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GENÇ YETİŞKİN KADINLARDA DÜZENLİ AEROBİK EGZERSİZLERİN İNFLAMATUAR BELİRTEÇLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 25 - 34, 11.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.406607

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı sekiz haftalık düzenli aerobik egzersizlerin genç yetişkin kadınlarda inflamatuar belirteçler üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya sedanter 27 genç yetişkin kadın gönüllü olarak katıldı. Katılımcılar sekiz hafta, haftada 3 gün, günde 75 dk düzenli aerobik egzersizler gerçekleştirdiler. Sekiz haftalık aerobik egzersizler öncesi ve sonrası katılımcılardan alınan kan örneklerinde C-reaktif protein (CRP), interlökin-6 (IL-6) ve tümor nekrozis faktör-alfa (TNF-α) düzeyleri belirlendi. Araştırmada öntest-sontest ölçümleri arası farklılıklar Wilcoxon Signed Rank testi ile belirlendi. Araştırma bulgularına göre, katılımcıların TNF-α, IL-6 ve CRP düzeylerinin ön test ve son test değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular 8 haftalık düzenli aerobik egzersizlerin, katılımcıların serum TNF-α, IL-6 ve CRP düzeylerini anlamlı olarak düşürdüğü ve düzenli aerobik egzersizlerin kronik hastalıklara yakalanma riskini azaltabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, Stefanick ML, Mouton CP, Oberman A, Perri MG, Sheps DS, Pettinger MB, Siscovick DS. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 2002;347(10): 716-725.
  • 2. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX et al, Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes care, 1997;20(4): 537-544.
  • 3. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New England Journal of Medicine, 2001;344(18): 1343-1350.
  • 4. Blair SN, Brodney, S. Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: current evidence and research issues. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 1999;31: 646-662.
  • 5. Jolliffe JA, Rees K, Taylor RS, Thompson D, Oldridge N, Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001;1(1): 1-65.
  • 6. Lloyd-Williams F, Mair FS, Leitner M. Exercise training and heart failure: a systematic review of current evidence. Br J Gen Pract, 2002;52(474): 47-55.
  • 7. Lacasse Y, Goldstein R, Lasserson TJ, Martin S. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006;4(4): 1-67.
  • 8. Boulé NG, Haddad E, Kenny G P, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Jama, 2001;286(10): 1218-1227.
  • 9. Smith JK. Exercise and atherogenesis. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 2001;29(2): 49-53.
  • 10. Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, McFarlin BK, et al. Influence of exercise training and age on CD14+ cell-surface expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2005;19(5): 389-397.
  • 11. Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2003;111(12): 1805-1812.
  • 12. Yu H, Rifai N. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and atherosclerosis: from theory to therapy. Clinical biochemistry, 2000;33(8): 601-610.
  • 13. Reuben DB, Judd‐Hamilton L, Harris TB, Seeman TE. The Associations Between Physical Activity and Inflammatory Markers in High‐Functioning Older Persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2003;51(8): 1125-1130.
  • 14. Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Brach J, Rubin S, Harris TB. Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2004;52(7): 1098-1104.
  • 15. Church TS, Barlow CE, Earnest CP, Kampert JB, Priest EL, Blair SN. Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in men. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2002;22(11): 1869-1876.
  • 16. Esposito K, Pontillo A, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Masella M, Marfella R, Giugliano D. Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on vascular inflammatory markers in obese women: a randomized trial. Jama, 2003;289(14): 1799-1804.
  • 17. Goldhammer E, Tanchilevitch A, Maor I, Beniamini Y, Rosenschein U, Sagiv M. Exercise training modulates cytokines activity in coronary heart disease patients. International journal of cardiology, 2005;100(1): 93-99.
  • 18. So WY, Choi DH. Effects of walking and resistance training on the body composition, cardiorespiratory function, physical fitness and blood profiles of middle-aged obese women. Exer Sci, 2007;16: 85-94.
  • 19. Calabro P, Chang DW, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Release of C-reactive protein in response to inflammatory cytokines by human adipocytes: linking obesity to vascular inflammation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005;46(6): 1112-1113.
  • 20. Nieto J, Laviada ID, Guillén A, Haro A. Adenylyl cyclase system is affected differently by endurance physical training in heart and adipose tissue. Biochemical pharmacology, 1996;51(10): 1321-1329.
