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“Beyond the Skin Cognition” in Context of Embodied Cognition: Effect of Historical-Cultural Psychology Paradigm

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 17, 2093 - 2118, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.525501

Öz

The
theoretical approaches of Vygotsky and Luria, who deal with cognitive behavior
as a product of the social and cultural environment in which the individual
produces a behavior or learns a behavior in a historical-cultural context, have
become popular in western psychology in the late years. Beginning from 1930’s
this approach, also known as cultural-historical paradigm, has
evaluated cognitive behavior and
development of human cognitive systems as not just an end-product of a
maturation of ontogenicallu based isolated development of central nervous
system, but indeed it was built as an approach considering these processes as
integrated especially within a cultural frame in which interaction of inner and
outer environmental factors surrounding organism take place. However, the
traditional cognitive approach has evaluated cognitive behavior and cognitive
development as a product of the individual and species-specific development of
the central nervous system for many years almost as a closed circuit structure
and has strongly emphasized central and hypothetical processes such as internal
representations. On the other hand, recent findings, comprising humans and
vertebrates, and invertebrates as well,
indicate that various cognitive functions that seem to demand a central
processor to be accomplished at first glance can be achieved without central
processing which raises the possibility that cognition might be a product of a
more simplistic and
general mechanism.   This
situation, which points to paradigm change that is important from the merits of
cognitive psychology and related practical areas such as educational
psychology, is an interesting and important change in terms of the history of
psychology and the history of science. 

Kaynakça

  • Adam, H., and Galinsky, A. (2012). Enclothed cognition. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 918–925.
  • Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral Brain Science, 22, 577–660.
  • Bernieri, F. (1988). Coordinated movement and rapport in teacher-student interactions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,12(2), 120–138
  • Carlson, S. M., Mandell, D. J.,Williams, L. (2004). Executive function and theory of mind: Stability and prediction from ages 2 to 3. Developmental Psychology,40, 1105–1122.
  • Chemero, A. (2009). Radical embodied cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Chomsky, N. (1959). Verbal behavior. Language, 35, 26–58.
  • Clark, A. (1999). An embodied cognitive science? Trends in Cognitive Science, 3, 345–351.
  • Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes’ error: emotions, reason and the human brain. London: Papermac.
  • Forman, E. A. ve Kraker, M. J. (1985). The social origins of logic: The contributions of Piaget and Vygotsky. New Directions in Child Development, 29:23—29.
  • Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Über das gedächtnis: untersuchungen zur experimentellen psychologie. Duncker & Humblot.
  • Eerland, A., Guadalupe, T., ve Zwaan, R. (2011). Leaning to the left makes the Eiffel Tower seem smaller: posture-modulated estimation. Psychological Science, 22, 1511–1514.
  • Galperin, P. (1992). Organization of mental activity and the effectiveness of learning. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 30(4), 65–82.
  • Glenberg, A. M., ve Kaschak, M. P. (2002). Grounding language in action. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 9, 558–565.
  • Hubel, D. H., ve Wiesel, T. N. (1963). Receptive fields of cells in striate cortex of very young, visually inexperienced kittens. Journal of Neurophysiology, 26(6), 994–1002.
  • Kelly, J., ve Barsade S. (2001). Mood contagion in small groups and work teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 86(1): 99–130.
  • Kotik-Friedgut, B. (2006). Development of the Lurian approach: A cultural neurolinguistic perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 16, 43–52.
  • Kuhn, T. S. (2012). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago press.
  • Luria, A. R. (1980). Higher cortical functions in man. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Luria, A. R. (2002). L.S. Vygotsky and the problem of functional localization. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 40(1), 17–25.
  • Miles, L., Nind, L., ve Macrae, C. (2010). Moving through time. Psychological Science, 21, 222–223.
  • Öman, A., A. Flykt, ve F. Esteves. 2001. Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 130(3): 466–478
  • Shapiro, L. (2011). Embodied Cognition. New York: Routledge Press.
  • Stern, D. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant: a view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. New York: Basic Books.
  • Trevarthen, C. 1979. Communication and cooperation in early infancy: a description of primary intersubjectivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and speech. (N. Minick, Trans.). In R. Rieber & A.Carton (Eds.), The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky: Vol. 1 (pp. 39–285) New York,NY: Plenum Press.
  • Wells, A., ve Matthews G. (1994). Attention and emotion. A clinical perspective. East Sussex: Psychology.
  • Wilson, A. D., & Golonka, S. (2013). Embodied Cognition is Not What you Think it is. Frontiers in Psychology,1-4.
  • Wright, W., ve G. Bower. 1992. Mood effects on subjective probability assessment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 52(2): 276–291.

Bedenselleşmiş Biliş Kavramı Bağlamında “Beden-Ötesi Biliş”: Tarihsel-Kültürel Psikoloji Paradigmasının Etkisi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 17, 2093 - 2118, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.525501

