KAFEİN TAKVİYESİNİN KISA SÜRELİ YÜKSEK YOĞUNLUKLU EGZERSİZE ETKİSİ: KAFEİN ALIM ZAMANI

Öz

Araştırmada, yüklenmeden 60 dk ve 120 dk önce gerçekleştirilen kafein takviyesinin kısa süreli yüksek yoğunluklu performansa etkisinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. On iki amatör erkek futbol oyuncusu (yaş: 22,69 ± 2,16 yıl, boy uzunluğu: 174,0 ± 7,12 cm, vücut ağırlığı: 70,55 ± 8,76 kg, spor deneyimi: 5,92 ± 2,96 yıl) araştırmaya katılmak için gönüllü olmuştur. Katılımcılar 2 farklı zamanda kafein takviyesi ve plasebo (PL) koşulu olmak üzere rastgele olarak 3 deney koşulunda araştırmaya dahil edildiler. Kafein takviyesi, ölçümlerden 60 dk önce (KAF60) ve 120 dk önce (KAF120) olacak şekilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her bir deney koşulu arasında en az 3 gün ara verilmiştir. PL koşulunda katılımcılara sadece su verilmiştir. KAF60 ve KAF120 koşulları için katılıcılara 250 ml suya karıştırılmış olarak 6 mg/kg toz formundaki kafein takviyesi yapıldı. Her bir deney koşulu için 5 m, 10 m, 20 m ve 30 m sürat, çeviklik, dikey ve yatay sıçrama testleri uygulanmıştır. Futbolcuların PL, KAF60 ve KAF120 koşullarında sürat performansları, çeviklik, dikey sıçrama ve eller belde durarak uzun atlama mesafelerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir (p > 0,05). KAF60 ve KAF120 gruplarının PL grubundan, KAF120 grubunun ise KAF60 grubundan daha yüksek eller serbest durarak uzun atlama mesafesine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir (p < 0,05). Sonuç olarak; kafein takviyesinin amatör futbol oyuncularının kısa süreli yüksek şiddetli aktivitelerdeki performansını değiştirmediği, kafeinin yüklenmeden 60 dk veya 120 dk önce yapılmasının herhangi bir etkiye sahip olmadığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çeviklik,futbol,güç,kafein alımı,sürat

EFFECTS OF CAFFEINE INTAKE ON SHORT-TERM HIGH-INTENSITY EXERCISE: CAFFEINE INTAKE TIME

Öz

This study aimed to find out the effect of caffeine supplement 60 min and 120 min before loading on short-term high-intensity performance. Twelve male football players volunteered to participate in the study (age: 22.69 ± 2.175 years, height: 174 ± 7.118 cm, weight: 70.55±8.760 kg, sporting experience: 5,92 ± 2,96 years). The participants were included in the study randomly under three experimental conditions consisting of caffeine supplement and placebo (PL) at two different times. Caffeine supplement was carried out as 60 min before measurements (CAF60) and 120 minutes before measurements (CAF120). An interval of at least three days was given in between each experimental condition. In PL condition, the participants were given only water. In CAF60 and CAF120 trial conditions, caffeine supplement as powder mixed with water – 6 mg/kg for per body weight- was given to players. Sprint test (5/10/20/30m), vertical jumps and standing broad jumps with / without the arm-swing, and agility test were applied to the players for each experimental conditions. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to compare the experimental conditions. No significant difference was found in sprint performance, agility, vertical jumps, and standing broad jump with hands on hips among PL, CAF60 and CAF120 (p > 0.05).  Standing broad jump with hands free was higher in CAF60 and CAF120 than PL (p < 0.05). Also, subjects in CAF120 had higher performance in standing broad jump with hands free than CAF60 (p < 0.05). In conclusion; results of the study revealed that caffeine intake did not change the performances of amateur players in short-term high-intensity activities. Also, the results suggest that taking caffeine 60 min or 120 min before exercise does not have an effect on performance in high-intensity activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Agility,caffeine ingestion,football,high intensity effort,sprint,power

