Evaluation of Empowering Leadership and Knowledge Sharing on Organization and Organization Employees
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 593 - 612, 01.07.2020
Fatma Sönmez Çakır
,
Zafer Adıgüzel
Öz
Knowledge and knowledge sharing is very important in the service sector, which has a dynamic structure. It is also important to share knowledg efficiently among employees in order to get things right. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of empowering leadership and knowledg sharing in terms of performance criterias in the service sector (logistics companies). As a result of surveys collected from logistics companies, the effect of empowering leadership and knowledge sharing on employee performance, organizational performance and job performance variables were determined. In the scope of aim of the study, a survey was conducted with 386 personnel working in the logistic companies. Data analysis was done using SPSS 25 and LISREL 8.80 programs. After factor and reliability analyses, correlation analysis, regression analysis were performed and also sobel test was done for the analysis of measuring the mediating variable effect.
Kaynakça
- Akgül, Y. (2015). Örgüt stratejileri destekli bilgi yönetim sürecinin örgütsel yenilik ve teknoloji aracılığıyla örgütsel performansı etkilemesi: Borsa İstanbul örneği (Doctoral dissertation, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
- Aksoy, Y., Ayranci, E., & Gozukara, E. (2016). A Research on the Relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Unethical Behaviors in Organizational Level. European Scientific Journal, 12(4).
- Albrecht, S. L., & Andreetta, M. (2011). The influence of empowering leadership, empowerment and engagement on affective commitment and turnover intentions in community health service workers: Test of a model. Leadership in health services, 24(3), 228-237.
- Arnold, J. A., Arad, S., Rhoades, J. A., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The empowering leadership questionnaire: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(3), 249-269.
- Aroian, L. A. (1947). The probability function of the product of two normally distributed variables. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 265-271.
- Avcu, M. S. (2016). Stratejik yönetim süreçlerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık ve çalışan performansı uzerine etkileri ve Atatürk Havaalanı ofis çalışanları örneği (Master's thesis, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
- Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The leadership quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
- Bartol, K. M., & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64-76.
- Baş, İ. M. (1999). Şirket toplam performans yönetimi: Kimya sektöründe bir uygulama. 8. Kalite Kongresi.
- Başar, D. (2016). Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamaları, Rekabetçi Örgüt Kültürü Oryantasyonları İle Firma Ve Çalışan Performansı Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım Bankaları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Gebze.
- Başaran, İ. E. (2000). Örgütsel Davranış: İnsanın Üretim Gücü, Ankara: Bilim Kitap Kırtasiye.
- Bayram, L. (2005). Yönetimde Yeni Bir Paradigma: Örgütsel Bağlilik. Sayiştay Dergisi, 59, 125-139.
- Beckman, T. J. (1999). The current state of knowledge management. Knowledge management handbook, 1(5), 1-1.
- Benligiray, S. (1999). İnsan kaynakları açısından otellerde performans yönetimi. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997), Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109.
- Boyd, M., Huang, S. M., Jiang, J. J., & Klein, G. (2007). Discrepancies between desired and perceived measures of performance of IS professionals: Views of the IS professionals themselves and the users. Information & Management, 44(2), 188-195.
- Brown, R. B., & Woodland, M. J. (1999). Managing knowledge wisely: A case study in organisational behaviour. Journal of applied management studies, 8(2), 175.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı: İstatistik, Araştırma Deseni SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum (Genişletilmiş 20. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Cemaloğlu, N. (2002). Öğretmen performansının artırılmasında okul yöneticisinin rolü. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 153(154), 153-154.
- Cohen, S. G., Chang, L., & Ledford Jr, G. E. (1997). A hierarchical construct of self‐management leadership and its relationship to quality of work life and perceived work group effectiveness. Personnel psychology, 50(2), 275-308.
- Coleman, H. J. (1996). Why employee empowerment is not just a fad. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(4), 29-36.