  • 21. El-Kader SA, Gari AM, El-Den AS. Impact of moderate versus mild aerobic exercise training on inflammatory cytokines in obese type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized clinical trial. African health sciences, 2013;13(4): 857-863.
  • 22. Pitsavos, C, Panagiotakos DB, Papageorgiou C, Tsetsekou E, Soldatos C, Stefanadis C. Anxiety in relation to inflammation and coagulation markers, among healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis, 2006;185(2): 320-326.
  • 23. Özer K. Fiziksel uygunluk.4. baskı. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Ankara, 2013.
  • 24. Jahromi AS, Zar A, Ahmadi F, Krustrup P, Ebrahim K, Hovanloo F, Amani D. Effects of endurance training on the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in sedentary men. Immune network, 2014;14(5): 255-259.
  • 25. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Routsi C, Plachouras D, Markaki V, Raftogiannis M, Zervakis D, et al. Early apoptosis of blood monocytes in the septic host: is it a mechanism of protection in the event of septic shock. Crit Care. 2006;10: R76.
  • 26. Lowe GD. Circulating inflammatory markers and risks of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular disease. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3: 1618–1627.
  • 27. Salamat KM, Azarbayjani MA, Yusof A, Dehghan F. The response of pre-inflammatory cytokines factors to different exercises (endurance, resistance, concurrent) in overweight men. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2016;52(4): 367-370.
  • 28. Babraj JA, Vollaard NB, Keast C, Guppy FM, Cottrell G, Timmons JA. Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males. BMC endocrine disorders, 2009;9(1): 3.
  • 29. Ferreira FC, de Medeiros AI, Nicioli C, Nunes JED, Shiguemoto GE, Prestes J, Verzola RM, Baldissera V, Perez SE. Circuit resistance training in sedentary women: body composition and serum cytokine levels. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2009;35(2): 163-171.
  • 30. Hong S, Johnson TA, Farag NH, Guy HJ, Matthews SC, Ziegler MG, Mills PJ. Attenuation of T-lymphocyte demargination and adhesion molecule expression in response to moderate exercise in physically fit individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005;98(3): 1057-1063.
  • 31. Prestes J, Shiguemoto G, Botero JP, Frollini A, Dias R, Leite R, et al. Effects of resistance training on resistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force in elderly post-menopausal women. Journal of sports sciences, 2009;27(14): 1607-1615.
  • 32. Donges CE, Duffield R, Drinkwater EJ. Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and body composition. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2010;42(2): 304-313.
  • 33. Nicklas BJ, Hsu FC, Brinkley TJ, Church T, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Exercise training and Plasma C‐reactive Protein and Interleukin‐6 in elderly people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2008;56(11): 2045-2052.
  • 34. Moldoveanu AI, Shephard RJ, Shek PN. The cytokine response to physical activity and training. Sports Medicine, 2001;31(2): 115-144.
  • 35. Kimura H, Suzui M, Nagao F, Matsumoto K. Highly sensitive determination of plasma cytokines by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay; effect of bicycle exercise on plasma level of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), and interferon γ (IFN γ). Analytical sciences, 2001;17(5): 593-597.
  • 36. Helge JW, Stallknecht B, Pedersen BK, Galbo H, Kiens B, Richter EA. The effect of graded exercise on IL‐6 release and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle. The Journal of physiology, 2003;546(1): 299-305.
  • 37. Hiscock N, Petersen EW, Krzywkowski K, Boza J, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Pedersen BK. Glutamine supplementation further enhances exercise-induced plasma IL-6. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003;95(1): 145-148.
  • 38. Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L. Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation. Physiological reviews, 2000;80(3): 1055-1081.
  • 39. Starkie R, Ostrowski SR, Jauffred S, Febbraio M, Pedersen BK. Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-α production in humans. The FASEB Journal, 2003;17(8): 884-886.
  • 40. Pedersen BK, Edward F. Adolph distinguished lecture: muscle as an endocrine organ: IL-6 and other myokines. Journal of applied physiology, 2009;107(4): 1006-1014.
  • 41. Pedersen BK. The diseasome of physical inactivity–and the role of myokines in muscle–fat cross talk. The Journal of physiology, 2009;587(23): 5559-5568.
  • 42. Tamakoshi K, Yatsuya H, Kondo T, Hori Y, Ishikawa M, Zhang H, et al. The metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated circulating C-reactive protein in healthy reference range, a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. International Journal of Obesity, 2003;27(4): 443-449.
  • 43. Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005;45: 1563-1569.