Kaynakça

1. Burke LM. Caffeine and sports performance. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 2008; 33: 1319-34. doi:10.1139/H08-130.
2. Gilbert RM. Caffeine consumption. Prog Clin Biol Res, 1984; 158: 185-213.
3. McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise physiology. Energy, nutrition, & human performance. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
4. Escohotado A, Symington K. A Brief history of drugs: From the Stone Age to the stoned age. South Paris, ME: Park Street Press; 1999.
5. Schrader P, Panek LM, Temple JL. Acute and chronic caffeine administration increases physical activity in sedentary adults. Nutr Res, 2013; 33 (6): 457-63. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.04.003.
6. Arazi H, Dehlavinejad H, Gholizadeh R. The acute effect of caffeine supplementation on strength, repetition sustainability and work volume of novice bodybuilders. Turk J Kin, 2016; 2 (3): 43-8.
7. Harland B: Caffeine and nutrition. Nutrition, 2000; 16: 522-6.
8. Astorino TA, Roberson DW. Efficacy of acute caffeine ingestion for short-term high-intensity exercise performance: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res, 2010; 24 (1): 257-65. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c1f88a.

9. Hewlett P, Smith A. Effects of repeated doses of caffeine on performance and alertness: new data and secondary analyses. Hum Psychopharmacol, 2007; 22 (6): 339-50. doi: 10.1002/hup.854.
10. Erdoğan O, Erhan SE, Şen İ, Eroğlu H. The effect of different usage of caffeine on the metabolism of sportsmen. ATABESBD, 2009; 11 (4): 21-8.
11. Skinner TL, Jenkins DG, Folling J, Leveritt MD, Coombes JS, Taaffe DR. Influence of carbohydrate on serum caffeine concentrations following caffeine ingestion. J Sci Med Sport, 2013; 16 (4): 343-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.08.004.
12. Astorino TA, Martin BJ, Schachtsiek L, Wong K, Ng K. Minimal effect of acute caffeine ingestion on intense resistance training performance. J Strength Cond Res, 2011; 25 (6): 1752–8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddf6db.
13. Astorino TA, Roupoli LR, Valdivieso BR. Caffeine does not alter RPE or pain perception during intense exercise in active women. Appetite, 2012; 59(2): 585-590. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.07.008.
14. Cox GR, Desbrow B, Montgomery PG, Anderson ME, Bruce CR, Macrides TA, et al. Effect of different protocols of caffeine intake on metabolism and endurance performance. J Appl Physiol, 2002; 93 (3): 990-9. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00249.2002.
15. Hodgson AB, Randell RK, Jeukendrup AE. The metabolic and performance effects of caffeine compared to coffee during endurance exercise. PLoS One, 2013; 8 (4): e59561. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059561.
16. Glaister, M, Patterson, SD, Foley, P, Pedlar, CR, Pattison, JR, McInnes, G. Caffeine and sprinting performance: Dose responses and efficacy. J Strength Cond Res, 2012; 26 (4): 1001-5. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822ba300.
17. Cox GR, Clark SA, Cox AJ, Halson SL, Hargreaves M, Hawley JA, et al. Daily training with high carbohydrate availability increases exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during endurance cycling. J Appl Physiol, 2010; 109: 126-34. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00950.2009.
18. Cureton KJ, Warren GL, Millard-Stafford ML, Wingo JE, Trilk J, Buyckx M. Caffeinated sports drink: ergogenic effects and possible mechanisms. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2007; 17: 35-55.
19. MacIntosh BR, Wright BM. Caffeine ingestion and performance of a 1,500-metre swim. Can J Appl Physiol, 1995; 20: 168–77.
20. Beck TW, Housh TJ, Schmidt RJ, Johnson GO, Housh DJ, Coburn JW, et al. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on strength, muscular endurance, and anaerobic capabilities. J Strength Cond Res, 2006; 20 (3): 506-10. doi: 10.1519/18285.1.
21. Beck, TW, Housh, TJ, Malek, MH, Mielke, M, Hendrix, R. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press strength and time to running exhaustion. J Strength Cond Res, 2008; 22 (5): 1654-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318181ff2c.