- Conger, J. A. (1989). The charismatic leader: Behind the mystique of exceptional leadership. Jossey-Bass.
- Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of management review, 13(3), 471-482.
- Craumer, M. (2001). How to coach your employees. Harvard Management Communication Letter, 4(12), 9-11.
- Cummings, L. L., & Schwab, D. P. (1973). Performance in organizations: Determinants & appraisal. Good Year Books.
- Çapar, B. (2005). Bilgi Yönetimi. Coşkun Can Aktan-İstiklal Y. Vural, Çizgi Kitabevi, Konya.
- Davenport, T. H., & Völpel, S. C. (2001). The rise of knowledge towards attention management. Journal of knowledge management, 5(3), 212-222.
- Demirel, Y., & Seçkin, Z. (2011). Örgütsel adaletin bilgi paylaşımı üzerine etkisi: İlaç sektörü çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Bilig Dergisi, 56, 99-119.
- DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications (Vol. 26). Sage publications.
- Dhladhla, T. J. (2011). The influence of leader behaviour, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on turnover intention (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch).
- Ellinger, A. E., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Hult, G. T. M., Elmadağ, A. B., & Richey Jr, R. G. (2008). Market orientation, employee development practices, and performance in logistics service provider firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(4), 353-366.
- Erdoğan, İ. (1991). İşletmelerde personel seçimi ve başarı değerleme teknikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
- Edwards, B. D., Bell, S. T., Arthur, Jr, W., & Decuir, A. D. (2008). Relationships between facets of job satisfaction and task and contextual performance. Applied psychology, 57(3), 441-465.
- Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, I., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223.
- Ferris, G.R., & Rowland, K.M. (1981). Leadership, job perceptions, and influence: A conceptual integration. Human Relations, 34, 1069-1078.
- Gao, F. Y., & Bai, S. (2011). The effects of transformational leadership on organizational commitment of family employees in Chinese family business. In International Conference on Economic Trade and Development (Vol. 7, pp. 43-48).
- George, J. M. (1991). State or trait: Effects of positive mood on prosocial behaviors at work. Journal of applied Psychology, 76(2), 299.
- Georgopoulos, Basil S., & Arnold S. T. (1997). A Study Of Organizational Effectiveness. American Sociological Review, 22, 534-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2089477 23.05.2015.
- Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78, 78−90.
- Goodhue, D. L., & Thompson, R. L. (1995). Task-technology fit and individual performance. MIS quarterly, 213-236.
- Goodman, L. A. (1960). On the exact variance of products. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55, 708-713.
- Hough, L. (2011). Superintendents’ empowering leadership and district achievement: Does humility produce results? Doctoral Thesis, The George Washington University.
- Howell, J. M., & Hall-Merenda, K. E. (1999). The ties that bind: The impact of leader-member exchange, transformational leadership and transactional leadership, and distance on predicting follower performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 680-694.
- Igbaria, M., & Tan, M. (1997). The consequences of information technology acceptance on subsequent individual performance. Information & management, 32(3), 113-121.
- Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.
- Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and psychological measurement, 20(1), 141-151.
- Karacan, E. (2010). Performans esaslı bütçeleme sistemi ve Türkiye uygulaması. DPT.
- Kelley, S. W. (1992). Developing customer orientation among service employees. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20, 27−36.
- Kılınç, T., & Akkavuk, E. (2001). Takım Performansının Ölçümüne Metodolojik Bir Yaklaşım. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 103-120.
- Kinicki, A.J., McKee-Ryan, F.M., Schriesheim, C.A., & Carson, K.P. (2002), Assessing the construct validity of the Job Descriptive Index: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 14–32.
- Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
- Konan, N., & Celik, O. T. (2018). Turkish Adaptation of the Empowering Leadership Scale for Educational Organizations: A Validity and Reliability Study. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(4), 1043.
- Kurar, H. N. (1996). Performans yönetim sistemleri (Doctoral dissertation, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., McMahon, L., & Kaufmann, C. (1999). Leader behavior impact on staff nurse empowerment, job tension, and work effectiveness. Journal of Nursing Administration, 29(5), 28-39.
- Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. (2011). Multicultural organizations: common language, knowledge sharing and performance. Personnel Review, 40(3), 324-343.
- Manz, C. C., & Sims Jr, H. P. (1991). Superleadership: Beyond the myth of heroic leadership. Organizational dynamics, 19(4), 18-35.
- Manz, C. C., & Sims Jr, H. P. (1987). Leading workers to lead themselves: The external leadership of self-managing work teams. Administrative science quarterly, 106-129.
- Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2001). The new superleadership: Leading others to lead themselves. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- Marchese, M. C., & Muchinsky, P. M. (2003). Concept Charts for Study and Review for Muchinsky's" Psychology Applied to Work". Wadsworth/Thomson.
- Marques, D. V., Cardoso, L., & Zappalá, S. (2008). Knowledge sharing networks and performance. Comportamento Organizacionale Gestão, 14(2), 161-192.
- Mohd, B. E., & Zawiyah, M. Y. (2009). The relationship between knowledge sharing, employee performance and service delivery in public sector organization: A theoretical framework. Public Sector ICT Management Review, 3(1), 37-45.
- Montes, F. J. L., Moreno, A. R., & Morales, V. G. (2005). Influence of support leadership and teamwork cohesion on organizational learning, innovation and performance: an empirical examination. Technovation, 25(10), 1159-1172.
- Moorman, R.H. (1991), Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845–855.
- Ngah, R., & Ibrahim, A. R. (2010). The effect of knowledge sharing on organizational performance in small and medium enterprises.
- Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-1: MINITAB-NCSS-SPSS, Genişletilmiş 5. Baskı, Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi
- Öztürk, A. (2005). İşletmelerde bilgi yönetimi ve bilgi paylaşımı: Eskişehir Türk Telekom’da örnek bir uygulama. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya.
- Palmer, M. J. (1993). Performans Değerlendirmeleri. Rota Yayın Yapım Tanıtım Tic. Ltd. ti., İstanbul.
- Pearce, C. L., Conger, J. A., & Locke, E. A. (2008). Shared leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 622-628.
- Pearce, C. L. & Sims Jr, H. P. (2002). Vertical versus shared leadership as predictors of the effectiveness of change management teams: An examination of aversive, directive, transactional, transformational, and empowering leader behaviors. Group dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(2), 172-197.
- Phillips, R. (1994). Coaching for higher performance. Management Development Review, 7(5), 19−22.
- Rastogi, P. N. (2000). Knowledge management and intellectual capital–the new virtuous reality of competitiveness. Human systems management, 19(1), 39-48.
- Robbins, S. P., & Barnwell, N. (2006). Organisation theory: Concepts and cases. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.
- Saetang, J., Sulumnad, K., Thampitak, P., & Sungkaew, T. (2010). Factors affecting perceived job performance among staff: A case study of Ban Karuna Juvenile Vocational Training Centre for boys. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 5(1), 33-45.
- Santos, J. R. A. (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of extension, 37(2), 1-5.
- Saruhan, S. C. & Özdemir, A. Ö. (2004). Değer Hedefli İşletmecilik, Marmara Üniversitesi Nihad Sayar Eğitim Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul, 11.
- Schermerhorn, J. R. & Hunt, J. G. (1994). Managing Organizational Behavior, Wiley Publishing, New York, 4.
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of psychological research online, 8(2), 23-74.
- Sikander, W. (2010). Impact of Leadership Styles on Emplyee’s Performance and Their Health In SME Sector, Superior University (Doctoral dissertation, Master Thesis MBA, Unpublication, 99: 20-34).
- Sims Jr, H. P., Faraj, S., & Yun, S. (2009). When should a leader be directive or empowering? How to develop your own situational theory of leadership. Business Horizons, 52(2), 149-158.
- Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology (290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., & Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering leadership in management teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy, and performance. Academy of management journal, 49(6), 1239-1251.
- Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
- Tekin H., (1977). Eğitimde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme. Ankara: Mars Matbaası.
- Townsend, R., & Bennis, W. (1997). Reinventing Leadership: Strategies to Empower the Organization. William Morrow & Company, New York, NY.
- Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations, 8th global ed., Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited.
- Yun, S., Cox, J., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2006). The forgotten follower: A contingency model of leadership and follower self-leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(4), 374-388.
- Wang, H., Law, K.S., Hackett, R.D., Wang, D., & Chen, Z.X. (2005), Leadermember exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 420-432.
- Xue, Y., Bradley, J., & Liang, H. (2011). Team climate, empowering leadership, and knowledge sharing. Journal of knowledge management, 15(2), 299-312.
Güçlendirici Liderlik ve Bilgi Paylaşımının Örgüt ve Örgüt Çalışanları Üzerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 593 - 612, 01.07.2020
Fatma Sönmez Çakır
,
Zafer Adıgüzel
Öz
Dinamik bir yapıya sahip olan hizmet sektöründe bilgi ve bilgi paylaşımı oldukça önemlidir. Bilgi paylaşımının çalışanlar arasında verimli yapılması işlerin doğru yapılması açısından da önemlidir. Bilgi paylaşımının istenilen seviyede verimli olabilmesi için liderlik özellikleri ön plana çıkabilmektedir. Güçlendirici liderliğin çalışanlar üzerinde olumlu yönde etkisinin olduğu açıklanabilmektedir. Bu kapsam da, çalışmanın amacı hizmet sektörün de (lojistik firmaları) güçlendirici liderlik, bilgi paylaşımı, çalışan performansı, örgüt performansı ve iş performansı değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkilerin analiz edilmesidir. Analizler sonucunda; güçlendirici liderliğin ve bilgi paylaşımının; çalışan performansı, örgütsel performansı ve iş performansı değişkenlerine olumlu yönde etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Gönüllülük esasına dayalı olarak lojistik firmalarında çalışan beyaz yakalı 386 personele anket uygulanmıştır. SPSS 25 ve LISREL 8.80 programları kullanılarak elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Değişkenleri temsil eden ölçeklerle ilgili olarak faktör ve güvenirlilik analizi yapıldıktan sonra, korelasyon analizi, hipotezlerin test edilmesinde regresyon analizi ve sobel testi de aracı değişken etkisinin analizi için yapılmıştır.
Kaynakça
- Akgül, Y. (2015). Örgüt stratejileri destekli bilgi yönetim sürecinin örgütsel yenilik ve teknoloji aracılığıyla örgütsel performansı etkilemesi: Borsa İstanbul örneği (Doctoral dissertation, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
- Aksoy, Y., Ayranci, E., & Gozukara, E. (2016). A Research on the Relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Employee Performance: The Moderating Role of Unethical Behaviors in Organizational Level. European Scientific Journal, 12(4).
- Albrecht, S. L., & Andreetta, M. (2011). The influence of empowering leadership, empowerment and engagement on affective commitment and turnover intentions in community health service workers: Test of a model. Leadership in health services, 24(3), 228-237.
- Arnold, J. A., Arad, S., Rhoades, J. A., & Drasgow, F. (2000). The empowering leadership questionnaire: The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring leader behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(3), 249-269.
- Aroian, L. A. (1947). The probability function of the product of two normally distributed variables. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 265-271.
- Avcu, M. S. (2016). Stratejik yönetim süreçlerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık ve çalışan performansı uzerine etkileri ve Atatürk Havaalanı ofis çalışanları örneği (Master's thesis, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
- Avolio, B. J., & Bass, B. M. (1995). Individual consideration viewed at multiple levels of analysis: A multi-level framework for examining the diffusion of transformational leadership. The leadership quarterly, 6(2), 199-218.
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of personality and social psychology, 51(6), 1173.
