Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi

Hasan Sözen; Sevim Acaröz

doi:10.17155/omuspd.1742648

TR EN

Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Alt ekstremite kaslarının koordinasyonu ve dengenin korunması, sportif performansın geliştirilmesinde kritik bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, farklı kapalı kinetik zincir egzersizleri sırasında cinsiyet ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyinin stabilite indeksi ve alt ekstremite simetrisi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya yaşları 18-24 arasında değişen, 40’ı sporcu ve 40’ı sedanter olmak üzere toplam 80 gönüllü katılmıştır. Katılımcıların denge performansları TOGU Challenge Disc kullanılarak; öne hamle, yana hamle, tek bacak üzerinde durma ve tek bacak squat egzersizleri sırasında ölçülmüş; alt ekstremite simetrisi ise simetri indeksi (SI) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler bağımsız gruplar t-testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, öne hamle, tek bacak duruş ve squat egzersizlerinde sporcuların sedanter bireylere kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha düşük stabilite indeksi değerlerine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir (p < 0,05). Cinsiyet açısından değerlendirildiğinde, erkekler bazı görevlerde kadınlara göre daha iyi denge performansı sergilemiştir. Asimetri analizinde, yalnızca tek bacak üzerinde durma egzersizinde negatif ve pozitif SI grupları arasında anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, cinsiyet ve fiziksel aktivite düzeyine göre denge ve simetri göstergelerinde anlamlı farklılıklar gözlenmiştir; tek bacak duruş gibi görevlerin alt ekstremite asimetrisini değerlendirmede daha duyarlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Alt Ekstremite, Denge, Kapalı Kinetik Zincir, Simetri İndeksi, Stabilite İndeksi

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma Ordu Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Komisyonunca kabul edilen A2003 no’ lu proje kapsamında desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

A2003

Etik Beyan

Araştırma için Ordu Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan 06.08.2020 tarihli ve 155 karar sayısı ile etik kurul izni alınmıştır.

The Effect of Gender and Physical Activity Status on Stability Index and Lower Limb Symmetry During Different Closed Kinetic Chaın Exercises on A Balance Platform

Öz

Coordination of lower limb muscles and balance control play a critical role in enhancing athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of gender and physical activity level on stability index and lower extremity symmetry during different closed kinetic chain exercises. A total of 80 volunteers aged between 18 and 24 years, including 40 athletes and 40 sedentary individuals, participated in the study. Balance performance was assessed using the TOGU Challenge Disc during forward lunge, lateral lunge, single-leg stance, and single-leg squat exercises. Lower extremity symmetry was evaluated using the symmetry index (SI). Data were analysed with an independent samples t-test. The results showed that athletes had significantly lower stability index values compared to sedentary individuals during forward lunge, single-leg stance, and squat exercises (p < 0.05). In terms of gender, males demonstrated better balance performance than females in some tasks. Asymmetry analysis revealed a significant difference between negative and positive SI groups only in the single-leg stance exercise. In conclusion, regular physical activity level and gender were associated with balance and symmetry outcomes, and single-leg stance tasks may be more sensitive for evaluating lower limb asymmetry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balance, Closed Kinetic Chain, Lower Extremity, Stability Index, Symmetry Index

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by the Ordu University Scientific Research Projects Commission under project number A2003.

Proje Numarası

A2003

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ordu University Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision dated 06.08.2020 and numbered 155.

