Elit Dağ Kayağı Sporcularında Anaerobik Performans ile Çeviklik Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırma, elit dağ kayakçılarında anaerobik performans ile çeviklik arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Kesitsel tarama modeli kullanılan araştırmaya, Dağ Kayağı Türkiye Kupası” bireysel yarış kategorisinde final etabında yarışan 14 erkek dağ kayağı sporcusu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Sporcuların anaerobik performansı Wingate testi ile zirve güç, ortalama güç ve güç kaybı gibi parametreler üzerinden değerlendirilirken; çeviklik, Altıgen testi ile ölçülmüştür. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiklere tabi tutulduktan sonra normallik, doğrusallık ve homoscedascticity ön analizleri yapılarak veriler Pearson korelasyon ve basit regresyon testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda vücut ağırlığına göre normalize edilen zirve güç ve ortalama güç değerleri ile çeviklik süreleri arasında güçlü negatif ilişkiler olduğu tespit edildi. Buna karşılık, minimum güç ve zirve güce ulaşma süresi ile çeviklik arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamsız ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca rölatif zirve gücün çeviklik varyansının %33.9'unu, rölatif ortalama gücün ise %31.1'ini açıkladığını belirlemiştir.  Bu çalışma elit dağ kayakçılarında teknik hareketlerin (hızlı yön değiştirme, yan basamak atma, v açma, kontrollü iniş ve geçiş teknikleri) başarısı için maksimal anaerobik güç ve vücut ağırlığına normalize edilmiş güç çıktılarının kritik rol oynadığı vurgulanmıştır. Ancak, çevikliğin yaklaşık %65-70'inin nöromüsküler koordinasyon, denge ve teknik becerilerden etkilenmesi, antrenman programlarının çok yönlü olması gerektiğine işaret etmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, patlayıcı kuvvet antrenmanları, laktik tolerans çalışmaları ve disipline özgü simülasyonlar önerilmektedir. Çalışma sonuçları, dağ kayağı performans optimizasyonunda anaerobik kapasitenin rolünü netleştirerek literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anaerobik performans
• çeviklik
• dağ kayağı
• patlayıcı kuvvet

Investigation of the Relationship Between Anaerobic Performance and Agility in Elite Ski Mountaineers

Öz

This study examined the relationship between anaerobic performance and agility in elite ski mountaineers. Cross-sectional survey model was used in the study. 14 male ski-mountaineering athletes who competed in the final stage of Ski-mountaineering Turkey Cup" individual race category participated voluntarily. The anaerobic performance of the athletes was evaluated using parameters such as peak power, average power, and fatigue index were assessed via the Wingate test, while agility was measured by Hexagon test. After the data were subjected to descriptive statistics, normality, linearity and homoscedasticity preliminary analyses were performed and the data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and simple regression test. As a result of the study, it was found that there were strong negative relationships between peak power and average power values normalized by body weight and agility times. In contrast, statistically insignificant relationships were found between minimum power and time to peak power and agility. In addition, relative peak power explained 33.9% of the agility variance and relative average power explained 31.1%. This study emphasized that maximal anaerobic power and power output normalized to body weight play a critical role for the success of technical movements in elite alpine skiers. However, the fact that approximately 65-70% of agility is affected by neuromuscular coordination, balance and technical skills indicates that training programs should be multifaceted. Accordingly, explosive strength training, lactic tolerance training and discipline-specific simulations are recommended. The results of the study provide an important contribution to the literature by clarifying the role of anaerobic capacity in ski-mountaineering performance optimization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anaerobic performance
• agility
• ski mountaineering
• explosive

Kaynakça

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