- Bartol, K. M., & Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(1), 64-76.
- Baş, İ. M. (1999). Şirket toplam performans yönetimi: Kimya sektöründe bir uygulama. 8. Kalite Kongresi.
- Başar, D. (2016). Stratejik İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Uygulamaları, Rekabetçi Örgüt Kültürü Oryantasyonları İle Firma Ve Çalışan Performansı Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye’de Faaliyet Gösteren Katılım Bankaları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Gebze.
- Başaran, İ. E. (2000). Örgütsel Davranış: İnsanın Üretim Gücü, Ankara: Bilim Kitap Kırtasiye.
- Bayram, L. (2005). Yönetimde Yeni Bir Paradigma: Örgütsel Bağlilik. Sayiştay Dergisi, 59, 125-139.
- Beckman, T. J. (1999). The current state of knowledge management. Knowledge management handbook, 1(5), 1-1.
- Benligiray, S. (1999). İnsan kaynakları açısından otellerde performans yönetimi. Anadolu Üniversitesi.
- Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997), Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109.
- Boyd, M., Huang, S. M., Jiang, J. J., & Klein, G. (2007). Discrepancies between desired and perceived measures of performance of IS professionals: Views of the IS professionals themselves and the users. Information & Management, 44(2), 188-195.
- Brown, R. B., & Woodland, M. J. (1999). Managing knowledge wisely: A case study in organisational behaviour. Journal of applied management studies, 8(2), 175.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı: İstatistik, Araştırma Deseni SPSS Uygulamaları ve Yorum (Genişletilmiş 20. Baskı), Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Cemaloğlu, N. (2002). Öğretmen performansının artırılmasında okul yöneticisinin rolü. Milli Eğitim Dergisi, 153(154), 153-154.
- Cohen, S. G., Chang, L., & Ledford Jr, G. E. (1997). A hierarchical construct of self‐management leadership and its relationship to quality of work life and perceived work group effectiveness. Personnel psychology, 50(2), 275-308.
- Coleman, H. J. (1996). Why employee empowerment is not just a fad. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 17(4), 29-36.
- Conger, J. A. (1989). The charismatic leader: Behind the mystique of exceptional leadership. Jossey-Bass.
- Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1988). The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of management review, 13(3), 471-482.
- Craumer, M. (2001). How to coach your employees. Harvard Management Communication Letter, 4(12), 9-11.
- Cummings, L. L., & Schwab, D. P. (1973). Performance in organizations: Determinants & appraisal. Good Year Books.
- Çapar, B. (2005). Bilgi Yönetimi. Coşkun Can Aktan-İstiklal Y. Vural, Çizgi Kitabevi, Konya.
- Davenport, T. H., & Völpel, S. C. (2001). The rise of knowledge towards attention management. Journal of knowledge management, 5(3), 212-222.
- Demirel, Y., & Seçkin, Z. (2011). Örgütsel adaletin bilgi paylaşımı üzerine etkisi: İlaç sektörü çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Bilig Dergisi, 56, 99-119.
- DeVellis, R. F. (2016). Scale development: Theory and applications (Vol. 26). Sage publications.
- Dhladhla, T. J. (2011). The influence of leader behaviour, psychological empowerment, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on turnover intention (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch).
- Ellinger, A. E., Ketchen Jr, D. J., Hult, G. T. M., Elmadağ, A. B., & Richey Jr, R. G. (2008). Market orientation, employee development practices, and performance in logistics service provider firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 37(4), 353-366.
- Erdoğan, İ. (1991). İşletmelerde personel seçimi ve başarı değerleme teknikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi.
- Edwards, B. D., Bell, S. T., Arthur, Jr, W., & Decuir, A. D. (2008). Relationships between facets of job satisfaction and task and contextual performance. Applied psychology, 57(3), 441-465.
- Erkorkmaz, Ü., Etikan, I., Demir, O., Özdamar, K., & Sanisoğlu, S. Y. (2013). Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve uyum indeksleri. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 210-223.