EFFECT OF REGULAR AEROBIC EXERCISES ON INFLAMMATORY MARKERS IN YOUNG ADULT WOMEN

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 25 - 34, 11.04.2018
https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.406607

Öz

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight-week regular aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers in young adult women. Twenty-seven young adult women participated in the study as a volunteer. Participants were performed regular aerobic exercise consisted of 75 minutes per session 3 days per week for 8 weeks. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were determined in blood samples taken from participants before and after aerobic exercises for eight weeks. Differences between pretest-posttest measurements in the study were determined by Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. According to results of the present study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test values of TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP levels of the participants. As a result of the study, regular aerobic exercises for 8 weeks have been found to reduce participant’s levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6 ve CRP and shows that regular aerobic exercises can reduce the risk of getting chronic diseases. 

Kaynakça

  • 1. Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, Stefanick ML, Mouton CP, Oberman A, Perri MG, Sheps DS, Pettinger MB, Siscovick DS. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. New England Journal of Medicine, 2002;347(10): 716-725.
  • 2. Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZX et al, Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes care, 1997;20(4): 537-544.
  • 3. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New England Journal of Medicine, 2001;344(18): 1343-1350.
  • 4. Blair SN, Brodney, S. Effects of physical inactivity and obesity on morbidity and mortality: current evidence and research issues. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 1999;31: 646-662.
  • 5. Jolliffe JA, Rees K, Taylor RS, Thompson D, Oldridge N, Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2001;1(1): 1-65.
  • 6. Lloyd-Williams F, Mair FS, Leitner M. Exercise training and heart failure: a systematic review of current evidence. Br J Gen Pract, 2002;52(474): 47-55.
  • 7. Lacasse Y, Goldstein R, Lasserson TJ, Martin S. Pulmonary rehabilitation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006;4(4): 1-67.
  • 8. Boulé NG, Haddad E, Kenny G P, Wells GA, Sigal RJ. Effects of exercise on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Jama, 2001;286(10): 1218-1227.
  • 9. Smith JK. Exercise and atherogenesis. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 2001;29(2): 49-53.
  • 10. Stewart LK, Flynn MG, Campbell WW, Craig BA, Robinson JP, McFarlin BK, et al. Influence of exercise training and age on CD14+ cell-surface expression of toll-like receptor 2 and 4. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2005;19(5): 389-397.
  • 11. Pepys MB, Hirschfield GM. C-reactive protein: a critical update. The Journal of clinical investigation, 2003;111(12): 1805-1812.
  • 12. Yu H, Rifai N. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and atherosclerosis: from theory to therapy. Clinical biochemistry, 2000;33(8): 601-610.
  • 13. Reuben DB, Judd‐Hamilton L, Harris TB, Seeman TE. The Associations Between Physical Activity and Inflammatory Markers in High‐Functioning Older Persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2003;51(8): 1125-1130.
  • 14. Colbert LH, Visser M, Simonsick EM, Tracy RP, Newman AB, Kritchevsky SB, Pahor M, Taaffe DR, Brach J, Rubin S, Harris TB. Physical activity, exercise, and inflammatory markers in older adults: findings from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2004;52(7): 1098-1104.
  • 15. Church TS, Barlow CE, Earnest CP, Kampert JB, Priest EL, Blair SN. Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein in men. Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2002;22(11): 1869-1876.
  • 16. Esposito K, Pontillo A, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Masella M, Marfella R, Giugliano D. Effect of weight loss and lifestyle changes on vascular inflammatory markers in obese women: a randomized trial. Jama, 2003;289(14): 1799-1804.
  • 17. Goldhammer E, Tanchilevitch A, Maor I, Beniamini Y, Rosenschein U, Sagiv M. Exercise training modulates cytokines activity in coronary heart disease patients. International journal of cardiology, 2005;100(1): 93-99.
  • 18. So WY, Choi DH. Effects of walking and resistance training on the body composition, cardiorespiratory function, physical fitness and blood profiles of middle-aged obese women. Exer Sci, 2007;16: 85-94.
  • 19. Calabro P, Chang DW, Willerson JT, Yeh ET. Release of C-reactive protein in response to inflammatory cytokines by human adipocytes: linking obesity to vascular inflammation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2005;46(6): 1112-1113.
  • 20. Nieto J, Laviada ID, Guillén A, Haro A. Adenylyl cyclase system is affected differently by endurance physical training in heart and adipose tissue. Biochemical pharmacology, 1996;51(10): 1321-1329.
  • 21. El-Kader SA, Gari AM, El-Den AS. Impact of moderate versus mild aerobic exercise training on inflammatory cytokines in obese type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized clinical trial. African health sciences, 2013;13(4): 857-863.
