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Sergei Skripal: A Study of the Covert Operation to Assassinate the Russian Double Agent

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 38, 5525 - 5544, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.800519

Öz

Intelligence collection still remains one of the fundamental purposes of the intelligence agencies, which sometimes lead them to get involved in insurgency as a part of their counterinsurgent acts covertly or overtly. Covert operation leading to double agent Sergei Skripal, the Russian double agent who formerly worked for MI6, was such a person whose life along with his daughter was at risk, as they were alleged to be poisoned by Novichok agents. While analysing covert operation in general, this study aims at describing the attack on Skripal, as well as investigating into the fact and present with relevant information regarding the attack. Online-based resources have been used for gathering necessary information on the Skripal attack, and the perception claims made by the disparate authorities have been analysed to reach for the final conclusion. This paper concludes that the Novichok attack was particularly aimed at Skripal in Salisbury, which brought the question of Russian involvement. As it is denied from the beginning by Russia, the UK brought the allegation in their parliament blaming it as use of force by Russia which is a clear violation of the UN Charter.

Kaynakça

  • Association, P. (2018, March 18). Sergei Skripal possibly poisoned through car’s air vents, say US media. The Guardian. https://www.theguar-dian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/18/ex-russian-spy-may-have-been-poisoned-by-cars-ventilation-says-us-media
  • Bellingcat Investigation Team. (2018a, September 26). Skripal Suspect Boshirov Identified as GRU Colonel Anatoliy Chepiga. Bellingcat. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2018/09/26/skripal-suspect-boshirov-identified-gru-colonel-anatoliy-chepiga/
  • Bellingcat Investigation Team. (2018b, October 8). Second Skripal Poisoning Suspect Identified as Dr. Alexander Mishkin. Bellingcat. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2018/10/08/se-cond-skripal-poisoning-suspect-identified-as-dr-alexander-mishkin/
  • Berkeley La Raza Law Journal. (1984). Legality of Covert Action under Contemporary International Law. Berkeley La Raza Law Journal, 1(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38GD3N
  • Britovšek, J. (2018). Comparing Counterintelligence and Counterterrorism – Similarities, Issues and Solutions. Varstvoslovje, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, year 20(2), 163–181.
  • Clarke, E., & Vaal, D. D. (2018, February 18). Who is Sergei Skripal, how was the Novichok nerve agent used to poison him and who are the two Russian suspects behind the Salisbury attack? The Sun. https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/5732435/sergei-skripal-russian-spy-poison-novichok-nerve-agent-salisbury-suspects-poisoning/
  • Connor, R. (2018, May 4). Sergei Skripal: The former spy poisoned with a nerve agent | DW | 05.04.2018. DW.COM. https://www.dw.com/en/sergei-skripal-the-former-spy-poisoned-with-a-nerve-agent/a-43268388
  • Cormac, R. (2014, February 13). GCHQ’s Cyber Offensive: Online Covert Action – Ballots & Bullets | School of Politics & International Relations, University of Nottingham. Ballots & Bullets | School of Politics & International Relations, University of Nottingham. http://nottspolitics.org/2014/02/13/gchqs-cyber-offensive-online-covert-action/
  • Cormac, R., Goodman, M. S., and Holman, T. (2016). A Modern-Day Requirement for Co-Ordinated Covert Action: Lessons from the UK’s Intelligence History. The RUSI Journal, 161(2), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2016.1174478
  • Covert action: Uses and misuses. (1987). Strategic Survey, 88(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/04597238708460742
  • Covert Operations Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc. (n.d.). USLegal. Retrieved January 23, 2020, from https://definitions.uslegal.com/c/covert-operations
  • Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms: Vol. Joint Publication 1-02. (2010). Department of Defense. http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary
  • Egor, K. (2018, December 20). Chem segodnya zanimayetsya Sluzhba vneshney razvedki Rossii (What does the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia do today?). Https://Tsargrad.Tv/. https://tsargrad.tv/articles/chem-segodnja-zanimaetsja-sluzhba-vneshnej-razvedki-rossii_175065 Ex-spy Skripal discharged after poisoning. (2018, May 18). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-44165718
