±2.34 years. Blood samples were taken from the athletes to measure calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels, followed by vertical jump tests. A simple regression analysis was performed to determine the influence of participants on the dependent variable jump performance and the independent variables calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Pearson correlation analysis was used to look for a relationship with the same parameters. The results showed that the athletes' calcium (9.52±0.36 mg/dL), magnesium (2.06±0.15 mg/dL), and phosphorus (3.72±0.49 mg/dL) levels had no significant effect on vertical jump performance, power, average speed, or flight time. These results may be due to the athletes' mineral levels being within optimal ranges, indicating that additional mineral intake might not have a significant impact on performance. The study revealed that the mineral levels of elite athletes were within normal limits and did not affect their performance. This information is crucial for designing training programs and strategies to enhance performance. The research emphasizes that multiple factors influence athletes' performance and that calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels are just a few of these factors. Having optimal levels of these minerals may not be sufficient to enhance performance. Therefore, future studies should compare the performance of athletes with different levels of these minerals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Macro and Micro Minerals, Vertical Jump, Elite Athletes

Kaynakça

• Baudry, J., Kopp, J. F., Boeing, H., Kipp, A. P., Schwerdtle, T., & Schulze, M. B. (2020). Changes of trace element status during aging: Results of the EPIC-Potsdam cohort study. European Journal of Nutrition, 59, 3045-3058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-02143-w
• Baydil, B. (2013). Serum macro-micro element responses to acute maximal physical exercise. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(7), 945-949.
• Bornhorst, J., Kipp, A. P., Haase, H., Meyer, S., & Schwerdtle, T. (2018). The crux of inept biomarkers for risks and benefits of trace elements. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 104, 183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.007
• Brooks, E. R., Benson, A. C., & Bruce, L. M. (2018). Novel technologies found to be valid and reliable for the measurement of vertical jump height with jump-and-reach testing. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(10), 2838-2845. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002790
• Buck, C. L., Wallman, K. E., Dawson, B., & Guelfi, K. J. (2013). Sodium phosphate as an ergogenic aid. Sports Medicine, 43, 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0042-0
• Buck, C., Guelfi, K., Dawson, B., McNaughton, L., & Wallman, K. (2015). Effects of sodium phosphate and caffeine loading on repeated-sprint ability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(19), 1971-1979. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1025235
• Campos-Pérez, J., Páscoa, R. N., Lopes, J. A., & Cámara-Martos, F. (2022). Relationship between gymnastic rhythmic practice and body composition, physical performance, and trace element status in young girls. Biological Trace Element Research, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02651-z
• Chauhan, R. C. (2022). Calcium as a boon or bane for athlete: A review. Asian Journal of Research in Marketing, 11(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5958/2277-6621.2022.00003.2
• Cormick, G., & Belizán, J. M. (2019). Calcium intake and health. Nutrients, 11, 1606. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071606
• Garrison, S. R., Korownyk, C. S., Kolber, M. R., Allan, G. M., Musini, V. M., Sekhon, R. K., & Dugré, N. (2020). Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009402.pub3
• Hazar, M., Sever, O., Gurkan, A. C., Er, F. N., & Erol, M. (2013). Physiologic responses of macro elements to maximal aerobic exercise in male and female footballers. Life Science Journal, 10(6), 734-737.
• Heffernan, S. M., Horner, K., De Vito, G., & Conway, G. E. (2019). The role of mineral and trace element supplementation in exercise and athletic performance: A systematic review. Nutrients, 11(3), 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030696
• Küçük, H., & Ceylan, L. (2022). Researching of hormone parameters of football players. Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results, 13(1) 754-759. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S01.94
• Küçük, H., Soyler, M., Ceylan, T., Ceylan, L., & ŞAHİN, F. (2024). Effects of acute and chronic high-intensity interval training on serum irisin, BDNF and apelin levels in male soccer referees. Journal of Men's Health, 20(2) 120-125. https://doi.org/10.22514/jomh.2024.027
• Laires, M. J., Monteiro, C. P., & Bicho, M. (2004). Role of cellular magnesium in health and human disease. Frontiers in Bioscience, 9(262), 76. https://doi.org/10.2741/1223
• Laires, M. J., Monteiro, C. P., Matias, C. N., Santos, D. A., Silva, A. M., & Bicho, M. (2014). Magnesium status and exercise performance in athletes. Trace Elements & Electrolytes, 31(1).
• Lukaski, H. C. (2004). Vitamin and mineral status: Effects on physical performance. Nutrition, 20(7-8), 632-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.001
• Malliaropoulos, N., Tsitas, K., Porfiriadou, A., Papalada, A., Ames, P. R., Del Buono, A., ... & Maffulli, N. (2013). Blood phosphorus and magnesium levels in 130 elite track and field athletes. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 4(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34531
• Matias, C. N., Santos, D. A., Monteiro, C. P., Silva, A. M., Raposo, M. F., Martins, F., Sardinha, L. B., & Laires, M. J. (2010). Magnesium and strength in elite judo athletes according to intracellular water changes. Magnesium Research, 23, 138-141.
• Maughan, R. J. (1999). Role of micronutrients in sport and physical activity. British Medical Bulletin, 55, 683-690. https://doi.org/10.1258/0007142991902556
• Nabatov, A. A., Troegubova, N. A., Gilmutdinov, R. R., Sereda, A. P., Samoilov, A. S., & Rylova, N. V. (2017). Sport-and sample-specific features of trace elements in adolescent female field hockey players and fencers. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 43, 33-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.11.002
• Nicholls, J. W., Chin, J. P., Williams, T. A., Lenton, T. M., O’Flaherty, V., & McGrath, J. W. (2023). On the potential roles of phosphorus in the early evolution of energy metabolism. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1239189. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1239189
• Nikic, M., Pedisic, Z., Satalic, Z., Jakovljevic, S., & Venus, D. (2014). Adequacy of nutrient intakes in elite junior basketball players. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 24(5), 516-523. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0186
• Santos, D. A., Matias, C. N., Monteiro, C. P., Silva, A. M., Rocha, P. M., Minderico, C. S., Bettencourt Sardinha, L., & Laires, M. J. (2011). Magnesium intake is associated with strength performance in elite basketball, handball and volleyball players. Magnesium Research, 24, 215-219. https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2011.0290
• Shahsavar, A. R., & Pourvaghar, M. J. (2010). The study of athletes' blood serum phosphorus alterations in nano gram per micro liter. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, 5(2), 453-456.
• Soria, M., González-Haro, C., Ansón, M., López-Colón, J. L., & Escanero, J. F. (2015). Plasma levels of trace elements and exercise induced stress hormones in well-trained athletes. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 31, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2015.04.004
• Speich, M., Pineau, A., & Ballereau, F. (2001). Minerals, trace elements and related biological variables in athletes and during physical activity. Clinica Chimica Acta, 312(1-2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-8981(01)00598-8
• Taylor, J. M., Weston, M., & Portas, M. D. (2013). The effect of a short practical warm-up protocol on repeated sprint performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(7), 2034-2038. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182736056
• Ural, B., Atıcı, E., Aydın, G., Taşcılar, L. N., Yeşilkaya, B., Akgöl, A. C., ... & Özkeskin, M. (2020). The effects of nutritional habits on physical fitness parameters in athletes. Turkish Journal of Sports Sciences, 3(2), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.46385/tsbd.782109
• Williams, M. H. (2005). Dietary supplements and sports performance: Minerals. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-2-1-43
• Zhang, Y., Xun, P., Wang, R., Mao, L., & He, K. (2017). Can magnesium enhance exercise performance? Nutrients, 9(9), 946. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090946