Öz

Bilişsel davranışı tarihsel-kültürel bir bağlam
içerisinde o davranışı üreten ya da bir davranışı öğrenen bireyin üyesi olduğu
toplumsal ve kültürel çevrenin bir ürünü olarak ele alan Vygotsky ve Luria’nın
kuramsal yaklaşımları batı psikolojisinde oldukça geç yıllarda popüler hale
gelmeye başlamıştır. Tarihsel-kültürel paradigma olarak da tanımlanan bu
yaklaşım 1930’lu yıllardan itibaren bilişsel davranışı ve insan bilişsel
sistemlerin gelişimini salt ontogenetik temelli ve merkezi sinir sisteminin
izole gelişiminin nihai ürünleri olarak değerlendirilen yürütücü işlevlerin
olgunlaşmasından daha öte, organizma-içi ve organizmanın içinde bulunduğu
bilhassa kültürel çevre ile etkileşimi içerisinde bütünleşik olarak ele alan
bir yaklaşım olarak inşa edilmiştir. Buna mukabil geleneksel bilişselci yaklaşım
ise bilişsel davranışı ve bilişsel gelişimi merkezi sinir sisteminin bireye ve
türe özgü gelişiminin bir ürünü olarak uzun yıllar boyunca neredeyse kapalı bir
devre ekseninde değerlendirmiş, içsel temsiller gibi merkezi ve hipotetik
süreçlere güçlü bir vurgu yapmış bulunmaktadır. Öte yandan, son yıllarda gerek
insan ve gerekse, omurgalı-omurgasız, diğer canlıların ilk bakışta son derece
karmaşık ve mutlaka aracı-bilişsel süreçlere yapılabilmeleri için gereksinim
varmış gibi görünen çok çeşitli davranışların görece basit algısal-motor
düzenlemeler ile merkezi bir işlemciye gerek duymaksızın yapılabildiği
yönündeki bulgular biliş kavramının klasik manada ele alınandan daha sade ve
daha genel bir mekanizmanın ürünü olabileceğine işaret etmiş bulunmaktadır.
Bilişsel psikolojide ve eğitim psikolojisi gibi ilgili uygulamalı alanlarda
esastan önem arz eden bir paradigma değişimine işaret eden bu durum, ilerlerken
bu ilerleyişin önceki alternatif kuramsal yaklaşımların yeniden ele alınması
üzerinden işlemesi, hem psikoloji tarihi bakımından hem de bilim tarihi
bakımından ilginç ve önemli bir değişim süreci niteliğini bünyesinde
barındırmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Adam, H., and Galinsky, A. (2012). Enclothed cognition. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 918–925.
  • Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral Brain Science, 22, 577–660.
  • Bernieri, F. (1988). Coordinated movement and rapport in teacher-student interactions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,12(2), 120–138
  • Carlson, S. M., Mandell, D. J.,Williams, L. (2004). Executive function and theory of mind: Stability and prediction from ages 2 to 3. Developmental Psychology,40, 1105–1122.
  • Chemero, A. (2009). Radical embodied cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Chomsky, N. (1959). Verbal behavior. Language, 35, 26–58.
  • Clark, A. (1999). An embodied cognitive science? Trends in Cognitive Science, 3, 345–351.
  • Damasio, A. (1994). Descartes’ error: emotions, reason and the human brain. London: Papermac.
  • Forman, E. A. ve Kraker, M. J. (1985). The social origins of logic: The contributions of Piaget and Vygotsky. New Directions in Child Development, 29:23—29.
  • Ebbinghaus, H. (1885). Über das gedächtnis: untersuchungen zur experimentellen psychologie. Duncker & Humblot.
  • Eerland, A., Guadalupe, T., ve Zwaan, R. (2011). Leaning to the left makes the Eiffel Tower seem smaller: posture-modulated estimation. Psychological Science, 22, 1511–1514.
  • Galperin, P. (1992). Organization of mental activity and the effectiveness of learning. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 30(4), 65–82.
  • Glenberg, A. M., ve Kaschak, M. P. (2002). Grounding language in action. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 9, 558–565.
  • Hubel, D. H., ve Wiesel, T. N. (1963). Receptive fields of cells in striate cortex of very young, visually inexperienced kittens. Journal of Neurophysiology, 26(6), 994–1002.
  • Kelly, J., ve Barsade S. (2001). Mood contagion in small groups and work teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 86(1): 99–130.
  • Kotik-Friedgut, B. (2006). Development of the Lurian approach: A cultural neurolinguistic perspective. Neuropsychology Review, 16, 43–52.
  • Kuhn, T. S. (2012). The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago press.
  • Luria, A. R. (1980). Higher cortical functions in man. New York, NY: Basic Books.
  • Luria, A. R. (2002). L.S. Vygotsky and the problem of functional localization. Journal of Russian and East European Psychology, 40(1), 17–25.
  • Miles, L., Nind, L., ve Macrae, C. (2010). Moving through time. Psychological Science, 21, 222–223.
  • Öman, A., A. Flykt, ve F. Esteves. 2001. Emotion drives attention: detecting the snake in the grass. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 130(3): 466–478
  • Shapiro, L. (2011). Embodied Cognition. New York: Routledge Press.
  • Stern, D. (1985). The interpersonal world of the infant: a view from psychoanalysis and developmental psychology. New York: Basic Books.
  • Trevarthen, C. 1979. Communication and cooperation in early infancy: a description of primary intersubjectivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Vygotsky, L. S. (1987). Thinking and speech. (N. Minick, Trans.). In R. Rieber & A.Carton (Eds.), The collected works of L. S. Vygotsky: Vol. 1 (pp. 39–285) New York,NY: Plenum Press.
  • Wells, A., ve Matthews G. (1994). Attention and emotion. A clinical perspective. East Sussex: Psychology.
  • Wilson, A. D., & Golonka, S. (2013). Embodied Cognition is Not What you Think it is. Frontiers in Psychology,1-4.
  • Wright, W., ve G. Bower. 1992. Mood effects on subjective probability assessment. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 52(2): 276–291.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Temel Alper Karslı 0000-0003-3563-7565

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi 7 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Karslı, T. A. (2019). Bedenselleşmiş Biliş Kavramı Bağlamında “Beden-Ötesi Biliş”: Tarihsel-Kültürel Psikoloji Paradigmasının Etkisi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 2093-2118. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.525501