Kaynakça

Amiri-Khorasani, M., & Mogharabi-Manzari, M. (2014). Effect of different physical activity levels on the static and dynamic balance of dominant and non-dominant legs in females. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 9(8), 1177-88. https://doi.org/10.22122/jrrs.v9i8.1261
Aras, D., Kitano, K., Phipps, A. M., Enyart, M. R., Akça, F., Koceja, D. M., … et al. (2018). The comparison of postural balance level between advanced sport climbers and sedentary adults. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology, 7(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.30472/ijaep.v7i3.226
Bhise, S. A., & Patil, N. K. (2016). Dominant and non-dominant leg activities in young adults. International Journal of Therapies and Rehabilitation Research, 5(4), 257-64. https://doi.org/10.5455/ijtrr.000000172
Bigoni, M., Turati, M., Gandolla, M., Augusti, C. A., Pedrocchi, A., La Torre, A., … et al. (2017). Balance in young male soccer players: dominant versus non-dominant leg. Sport Sciences for Health, 13, 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0319-4
Bouillon, L. E., Hofener, M., O’Donnel, A., Milligan, A., & Obrock, C. (2019). Comparison of muscle activity using unstable devices during a forward lunge. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 29(4), 394-399. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0296
Bouillon, L. E., Wilhelm, J., Eisel, P., Wiesner, J., Rachow, M., & Hatteberg, L. (2012). Electromyographic assessment of muscle activity between genders during unilateral weight‐bearing tasks using adjusted distances. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 7(6), 595. 23316423
Chastin, S. F., McGregor, D. E., Biddle, S. J., Cardon, G., Chaput, J. P., Dall, P. M., … et al. (2021). Striking the right balance: evidence to inform combined physical activity and sedentary behavior recommendations. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 18(6), 631-637. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0635 Çağlar, E. Ç., Özkan, R., Bayraktar, M. T., & Uzun, R. N. (2025). Weight Loss Methods in Male Combat Athletes Effects and Differences by Discipline. Uluslararası Spor Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 11(3), 256–265.
Desai, R. R., Damsam, A. R., & Palekar, T. J. (2022). Efficacy of open versus closed kinetic chain exercises on dynamic balance and health status in individuals with osteoarthritis of knee joint: a quasi-experimental study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 16, YC05-YC09. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2022/51079.16766
Ebert, J. R., Edwards, P., Currie, J., Smith, A., Joss, B., Ackland, T., … et al. (2018). Comparison of the ‘back in action’test battery to standard hop tests and isokinetic knee dynamometry in patients following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 13(3), 389. https://doi.org/10.26603/ijspt20180389
Elias, L. J., Bryden, M. P., & Bulman-Fleming, M. B. (1998). Footedness is a better predictor than is handedness of emotional lateralization. Neuropsychologia, 36(1), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00107-3