  • Fakhrutdinov, R. (2018, March 11). NATO razberetsya: Britaniya zhaluyetsya na otravleniye shpionа (NATO will figure out: Britain complains about spy poisoning). Газета.Ru. https://www.gazeta.ru/social/2018/03/11-/11678509.shtml
  • Federal Law of January 10, 1996 N 5-ФЗ "On Foreign Intelligence. (n.d.). [Official]. Http://Ivo.Garant.Ru/. Retrieved January 23, 2020, from http://ivo.garant.ru/#/document/10135745/paragraph/12797:0
  • Haslam, J. (2016). Near and Distant Neighbors: A New History of Soviet Intelligence (Reprint Ed). Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Haynes, D., Hamilton, F., and Simpson, J. (2018, March 16). Russia: Salisbury poison fears allayed by doctor. The Times. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/russia-salisbury-poison-fears-allayed-by-doctor-vf9v0zg0m
  • Hopkins, N., MacAskill, E., and Harding, L. (2018, August 6). UK poised to ask Russia to extradite Salisbury attack suspects. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/aug/06/uk-poised-to-ask-russia-to-extradite-salisbury-attack-suspects
  • Ilyin, A. N. (2019). Rusofobiya Zapada, postroyennaya na sovremennykh sobytiyakh: Kogda ideologemy protivostoyat real’nosti (Russophobia of the West, built on modern events: When ideologemes oppose reality). Gorizonty Gumanitarnogo Znaniya (Horizons of Humanitarian Knowledge), 1. https://doi.org/10.17805/ggz.2019.1.2
  • Kamran, H. (2019, January 5). Hackers: The Case of Skripals has been prepared since 2015. First Russian. https://tsargrad.tv/articles/hakery-delo-skripalej-gotovilos-s-2015-goda_177371
  • Kearns, O. (2016). State secrecy, public assent, and representational practices of U.S. covert action. Critical Studies on Security, 4(3), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/21624887.2016.1246305
  • Krasko, A. S., and Ivkina, P. Y. (2018). The problem of the information war between the West and Russia on the example of "the Case of Skripal”. The Problem of the Information War between the West and Russia on the Example of "the Case of Skripal”, 820s, 352–361.
  • Kushneruk, S. L. (2018). Discourse-world of information-psychological war in the british online media. Èkologiâ Âzyka i Kommunikativnaâ Praktika, 4, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.17516/2311-3499-041
  • Lamont, T. (2018, August 13). Inside the Poisoning of a Russian Double Agent. GQ. https://www.gq.com/story/russia-spy-poisoning
  • Lewis, S. (2018). Salisbury, Novichok and International Law on the Use of Force. The RUSI Journal, 163(4), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1529889
  • Lowenthal, M. M. (2009). Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy (4th ed.). CQ Press: A Division of SAGE.
  • Manoilo, A. (2019). “delo Skripaley” kak operatsiya informatsionnoy voyny (The case of the Skripal as an information warfare operation). Vestnik Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Oblastnogo Universiteta (Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University), 1. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/-n/delo-skripaley-kak-operatsiya-informatsionnoy-voyny
  • Marrs, T. C., Maynard, R. L., Sidell, F. R., and Marrs, T. C. (Eds.). (2007). Chemical warfare agents: Toxicology and treatment (2nd ed). Wiley.
  • Mendick, R., Sawer, P., Evans, M., and Ward, V. (2018, March 15). Suitcase spy poisoning plot: Nerve agent “was planted in luggage of Sergei Skripal’s daughter.” The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.-co.uk/news/2018/03/15/suitcase-spy-poisoning-plot-nerve-agent-planted-luggage-sergei/
  • Morris, S. (2018, March 14). Police home in on five key locations in Skripal attempted murder case. The Guardian. https://www.theguar-dian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/14/police-five-key-locations-salisbury-in-skripal-attempted-case
  • OPCW Issues Report on Technical Assistance Requested by the United Kingdom. (2018, April 12). OPCW. https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2018/04/opcw-issues-report-technical-assistance-requested-united-kingdom
  • Pérez-Peña, R., and Barry, E. (2018, September 5). U.K. Charges 2 Men in Novichok Poisoning, Saying They’re Russian Agents. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/05/world/europe/russia-uk-novichok-skripal.html
  • Police cordon off road in Gillingham following poisoning in Salisbury. (2018, March 14). ITV News. https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/update/2018-03-14/police-cordon-off-road-in-gillingham-following-poisoning-in-salisbury/
  • RFE/RL. (2018, September 28). Report: Third Alleged Russian Agent Involved In Skripal Mission Identified [News]. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/report-third-russian-agent-involved-in-skripal-mission-identified-/29514321.html
