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İş Yükünün Kadınların Psikolojik Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisinde Ev İçi İş Bölümünün Düzenleyicilik Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33, 193 - 220, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.756225

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kadınlarda iş yükü algısının psikolojik sağlık üzerindeki etkisinde ev işlerinin eşler arası dağılımının düzenleyicilik etkisini araştırmaktır. Türkiye’de 7 farklı ilde yürütülen araştırmaya farklı gelir, meslek ve eğitim düzeylerinden 814 çoklu rol sahibi (evli, çoçuk sahibi, çalışan) kadın katılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre ev içi iş bölümünün dağılımında kadınlar aleyhine belirgin bir eşitsizlik söz konusudur. Ev işlerinin eşler arası dağılımında elde edilen ortalama değer 3,91’dir (5 ev içi işlerin hepsini kadınların yaptığını, 1 ise tüm işleri erkeklerin yaptığını ifade etmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda kadınların iş yüklerini yüksek olarak algıladığı (ort: 2.4) ve ev içi iş bölümünün, örneklemin %84’ünde kadınlar aleyhine, %15’inde eşleri ile ortak ve %1’inde eşleri aleyhine dağıldığı görülmektedir. Kadınlarda iş yükü algısı psikolojik sağlık üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahiptir. Yüksek iş yükü algısı özellikle anksiyete ve depresyon tecrübe etme riskini arttırmaktadır. Ev işlerinin dağılımı psikolojik sağlığın iki alt boyutu üzerinde p<.05 güven aralığında anlamlı etkilere (A&D üzerinde β: 0,051; SİB üzerinde ise 0,095) sahiptir. Bununla birlikte iş yükünün psikolojik sağlık üzerindeki olumsuz etkisinin ev içi işlerin dağılımındaki eşitsizliğin artmasıyla birlikte güçlendiği görülmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Sakarya Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeler Koordinatörlüğü, Tez Projesi

Proje Numarası

2017-60-02-001

Kaynakça

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The Effects of Workload on Women’s Psychological Health

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33, 193 - 220, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.756225

Öz

The aim of the study is to test the effect of the workload on psychological health of women with multiple roles with moderation roles of division of household labor. 814 women with multiple roles (working married mother who are from different occupaitons, levels of income, education) from seven different cities which are located at Turkey contributed this research. According to results, the division of household labor unequally distributed against women. The average is obtained in the distribution of household is 3.91 (5 indicates that all household is done by women, 1 indicates that all household is done by men). Unequal distribution is relevant for %84 of the sample. Percieve their workload as high (mean: 2,4) and division of household labor distributed as: against women %84, equally %15, against men %1 of the sample. The workload has negative effects on psychological health. The increase in workload noteworthily increase the risk to experienece anxiety and depression. Besides the inequality in the division of household labor against women moderate the negative relation between workload and psychological health.

