ELİT FUTBOLCULARDA BİLATERAL VE İPSİLATERAL KUVVET ORANLARININ İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2020, , 172 - 181, 15.12.2020

Ali Kerim Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.791582

Öz

Mevcut araştırmanın amacı, elit futbolcularda bilateral ve ipsilateral diz izokinetik kuvvet oranlarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya 19-28 yaş aralığında en az 10 yıl futbol antrenman geçmişine sahip ve aktif antrenman yapan 30 erkek (yaş 24,15 yıl, boy 177,59 cm, kilo 72,07 kg ve VKİ 23,09 kg/m2) gönüllü olarak katıldı. Deneklerin bilateral quadpceps/quadriceps (Q/Q) ve ipsilateral hamstring/quadriceps (H/Q) oranlarının hesaplanmasında dominant (DT) ve nondominant (NDT) taraflarına 60osn-1, 180osn-1 ve 240osn-1 açısal hızlarda konsantrik/konsantrik (Kon/Kon) diz ekstansyion (EKS) ve fleksiyon (FLEK) izokinetik kuvvet testi uygulandı. DT ve NDT kuvvetlerinin, bilateral ve ipsilatarel kuvvet oranlarının karşılaştırılması paired sample t-test kullanıldı. Deneklerin 60osn-1, 180osn-1 ve 240osn-1 açısal hızlarda izokinetik diz EKS ve FLEK kuvvetleri DT ve NDT taraflar arasında karşılaştırıldığında 60osn-1, 180osn-1 ve 240osn-1 açısal hızların tümünün EKS fazında DT lehine istatistiksel anlamlıklara rastlandı (p<0,05). Lateral asimetri oranları ise hem ipsilateral H/Q hemde bilateral O/Q ve H/H oranlarının karşılaştırmalarında sadece 60osn-1 açısal hızda anlamlılık tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, elit futbolcularda DT taraflarının NDT taraflara göre tüm açısal hızlarda daha yüksek kuvvet ürettikleri, yüksek kuvvet gerektiren 60osn-1 açısal hızda hem bilateral hemde ipsilateral kuvvet farklılıkları ortaya çıkardıkları belirlendi. Bu sonuçlara göre futbolcuların hızlı ancak düşük kuvvet gerektiren yüksek açısal hzılarda sakatlık eğilimlerinin her iki ekstremite içinde benzer olduğu, fakat düşük açısal hızlarda hem bilateral hemde ipsilateral asimetrik farklılık ortaya çıkardıkları görüldü. İstatistiksel açıdan anlamlı olmasına rağmen 60osn-1 açısal hızda ortaya çıkan asimetrik farklılıkların literatürde belirtilen ipsilateral için %60-70 bilateral için %90-100 aralığında olması futbolcuların diz sakatlıkları adına güvenli aralıkta olduklarını gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Lateral asimetri, izokinetik diz kuvveti, sakatlık eğilimi