22. Astorino TA, Rohmann RL, Firth K. Effect of caffeine ingestion on one-repetition maximum muscular strength. Eur J Appl Physiol, 2008; 102: 127-32. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0557-x.
23. Duncan MJ. Placebo effects of caffeine on anaerobic performance in moderately trained adults. Serbian Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010, 4 (3): 99-106.
24. Cakir-Atabek H. Effects of acute caffeine ingestion on anaerobic cycling performance in recreationally active men. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online, 2017; 20 (1): 46-58.
25. Lorino AJ, Lloyd LK, Crixell SH, Walker JL. The effects of caffeine on athletic agility. J Strength Cond Res, 2006; 20: 851–4. doi: 10.1519/R-17445.1.
26. Grgic J. Caffeine ingestion enhances Wingate performance: a meta-analysis. European Journal of Sport Science, 2018; 18 (2): 219-25. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1394371.
27. Arazi H, Hoseinihaji M, Eghbali E. The effects of different doses of caffeine on performance, rating of perceived exertion and pain perception in teenagers female karate athletes. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016; 52 (4): 685-92. doi: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000400012.
28. Karayiğit R, Yaşlı BÇ, Karabıyık H, Koz M, Ersöz G. Effect of low dose caffeinated coffee on anaerobic power in physically active males. Spormetre, 2017, 15 (4), 157-64.
29. Bell DG, McLellan TM. Exercise endurance 1, 3, and 6 h after caffeine ingestion in caffeine users and nonusers. J Appl Physiol, 2002; 93: 1227-34. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00187.2002.
30. Nehlig A, Debry G. Caffeine and sports activity: A review. Int J Sports Med, 1994; 15: 215–23. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1021049.
31. Weir J, Noakes TD, Myburgh K, Adams B. A high carbohydrate diet negates the metabolic effects of caffeine during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 1987; 19: 100-5.
32. Goldstein E, Jacobs PL, Whitehurst M, Penhollow T, Antonio J. Caffeine enhances upper body strength in resistance-trained women. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 2010; 14; 7: 18. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-7-18.
33. Green BS, Blake C, Caulfield BM. A valid field test protocol of linear speed and agility in rugby union. J Strength Cond Res, 2011; 25 (5): 1256-62. Doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d8598b.
34. Harman E, Garhammer J. Administration, scoring and interpretation of selected tests. In: Baechle TR, Earle RW, eds. Essentials of strength and conditioning. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2008: 249–292.
35. Semenick D. Tests and measurements: The T-test. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 1990; 12 (1): 36-7.
36. Kolath E, Quade K. Measurement of sprinting speed of professional and amateur soccer players. In T. Reilly, J. Clarrys, & A. Stibbe (Eds.), Science and football II (pp. 1-36). London: E & FN Spon; 1993.
37. Gambetta V. How to develop sport-specific speed. Sports Coach, 1996; 19: 22-24.
38. Moresi MP, Bradshaw EJ, Greene D, Naughton G. The assessment of adolescent female athletes using standing and reactive long jumps. Sports Biomechanics, 2011; 10 (2): 73-84. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2011.569564.
39. Woolf K, Bidwell WK, Carlson AG. Effect of caffeine as an ergogenic aid during anaerobic exercise performance in caffeine naive collegiate football players. J Strength Cond Res, 2009; 23: 1363-9. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3393b.
40. Woolf K, Bidwell WK, Carlson AG. The effect of caffeine as an ergogenic aid in anaerobic exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2008; 18: 412-9.
41. Anselme F, Collomp K, Mercier B, Ahmaidi S, Prefaut C. Caffeine increases maximal anaerobic power and blood lactate concentration. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 1992; 65: 188–91.
42. Akça F, Aras D, Arslan E. Caffeine, mechanisms of action and effects on physical performance. Spormetre, 2018; 16 (1): 1-12. doi: 10.1501/Sporm_0000000336.