- Ferris, G.R., & Rowland, K.M. (1981). Leadership, job perceptions, and influence: A conceptual integration. Human Relations, 34, 1069-1078.
- Gao, F. Y., & Bai, S. (2011). The effects of transformational leadership on organizational commitment of family employees in Chinese family business. In International Conference on Economic Trade and Development (Vol. 7, pp. 43-48).
- George, J. M. (1991). State or trait: Effects of positive mood on prosocial behaviors at work. Journal of applied Psychology, 76(2), 299.
- Georgopoulos, Basil S., & Arnold S. T. (1997). A Study Of Organizational Effectiveness. American Sociological Review, 22, 534-540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2089477 23.05.2015.
- Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78, 78−90.
- Goodhue, D. L., & Thompson, R. L. (1995). Task-technology fit and individual performance. MIS quarterly, 213-236.
- Goodman, L. A. (1960). On the exact variance of products. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 55, 708-713.
- Hough, L. (2011). Superintendents’ empowering leadership and district achievement: Does humility produce results? Doctoral Thesis, The George Washington University.
- Howell, J. M., & Hall-Merenda, K. E. (1999). The ties that bind: The impact of leader-member exchange, transformational leadership and transactional leadership, and distance on predicting follower performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 680-694.
- Igbaria, M., & Tan, M. (1997). The consequences of information technology acceptance on subsequent individual performance. Information & management, 32(3), 113-121.
- Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Scientific Software International.
- Kaiser, H. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and psychological measurement, 20(1), 141-151.
- Karacan, E. (2010). Performans esaslı bütçeleme sistemi ve Türkiye uygulaması. DPT.
- Kelley, S. W. (1992). Developing customer orientation among service employees. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 20, 27−36.
- Kılınç, T., & Akkavuk, E. (2001). Takım Performansının Ölçümüne Metodolojik Bir Yaklaşım. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 103-120.
- Kinicki, A.J., McKee-Ryan, F.M., Schriesheim, C.A., & Carson, K.P. (2002), Assessing the construct validity of the Job Descriptive Index: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 14–32.
- Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
- Konan, N., & Celik, O. T. (2018). Turkish Adaptation of the Empowering Leadership Scale for Educational Organizations: A Validity and Reliability Study. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(4), 1043.
- Kurar, H. N. (1996). Performans yönetim sistemleri (Doctoral dissertation, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
- Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., McMahon, L., & Kaufmann, C. (1999). Leader behavior impact on staff nurse empowerment, job tension, and work effectiveness. Journal of Nursing Administration, 29(5), 28-39.
- Lauring, J., & Selmer, J. (2011). Multicultural organizations: common language, knowledge sharing and performance. Personnel Review, 40(3), 324-343.
- Manz, C. C., & Sims Jr, H. P. (1991). Superleadership: Beyond the myth of heroic leadership. Organizational dynamics, 19(4), 18-35.
- Manz, C. C., & Sims Jr, H. P. (1987). Leading workers to lead themselves: The external leadership of self-managing work teams. Administrative science quarterly, 106-129.
- Manz, C. C., & Sims, H. P. (2001). The new superleadership: Leading others to lead themselves. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- Marchese, M. C., & Muchinsky, P. M. (2003). Concept Charts for Study and Review for Muchinsky's" Psychology Applied to Work". Wadsworth/Thomson.
- Marques, D. V., Cardoso, L., & Zappalá, S. (2008). Knowledge sharing networks and performance. Comportamento Organizacionale Gestão, 14(2), 161-192.
- Mohd, B. E., & Zawiyah, M. Y. (2009). The relationship between knowledge sharing, employee performance and service delivery in public sector organization: A theoretical framework. Public Sector ICT Management Review, 3(1), 37-45.
- Montes, F. J. L., Moreno, A. R., & Morales, V. G. (2005). Influence of support leadership and teamwork cohesion on organizational learning, innovation and performance: an empirical examination. Technovation, 25(10), 1159-1172.