Proje Numarası

2017-60-02-001

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad-Nia, S. (2002). Women’s work and health in Iran: A comparison of working and non-working mothers. Social Science ve Medicine, 54(5), 753–765. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00107-1
  • Arber S. 1991. Class, paid employment and family roles: making sense of structural disadvantage, gender, and health status. Soc. Sci. Med. 32, 425–36
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  • Arber, S., Gilbert, G. N., ve Dale, A. (1985). Paid employment and women’s health: A benefit or a source of role strain? Sociology Of Health ve Illness, 7(3), 375–400. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/1467-9566.Ep10834014
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  • Banks, M. H. (1983). Validation of the general health questionnaire in a young community sample. Psychological Medicine, 13(2), 349–353. Https://Doi.Org/DOI: 10.1017/S0033291700050972
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  • Lordoğlu, K., ve Özkaplan, N. (2005). Çalışma iktisadı. İstanbul: Der Yayınları
  • Madsen, S. R. (2001). Work and family conflict: A review of the theory and literature. Tulsa, Oklahoma: Academy Of Human Resource Development Conference Proceedings (Symposium 22)
  • Madsen, S. R. (2003). The effects of home-based teleworking on work-family conflict. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(1), 35–58. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Hrdq.1049
  • Mcbride, A. B. (1990). Mental health effects of women’s multiple roles. Addictions Nursing Network, 2(3), 4–14. Https://Doi.Org/10.3109/10884609009149669
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  • Meijman, T. F. ve Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In Handbook of Work and Organizational: Work Psychology içinde (cilt: 2, 2nd Ed., s.5–33), Hove, England: Psychology Press/Erlbaum (UK) Taylor & Francis.
  • Memiş, E., ve Özay, Ö. (2011). Eviçi uğraşlardan iktisatta karşılıksız emeğe: Türkiye üzerine yapılan çalışmalara ilişkin bir değerlendirme. In S. Sancar (Ed.), Birkaç Arpa Boyu içinde(Vol. 21, 249–280). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları
  • Moen, P., Dempster-Mcclain, D., ve Williams Robin M. (1992). Successful aging: A life-course perspective on women’s multiple roles and health. American Journal Of Sociology, 97(6), 1612–1638. Https://Doi.Org/10.1086/229941
  • Molarius, A., Granström, F., Lindén-Boström, M., ve Elo, S. (2013). Domestic work and self-rated health among women and men aged 25–64 years: Results from a population-based survey in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 42(1), 52–59. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/1403494813503056
  • Montazeri, A., Harirchi, A. M., Shariati, M., Garmaroudi, G., Ebadi, M., ve Fateh, A. (2003). The 12-item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12): Translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Health And Quality Of Life Outcomes, 1(1), 66. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/1477-7525-1-66.
  • Nathanson, C. A. (1980). Social roles and health status among women: The significance of employment. Social Science ve Medicine. Part A: Medical Psychology ve Medical Sociology, 14(6), 463–471. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/S0271-7123(80)80050-2
  • Noor, N. M. (2004). Work-family conflict, work- and family-role salience, and women’s well-being. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144(4), 389–406. Https://Doi.Org/10.3200/SOCP.144.4.389-406
  • Northcott, H. C. (1980). Women, work, and health. The Pacific Sociological Review, 23(4), 393–404. doi:10.2307/1388732
  • Ozer, E. M. (1995). The ımpact of childcare responsibility and self-efficacy on the psychological health of professional working mothers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 19(3), 315–335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471- 6402.1995.tb00078.x
  • Perry-Jenkins, M., ve Folk, K. (1994). Class, couples, and conflict: Effects of the division of labor on assessments of marriage İn Dual-Earner Families. Journal Of Marriage And Family, 56(1), 165–180. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/352711
  • Qureshi, M. I., Iftikhar, M., Abbas, S. G., Hassan, U., Khan K. ve Zaman, K. (2013). Relationship between job stress, workload, environment and employees turnover ıntentions: What we know, what should we know. World Applied Sciences Journal, 764-770. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.23.06.313
  • Reskin, B. F., ve Coverman, S. (1985). Sex and race in the determinants of psychophysical distress: A reappraisal of the sex-role hypothesis. Social Forces, 63(4), 1038–1059. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Sf/63.4.1038
  • Roxburgh, S., 1997. The Effect of children on the mental health of women ın the paid labor force. Journal of Family Issues 18(3), 270-289.
  • Ruderman, M. N., Ohlott, P. J., Panzer, K., ve King, S. N. (2002). Benefits of multiple roles for managerial women. Academy Of Management Journal, 45(2), 369–386. Https://Doi.Org/10.5465/3069352
  • Rydstedt, L. W., Johansson, G., ve Evans, G. W. (1998). A longitudinal study of workload, health and well-being among male and female urban bus drivers. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 71, 35– 45.