Escamilla, R. F., Fleisig, G. S., Lowry, T. M., Barrentine, S. W., & Andrews, J. R. (2001). A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of the squat during varying stance widths. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(6), 984-998. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200106000-00019
Ferreira, L. G. P., Genebra, C. V. D. S., Maciel, N. M., Arca, E. A., Fiorelli, A., & Vitta, A. D. (2017). Multisensory and closed kinetic chain exercises on the functional capacity and balance in elderly women: blinded randomized clinical trial. Fisioterapia em Movimento, 30 (suppl 1), 259-266. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5918.030.S01.AO25
Gaviraghi, P., Chaida-Sonda, F., Fernandes-Frigotto, M., Molinari, T., Pizarro Chaffe, L., Flor, J. L., … et al. (2024). Females present different single-leg squat kinematics and muscle activation strategies than males even after hip abductor fatigue. Biomechanics, 4(2), 282-293. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics4020017
Graci, V., Van Dillen, L. R., & Salsich, G. B. (2012). Gender differences in trunk, pelvis and lower limb kinematics during a single leg squat. Gait & Posture, 36(3), 461-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.04.006
Gribble, P. A., & Hertel, J. (2004). Effect of lower-extremity muscle fatigue on postural control. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 85(4), 589-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2003.06.031
Gribble, P. A., Hertel, J., & Plisky, P. (2012). Using the Star Excursion Balance Test to assess dynamic postural-control deficits and outcomes in lower extremity injury: a literature and systematic review. Journal of Athletic Training, 47(3), 339-357. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.08
Guan, Y., Bredin, S., Taunton, J., Jiang, Q., Wu, L., Kaufman, K., … et al. (2021). Bilateral difference between lower limbs in children practicing laterally dominant vs. non-laterally dominant sports. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(8), 1092-1100. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1814425
Hadamus, A., Gulatowska, M., Ferenc, A., Shahnazaryan, K., Brzuszkiewicz-Kuźmicka, G., & Błażkiewicz, M. (2025). Influence of leg dominance on the symmetry in body balance measurements. Physical Activity Review, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2025.13.08
Haddad, M., Abbes, Z., Zarrouk, N., Aganovic, Z., Hulweh, A., Moussa-Chamari, I., … et al. (2023). Difference asymmetry between preferred dominant and non-dominant legs in muscular power and balance among sub-elite soccer players in Qatar. Symmetry, 15(3), 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030625
Harput, G., Soylu, A. R., Ertan, H., Ergun, N., & Mattacola, C. G. (2014). Effect of gender on the quadriceps-to-hamstrings coactivation ratio during different exercises. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 23(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSR.2012-0120
Hatton, A. L., Kemp, J. L., Brauer, S. G., Clark, R. A., & Crossley, K. M. (2014). Impairment of dynamic single‐leg balance performance in individuals with hip chondropathy. Arthritis Care & Research, 66(5), 709-716. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.22193
Hildebrandt, C., Müller, L., Zisch, B., Huber, R., Fink, C., & Raschner, C. (2015). Functional assessments for decision‐making regarding return to sports following ACL reconstruction. Part I: development of a new test battery. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 23(5), 1273-1281. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3560-5
Horváth, Á., Ferentzi, E., Schwartz, K., Jacobs, N., Meyns, P., & Köteles, F. (2023). The measurement of proprioceptive accuracy: A systematic literature review. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 12(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2022.04.001
Jo, I., Hong, E. J., Yoon, H. W., Ma, Y., Lee, S. Y., & Lee, H. D. (2025). Neuromuscular Strategies in dominant and non-dominant legs in dancers during dynamic balance tasks. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 1089313X241309781. https://doi.org/10.1177/1089313X241309781
Kadri, M. A., Noé, F., Maitre, J., Maffulli, N., & Paillard, T. (2021). Effects of limb dominance on postural balance in sportsmen practicing symmetric and asymmetric sports: A pilot study. Symmetry, 13(11), 2199. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112199
Kesilmis, I. (2017). The comparison of the different balance performance of soccer players versus sedentary. IJSSPE, 2(3), 37-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsspe.20170203.11
Konstantopoulos, I., Kafetzakis, I., Chatziilias, V., & Mandalidis, D. (2021). Fatigue-induced inter-limb asymmetries in strength of the hip stabilizers, postural control and gait following a unilateral countermovement vertical jump protocol. Sports, 9(3), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports9030033
Kovacikova, Z., Zemkova, E., Neumannova, K., Jelen, M., Jelen, K., & Janura, M. (2015). The role of lateral preference of lower limbs in a postural stabilization task. Neuroendocrinol. Lett, 36, 91-95.
Kwon, Y. J., Park, S. J., Jefferson, J., & Kim, K. (2013). The effect of open and closed kinetic chain exercises on dynamic balance ability of normal healthy adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(6), 671-674. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.671
Levin, S., de Solórzano, S. L., & Scarr, G. (2017). The significance of closed kinematic chains to biological movement and dynamic stability. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 21(3), 664-672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.03.012
Mocanu, G. D., Murariu, G., Onu, I., & Badicu, G. (2022). The influence of gender and the specificity of sports activities on the performance of body balance for students of the faculty of physical education and sports. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), 7672. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137672
Nagano, Y., Ida, H., Akai, M., & Fukubayashi, T. (2007). Gender differences in knee kinematics and muscle activity during single limb drop landing. The Knee, 14(3), 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2006.11.008
Özkan, R., Bıyık, K., Uzun, R. N., & İmamoğlu, O. (2025). Takım Sporcularının Yaralanma Kaygı Durumlarının Kariyer Sonlanma Kaygılarına Etkisi. Turkish Studies - Social Sciences, 20(3), 1977–1992.
Pamboris, G. M., Pavlou, K., Paraskevopoulos, E., & Mohagheghi, A. A. (2024). Effect of open vs. closed kinetic chain exercises in ACL rehabilitation on knee joint pain, laxity, extensor muscles strength, and function: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 6, 1416690. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1416690
Peters, M. (1988). Footedness: asymmetries in foot preference and skill and neuropsychological assessment of foot movement. Psychological Bulletin, 103(2), 179. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.179
Plisky, P. J., Rauh, M. J., Kaminski, T. W., & Underwood, F. B. (2006). Star Excursion Balance Test as a predictor of lower extremity injury in high school basketball players. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36(12), 911-919. https://www.jospt.org/doi/10.2519/jospt.2006.2244
Pojskic, H., McGawley, K., Gustafsson, A., & Behm, D. G. (2020). The reliability and validity of a novel sport-specific balance test to differentiate performance levels in elite curling players. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 19(2), 337. 32390727.
Pontaga, I., Vilks, S., & Abolins, V. (2024). Assessment of static and dynamic balance performance in team sports athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(1), 123-132. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.01016
Promsri, A., Bangkomdet, K., Jindatham, I., & Jenchang, T. (2023). Leg dominance—surface stability interaction: Effects on postural control assessed by smartphone-based accelerometry. Sports, 11(4), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11040075.
Promsri, A., Haid, T., Werner, I., & Federolf, P. (2020). Leg dominance effects on postural control when performing challenging balance exercises. Brain Sciences, 10(3), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030128
Thonga, T., Stasi, S., & Papathanasiou, G. (2021). The effect of intensive close-kinetic-chain exercises on functionality and balance confidence after total knee arthroplasty. Cureus, 13(10), e18965. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18965
Trajković, N., Smajla, D., Kozinc, Ž., & Šarabon, N. (2022). Postural stability in single-leg quiet stance in highly trained athletes: Sex and sport differences. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(4), 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11041009
Winter, D. A. (1995). Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait & Posture, 3(4), 193-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(96)82849-9
Zawadka, M., Smolka, J., Skublewska-Paszkowska, M., Lukasik, E., Bys, A., Zielinski, G., … et al. (2020). Sex-dependent differences in single-leg squat kinematics and their relationship to squat depth in physically active individuals. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 19601. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76674-2 Zwierko, T., Lesiakowski, P., Redondo, B., & Vera, J. (2022). Examining the ability to track multiple moving targets as a function of postural stability: a comparison between team sports players and sedentary individuals. PeerJ, 10, e13964. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13964

