Futbolda Farklı Isınma Protokollerinin Sportif Performansa Akut Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Futbolda ısınma fiziksel aktiviteye hazırlık, yaralanmalardan korunmak ve performansın arttırılması için önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı statik, dinamik, self miyofasial gevşeme (SMR) ile ve Graston mobilizasyon tekniğiyle masaj (GMTM) ile oluşturulan dört farklı ısınma tekniğinin futbolda sportif performans üzerindeki akut etkisinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde okuyan aktif olarak futbol lisansı bulunan en az bir yıldır lisanslı 13 erkek, 7 kadın olmak üzere toplam 20 futbolcu dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada 4 farklı ısınma programı her katılımcıya sırası rastgele olacak şekilde ayrı haftalarda ve haftanın aynı günü ve aynı saatinde uygulanmıştır. Her ısınma programı öncesi ve sonrasında katılımcıların pas verme, top sürme, çeviklik ve dikey sıçrama testleri alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde çarpıklık, basıklık değerleri, tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Bağımlı Örneklem T testi ve Tekrarlı Ölçümlerde İki Yönlü ANOVA testi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda statik ısınma, dinamik ısınma, SMR ile ısınma ve GMTM ile ısınmanın top sürme, çeviklik ve dikey sıçrama performansını anlamlı düzeyde arttırdığı (p<0,05), ancak toplam pas sayısına etki etmediği belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Bu ısınma türlerinin ısınma türü x zaman etkileşimi kapsamında toplam pas sayısı, top sürme ve dikey sıçrama performansında yarattıkları değişim arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05), çeviklik üzerinde farklı etkileri yarattıkları tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Futbolda ısınma akut olarak sportif performansı arttırmaktadır. Ancak pas atma performansının arttırılması için branşa özgü ısınma veya özel antrenman yöntemleri tercih edilebilir. Özellikle GMTM ile ısınma çeviklik performansını diğer ısınma türlerine göre daha fazla arttırmakta iken SMR’nin etkisi diğerlerine göre daha düşüktür. İleride yapılacak çalışmalarda futbolda özgü karma ısınma yöntemleri oluşturularak sportif performans üzerindeki etkileri detaylı bir şekilde incelenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• futbol
• ısınma
• sportif performans
• graston
• miyofasiyal gevşetme

Investigation of Acute Effects of Different Warm-Up Protocols on Athletic Performance in Football

Öz

In football, warm-up is important for physical preparation, injury prevention, and performance enhancement. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of four different warm-up techniques, static, dynamic, self-myofascial stretching (SMR), and massage with Graston mobilization technique (GMTM), on sports performance in football. A total of 20 football players, 13 males and 7 females, who were actively studying at Yalova University Faculty of Sports Sciences and who had a football license for at least one year, were included in the study. In the study, 4 different warm-up programs were applied to each participant in random order on separate weeks, at the same time of the day and at the same day of the week. Passing, dribbling, agility, and vertical jump tests were performed before and after each warm-up program. Skewness, kurtosis values, descriptive statistics, Paired Samples T-test, and Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA test were used to analyze the data. As a result of the study, it was found that static warm-up, dynamic warm-up, warm-up with SMR, and warm-up with GMTM significantly increased dribbling, agility, and vertical jump performance (p<0.05), but had no effect on total pass number (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between the changes these warm-up types created in the total number of passes, dribbling and vertical jump performance within the scope of the warm-up type x time interaction (p>0.05), but it was determined that they created different effects on agility (p<0.05). Warming up in football acutely improves athletic performance. However, branch-specific warm-ups or special training methods may be preferred to improve passing performance. In particular, while warming up with GMTM increases agility performance more than other warm-up types, the effect of SMR is lower than the others. In future studies, football-specific mixed warm-up methods can be created and their effects on athletic performance can be examined in detail.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• football
• warm-up
• sportive performance
• graston
• myofascial release

Kaynakça

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