Kaynakça

• 1. Cometti G, Maffiuletti NA, Pousson M, Chatard JC, Maffulli N. Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite and amateur French soccer players. International journal of sports medicine, 2001; 22(01): 45-51.
• 2. Coelho DB, Pimenta EM, Veneroso CE, Morand RF, Pacheco DAS, Pereira ER, Silami-Garcia E. Assessment of acute physiological demand for soccer. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 2013; 15(6): 667-676.
• 3. Silva JRLC, Detanico D, Pupo JD, Freitas CDLR. Bilateral asymmetry of knee and ankle isokinetic torque in soccer players u20 category. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 2015; 17(2): 195-204.
• 4. Dal Pupo J, Almeida CMP, Detanico D, Silva JFD, Guglielmo LGA, Santos SGD. Muscle power and repeated sprint ability in soccer players. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 2010; 12(4): 255-261.
• 5. da Silva JF, Detanico D, Floriano LT, Dittrich N, Nascimento PC, dos Santos SG, Guglielmo LGA. Levels of muscle power in soccer and futsal athletes of different categories and positions. Motricidade, 2012; 8(1): 14-22.
• 6. Pinniger GJ, Steele JR, Groeller H. Does fatigue induced by repeated dynamic efforts affect hamstring muscle function?. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2000; 32(3): 647-653.
• 7. Masuda K, Kikuhara N, Demura S, Katsuta S, Yamanaka K. Relationship between muscle strength in various isokinetic movements and kick performance among soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2005; 45(1): 44.
• 8. Lehance C, Binet J, Bury T, Croisier JL. Muscular strength, functional performances and injury risk in professional and junior elite soccer players. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2009; 19(2): 243-251.
• 9. Lehnert M, Xaverova Z, De Ste Croix M. Changes in Muscle Strength in U19 Soccer Players During an Annual Training Cycle. J Hum Kinet, 2014; 42: 175-185
• 10. Maly T, Zahalka F, Mala L et al. The bilateral strength and power asymmetries in untrained boys. Open Med, 2015; 10: 224-232
• 11. Keeley DW, Plummer HA, Oliver GD. Predicting asymmetrical lower extremity strength deficits in college-aged men and women using com¬mon horizontal and vertical power field tests: a possible screening mechanism. J Strength Cond Res, 2011; 25: 1632-1637.
• 12. Ruas CV, Pinto RS, Haff GG, Lima CD, Pinto MD, Brown LE. Alternative methods of determining hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratios: A comprehensive review. Sports medicine-open, 2019; 5(1):150-158.
• 13. Ermiş E, Yilmaz AK, Kabadayi M, Bostanci Ö, Mayda MH. Bilateral and ipsilateral peak torque of quadriceps and hamstring muscles in elite judokas. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions, 2019; 19(3): 286.
• 14. Osternig LR, Hamill J, Sawhill JA, Bates BT. Influence of torque and limb speed on power production in isokinetic exercise. Am J Phys Med, 1983; 62: 163-71.
• 15. Kellis E, Baltzopoulos V. Isokinetic eccentric exercise. Sports Med, 1995; 19: 202-22.
• 16. Elliot J. Assessing muscle strenght isokinetically. J Am Med Assoc, 1978; 240: 8-10.
• 17. Kannus P. Isokinetic evaluation of muscular performance: implications for muscle testing and rehabilitation. Int J Sports Med, 1994;15: Suppl 1:11-8.
• 18. Tatlıcıoğlu E, Atalağ O, Kırmızıgil B, Kurt C, Acar MF. Side-to-side asymmetry in lower limb strength and hamstring-quadriceps strength ratio among collegiate American football players. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2019; 31(11): 884-888.
• 19. Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Vagenas G. Multivariate isokinetic strength asymmetries of the knee and ankle in professional soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2010; 50(4): 465-474.
• 20. Daneshjoo A, Rahnama N, Mokhtar AH, Yusof A. Bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of isokinetic strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players. Journal of human kinetics, 2013; 36(1): 45-53.
• 21. Rahnama N, Lees A, Bambaecichi E. A comparison of muscle strength and flexibility between the dominant and non-dominant leg in English soccer players. Ergonomics, 2005; 48(11-14): 1568-1575.
• 22. Rahnama N. Prevention of football injuries. Int J Prev Med, 2011; 2(1): 38-40
• 23. Schiltz M, Lehance C, Maquet D, Bury T, Crielaard JM, Croisier JL. Explosive strength imbalances in professional basketball players. J Athl Train, 2009; 44(l): 39-47
• 24. Iga J, George K, Lees A, Reilly T. Cross-sectional investigation of indices of isokinetic leg strength in youth soccer players and untrained individuals. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 2009; 19: 714-719.
• 25. Vargas VZ, Motta C, Peres B, Vancini RL, Andre Barbosa De Lira C, Andrade MS. Knee isokinetic muscle strength and balance ratio in female soccer players of different age groups: a cross-sectional study. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2020; 48(1): 105-109.
• 26. Harilainen A, Alaranta H, Sandelin J, Vanhanen I. Good muscle performance does not compensate instability symptoms in chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 1995; 3(3):135-137.
• 27. Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J, Genty M, Ferret JM. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: a prospective study. The American journal of sports medicine, 2008; 36(8): 1469-1475. 28. Knapik JJ, Bauman CL, Jones BH, Harris JM, Vaughan, L. Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes. The American journal of sports medicine, 1991; 19(1): 76-81.
• 29. Coombs, R., & Garbutt, G. Developments in the use of the hamstring/quadriceps ratio for the assessment of muscle balance. Journal of sports science & medicine, 2002; 1(3): 56.
• 30. Motta C, de Lira CA, Vargas VZ, Vancini RL, Andrade MS. Profiling the Isokinetic Muscle Strength of Athletes Involved in Sports Characterized by Constantly Varied Functional Movements Performed at High Intensity: A Cross‐Sectional Study. PM&R, 2019; 11(4): 354-362.
• 31. Yılmaz AK, Kabadayı M, Bostancı Ö, Özdal M, Mayda MH. Analysis of isokinetic knee strength in soccer players in terms of selected parameters. Physical education of students, 2019; 23(4):209-216.