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Antrenman, Fiziksel Uygunluk, Motor Kontrol

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Hasan Sözen ^*
0000-0002-9947-6214
Türkiye

Sevim Acaröz
0000-0002-2617-8865
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

21 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Temmuz 2025

Kabul Tarihi

5 Aralık 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 16 Sayı: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.1742648

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA84BG76NC

APA

Sözen, H., & Acaröz, S. (2025). Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(3), 521-543. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.1742648

AMA

1.Sözen H, Acaröz S. Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi. SPD. 2025;16(3):521-543. doi:10.17155/omuspd.1742648

Chicago

Sözen, Hasan, ve Sevim Acaröz. 2025. “Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi”. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi 16 (3): 521-43. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.1742648.

EndNote

Sözen H, Acaröz S (01 Aralık 2025) Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi 16 3 521–543.

IEEE

[1]H. Sözen ve S. Acaröz, “Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi”, SPD, c. 16, sy 3, ss. 521–543, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.17155/omuspd.1742648.

ISNAD

Sözen, Hasan - Acaröz, Sevim. “Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi”. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi 16/3 (01 Aralık 2025): 521-543. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.1742648.

JAMA

1.Sözen H, Acaröz S. Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi. SPD. 2025;16:521–543.

MLA

Sözen, Hasan, ve Sevim Acaröz. “Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi”. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 16, sy 3, Aralık 2025, ss. 521-43, doi:10.17155/omuspd.1742648.

Vancouver

1.Hasan Sözen, Sevim Acaröz. Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi. SPD. 01 Aralık 2025;16(3):521-43. doi:10.17155/omuspd.1742648

Denge Platformu Üzerinde Farklı Kapalı Kinetik Zincir Egzersizi Sırasında Cinsiyet ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumunun Stabilite İndeksi ve Alt Ekstremite Simetrisi Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Etik Beyan

The Effect of Gender and Physical Activity Status on Stability Index and Lower Limb Symmetry During Different Closed Kinetic Chaın Exercises on A Balance Platform

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

Proje Numarası

Etik Beyan

Kaynakça

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Konular

Bölüm

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

Gönderilme Tarihi

Kabul Tarihi

Yayımlandığı Sayı

DOI

IZ

Kaynak Göster