  • Sánchez-López, M. Del P., ve Dresch, V. (2008). The 12-ıtem general health questionnaire (GHQ-12): Reliability, External validity and factor structure in the spanish population. Psicothema, 20(4), 839–843.
  • Sanz-Vergel, A. I., Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., ve Moreno-Jiménez, B. (2011). Daily detachment from work and home: The moderating effect of role salience. Human Relations, 64(6), 775–799. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0018726710393368
  • Savran, G. A., ve Demiryontan, N. T. (2008). Kadının görünmeyen emeği. İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Sharma, J., Dhar, R. L., ve Tyagi, A. (2016). Stress as a mediator between work–family conflict and psychological health among the nursing staff: Moderating role of emotional intelligence. Applied Nursing Research, 30, 268–275. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Apnr.2015.01.010
  • Shelton, B. A., ve John, D. (1996). The division of household labor. Annual Review Of Sociology, 22(1), 299–322. Https://Doi.Org/10.1146/Annurev.Soc.22.1.299
  • Sieber, S. D. (1974). Toward a theory of role accumulation. American Sociological Review, 39(4), 567–578. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/2094422
  • Sorensen, G., ve Verbrugge, L. M. (1987). Women, work, and health. Annual Review Of Public Health, 8(1), 235– 251. Https://Doi.Org/10.1146/Annurev.Pu.08.050187.001315
  • Staland-Nyman, C., Alexanderson, K., ve Hensing, G. (2008). Associations between strain in domestic work and self-rated health: A study of employed women in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal Of Public Health, 36(1), 21–27. Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/1403494807085307
  • Svedberg, P., Mather, L., Bergström, G., Lindfors, P., ve Blom, V. (2018). Work-home ınterference, perceived total workload, and the risk of future sickness absence due to stress-related mental diagnoses among women and men: A prospective twin study. International Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 25(1), 103–111. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12529-017-9669-9
  • Thoits, P. A. (1983). Multiple ıdentities and psychological well-being: A reformulation and test of the social ısolation hypothesis. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 174–187. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/2095103
  • Urhan, B., ve Etiler, N. (2011). Sağlık sektöründe kadın emeğinin toplumsal cinsiyet açısından analizi. Çalışma Ve Toplum, 2(29), 191–215.
  • Verbrugge, L. M. (1986). Role Burdens And Physical Health Of Women And Men. Women ve Health, 11(1), 47–77. Https://Doi.Org/10.1300/J013v11n01_04
  • Verdonk, P., Hooftman, W. E., Van Veldhoven, M. J. P. M., Boelens, L. R. M., ve Koppes, L. L. J. (2010). Work-related fatigue: The specific case of highly educated women in the Netherlands. International Archives Of Occupational And Environmental Health, 83(3), 309–321. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S00420-009-0481-Y
  • Voydanoff, P., ve Donnelly, B. W. (1999). multiple roles and psychological distress: The ıntersection of the paid worker, spouse, and parent roles with the role of the adult child. Journal of Marriage And Family, 61(3), 725– 738. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/353573
  • Waldron, I, ve Jacobs, J. A. (1988). Effects of labor force participation on women’s health: New evidence from a longitudinal study. Journal Of Occupational Medicine. : Official Publication Of The Industrial Medical Association, 30(12), 977—983. Https://Doi.Org/10.1097/00043764-198812000-00019
  • Waldron, I., Hughes, M. E., ve Brooks, T. L. (1996). Marriage protection and marriage selection: Prospective evidence for reciprocal effects of marital status and health. Social Science ve Medicine, 43(1), 113–123. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00347-9
  • Waldron, I., ve Jacobs, J. A. (1989). Effects of multiple roles on women’s health: Evidence from a national longitudinal study. Women ve Health, 15(1), 3–20. Https://Doi.Org/10.1300/J013v15n01_02
  • Waldron, I., Weiss, C. C., ve Hughes, M. E. (1998). Interacting effects of multiple roles on women’s health. Journal Of Health And Social Behavior, 39(3), 216–236. Https://Doi.Org/10.2307/2676314
  • Werneke, U., Goldberg, D. P., Yalcın, I., ve Üstün, B. T. (2000). The stability of the factor structure of the general health questionnaire. Psychological Medicine, 30(4), 823–829. Https://Doi.Org/DOI: 10.1017/S0033291799002287
  • Worsley, A., ve Gribbin, C. C. (1977). A factor analytic study of the twelve item general health questionnaire. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 11(4), 269-272.
Toplam 89 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sevim Ünlü 0000-0002-2126-5468

Proje Numarası 2017-60-02-001
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2021
Kabul Tarihi 9 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 33

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünlü, S. (2021). İş Yükünün Kadınların Psikolojik Sağlığı Üzerine Etkisinde Ev İçi İş Bölümünün Düzenleyicilik Etkisi. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 17(33), 193-220. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.756225