- Moorman, R.H. (1991), Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 845–855.
- Ngah, R., & Ibrahim, A. R. (2010). The effect of knowledge sharing on organizational performance in small and medium enterprises.
- Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Özdamar, K. (2004). Paket Programlar İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-1: MINITAB-NCSS-SPSS, Genişletilmiş 5. Baskı, Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi
- Öztürk, A. (2005). İşletmelerde bilgi yönetimi ve bilgi paylaşımı: Eskişehir Türk Telekom’da örnek bir uygulama. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kütahya.
- Palmer, M. J. (1993). Performans Değerlendirmeleri. Rota Yayın Yapım Tanıtım Tic. Ltd. ti., İstanbul.
- Pearce, C. L., Conger, J. A., & Locke, E. A. (2008). Shared leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(5), 622-628.
- Pearce, C. L. & Sims Jr, H. P. (2002). Vertical versus shared leadership as predictors of the effectiveness of change management teams: An examination of aversive, directive, transactional, transformational, and empowering leader behaviors. Group dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 6(2), 172-197.
- Phillips, R. (1994). Coaching for higher performance. Management Development Review, 7(5), 19−22.
- Rastogi, P. N. (2000). Knowledge management and intellectual capital–the new virtuous reality of competitiveness. Human systems management, 19(1), 39-48.
- Robbins, S. P., & Barnwell, N. (2006). Organisation theory: Concepts and cases. Frenchs Forest, NSW: Pearson Education Australia.
- Saetang, J., Sulumnad, K., Thampitak, P., & Sungkaew, T. (2010). Factors affecting perceived job performance among staff: A case study of Ban Karuna Juvenile Vocational Training Centre for boys. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 5(1), 33-45.
- Santos, J. R. A. (1999). Cronbach’s alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of extension, 37(2), 1-5.
- Saruhan, S. C. & Özdemir, A. Ö. (2004). Değer Hedefli İşletmecilik, Marmara Üniversitesi Nihad Sayar Eğitim Vakfı Yayınları, İstanbul, 11.
- Schermerhorn, J. R. & Hunt, J. G. (1994). Managing Organizational Behavior, Wiley Publishing, New York, 4.
- Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of psychological research online, 8(2), 23-74.
- Sikander, W. (2010). Impact of Leadership Styles on Emplyee’s Performance and Their Health In SME Sector, Superior University (Doctoral dissertation, Master Thesis MBA, Unpublication, 99: 20-34).
- Sims Jr, H. P., Faraj, S., & Yun, S. (2009). When should a leader be directive or empowering? How to develop your own situational theory of leadership. Business Horizons, 52(2), 149-158.
- Sobel, M. E. (1982). Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. In S. Leinhart (Ed.), Sociological methodology (290-312). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Srivastava, A., Bartol, K. M., & Locke, E. A. (2006). Empowering leadership in management teams: Effects on knowledge sharing, efficacy, and performance. Academy of management journal, 49(6), 1239-1251.
- Tavşancıl, E. (2002). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve SPSS ile veri analizi. Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
- Tekin H., (1977). Eğitimde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme. Ankara: Mars Matbaası.
- Townsend, R., & Bennis, W. (1997). Reinventing Leadership: Strategies to Empower the Organization. William Morrow & Company, New York, NY.
- Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations, 8th global ed., Edinburgh Gate, Harlow, England: Pearson Education Limited.
- Yun, S., Cox, J., & Sims Jr, H. P. (2006). The forgotten follower: A contingency model of leadership and follower self-leadership. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(4), 374-388.
- Wang, H., Law, K.S., Hackett, R.D., Wang, D., & Chen, Z.X. (2005), Leadermember exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 420-432.
- Xue, Y., Bradley, J., & Liang, H. (2011). Team climate, empowering leadership, and knowledge sharing. Journal of knowledge management, 15(2), 299-312.