  • 22. Pitsavos, C, Panagiotakos DB, Papageorgiou C, Tsetsekou E, Soldatos C, Stefanadis C. Anxiety in relation to inflammation and coagulation markers, among healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Atherosclerosis, 2006;185(2): 320-326.
  • 23. Özer K. Fiziksel uygunluk.4. baskı. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Ankara, 2013.
  • 24. Jahromi AS, Zar A, Ahmadi F, Krustrup P, Ebrahim K, Hovanloo F, Amani D. Effects of endurance training on the serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in sedentary men. Immune network, 2014;14(5): 255-259.
  • 25. Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Routsi C, Plachouras D, Markaki V, Raftogiannis M, Zervakis D, et al. Early apoptosis of blood monocytes in the septic host: is it a mechanism of protection in the event of septic shock. Crit Care. 2006;10: R76.
  • 26. Lowe GD. Circulating inflammatory markers and risks of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular disease. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3: 1618–1627.
  • 27. Salamat KM, Azarbayjani MA, Yusof A, Dehghan F. The response of pre-inflammatory cytokines factors to different exercises (endurance, resistance, concurrent) in overweight men. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2016;52(4): 367-370.
  • 28. Babraj JA, Vollaard NB, Keast C, Guppy FM, Cottrell G, Timmons JA. Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males. BMC endocrine disorders, 2009;9(1): 3.
  • 29. Ferreira FC, de Medeiros AI, Nicioli C, Nunes JED, Shiguemoto GE, Prestes J, Verzola RM, Baldissera V, Perez SE. Circuit resistance training in sedentary women: body composition and serum cytokine levels. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 2009;35(2): 163-171.
  • 30. Hong S, Johnson TA, Farag NH, Guy HJ, Matthews SC, Ziegler MG, Mills PJ. Attenuation of T-lymphocyte demargination and adhesion molecule expression in response to moderate exercise in physically fit individuals. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005;98(3): 1057-1063.
  • 31. Prestes J, Shiguemoto G, Botero JP, Frollini A, Dias R, Leite R, et al. Effects of resistance training on resistin, leptin, cytokines, and muscle force in elderly post-menopausal women. Journal of sports sciences, 2009;27(14): 1607-1615.
  • 32. Donges CE, Duffield R, Drinkwater EJ. Effects of resistance or aerobic exercise training on interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and body composition. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 2010;42(2): 304-313.
  • 33. Nicklas BJ, Hsu FC, Brinkley TJ, Church T, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, et al. Exercise training and Plasma C‐reactive Protein and Interleukin‐6 in elderly people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2008;56(11): 2045-2052.
  • 34. Moldoveanu AI, Shephard RJ, Shek PN. The cytokine response to physical activity and training. Sports Medicine, 2001;31(2): 115-144.
  • 35. Kimura H, Suzui M, Nagao F, Matsumoto K. Highly sensitive determination of plasma cytokines by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay; effect of bicycle exercise on plasma level of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), and interferon γ (IFN γ). Analytical sciences, 2001;17(5): 593-597.
  • 36. Helge JW, Stallknecht B, Pedersen BK, Galbo H, Kiens B, Richter EA. The effect of graded exercise on IL‐6 release and glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle. The Journal of physiology, 2003;546(1): 299-305.
  • 37. Hiscock N, Petersen EW, Krzywkowski K, Boza J, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Pedersen BK. Glutamine supplementation further enhances exercise-induced plasma IL-6. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2003;95(1): 145-148.
  • 38. Pedersen BK, Hoffman-Goetz L. Exercise and the immune system: regulation, integration, and adaptation. Physiological reviews, 2000;80(3): 1055-1081.
  • 39. Starkie R, Ostrowski SR, Jauffred S, Febbraio M, Pedersen BK. Exercise and IL-6 infusion inhibit endotoxin-induced TNF-α production in humans. The FASEB Journal, 2003;17(8): 884-886.
  • 40. Pedersen BK, Edward F. Adolph distinguished lecture: muscle as an endocrine organ: IL-6 and other myokines. Journal of applied physiology, 2009;107(4): 1006-1014.
  • 41. Pedersen BK. The diseasome of physical inactivity–and the role of myokines in muscle–fat cross talk. The Journal of physiology, 2009;587(23): 5559-5568.
  • 42. Tamakoshi K, Yatsuya H, Kondo T, Hori Y, Ishikawa M, Zhang H, et al. The metabolic syndrome is associated with elevated circulating C-reactive protein in healthy reference range, a systemic low-grade inflammatory state. International Journal of Obesity, 2003;27(4): 443-449.
  • 43. Kasapis C, Thompson PD. The effects of physical activity on serum C-reactive protein and inflammatory markers: a systematic review. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005;45: 1563-1569.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Hareket ve Antrenman Bilimleri
Yazarlar

Halit Buğra Koca 0000-0002-5353-3228

İrfan Yıldırım

Özkan Işık

Tülay Koca Bu kişi benim

Tuncay Bal

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Koca, H. B., Yıldırım, İ., Işık, Ö., Koca, T., vd. (2018). GENÇ YETİŞKİN KADINLARDA DÜZENLİ AEROBİK EGZERSİZLERİN İNFLAMATUAR BELİRTEÇLER ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ. Spor Ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.406607