  • Rosenbach, E., and Peritz, A. J. (2009a). Confrontation or Collaboration? Congress and the Intelligence Community. Belfer Center/Harvard Kennedy School.
  • Rosenbach, E., and Peritz, A. J. (2009b, July). Covert Action. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. https://www.belfercenter.org/-publication/covert-action
  • Rudgers, D. F. (2000). The Origins of Covert Action. Journal of Contemporary History, 35(2), 249–262. JSTOR. Russian spy poisoning: What we know so far. (2018, October 8). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43315636
  • Russian spy: Yulia Skripal discharged from hospital—BBC News. (2018, April 10). BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43710126
  • Salisbury Novichok poisoning: Russian nationals named as suspects. (2018, September 5). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-45421445
  • Scott, L. (2004). Secret Intelligence, Covert Action and Clandestine Diplomacy. Intelligence and National Security, 19(2), 322–341.
  • Sedwill, S. M. (2018, April 13). Letter from the UK National Security Adviser to the NATO Secretary General. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/letter-from-the-uk-national-security-adviser-to-the-nato-secretary-generalSIS – Our History. (n.d.). Secret Intelligence Service. Retrieved January 23, 2020, from https://www.sis.gov.uk/our-history.html#section-1920
  • Smithson, A. E., Mirzayanov, V. S., Lajoie, G. R., & Krepon, M. (1995). Chemical Weapons Disarmament in Russia: Problems and Prospects. Washington (DC): The Henry L. Stimson Center, 21–33. Spy poisoning: Highest amount of nerve agent was on door. (2018, March 28). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43577987
  • Tagiltseva, Yu. R. (2018). Strategii i taktiki informatsionno-psikhologicheskoy voyny v kontekste rossiysko-britanskikh otnosheniy (Strategies and Tactics of the Information-Psychology war in the Context of Russian-British Relations). Ekologiya Yazyka i Kommunikativnaya Praktika (Ecology of Language and Communicative Practice), 4. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/strategii-i-taktiki-informatsionno-psihologicheskoy-voyny-v-kontekste-rossiysko-britanskih-otnosheniy
  • Tikhomirov, V. (2018, March 8). Yad dlya shpiona. Kto i zachem otravil eks-razvedchika Sergeya Skripalya? (The poison for the spy. Who and why poisoned ex-intelligence officer Sergey Skripal?). Life.ru. https://life.ru/p/1095659
  • Trim, L. (2018, March 14). Local reveals van in new spy poison cordon area has been there for days. Somersetlive. https://www.somersetlive.co.uk-/news/local-news/gillingham-dorset-becomes-latest-town-1337253
  • United States Codes. (1947). 50 U.S. Code § 3093 - Presidential approval and reporting of covert actions. Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the United States Codes. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:50 section:3093 edition:prelim)
  • Vale, J. A., Marrs, T. C., and Maynard, R. L. (2018). Novichok: A murderous nerve agent attack in the UK. Clinical Toxicology, 56(11), 1093–1097. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1469759
  • Van Cleave, M. K. (2013). What is Counterintelligence? A Guide to Thinking and Teaching about CI. The Intelligencer | Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies, 20(2), 57–65.
  • Warner, Michael (2009). Wanted: A Definition of “Intelligence. In Andrew, C., J.Aldrich, R. & K.Wark, Wesley (Ed.), Secret Intelligence, (p.3-11). Routledge, Oxon.
  • К, K. S. (2019). «Delo Skripaley» i Krakh sovremennogo mezhdunarodnogo slavyanskogo dvizheniya (The Case of the Skripals and the Collapse of the modern international Slavic movement). Bol’shaya Yevraziya: Razvitiye, Bezopasnost’, Sotrudnichestvo (Greater Eurasia: Development, Security, Cooperation), 2–1. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/delo-skripaley-i-krah-sovremennogo-mezhdunarodnogo-slavyanskogo-dvizheniya

Sergei Skripal: Rus Çift Taraflı Ajanına Suikast Amaçlı Örtülü Operasyon Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 38, 5525 - 5544, 15.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.800519

Öz

İstihbarat toplama hala istihbarat teşkilatlarının temel amaçlarından biri olmaya devam etmektedir ve bu da bazen onların isyan bastırma eylemlerinin bir parçası olarak gizli veya açık bir şekilde isyana karışmalarına neden olmaktadır. Daha önce MI6 istihbaratı için çalışan Rus kökenli ve çift taraflı ajan Sergei Skripal, Novichok ajanları tarafından yapılan gizli bir operasyonla kızıyla birlikte zehirlendikleri iddiasıyla hayatı tehlikeye girmiş bir kişidir. Bu çalışma, örtülü operasyonu genel olarak analiz ederken, Skripal'e yapılan saldırıyı tanımlamanın yanı sıra, olayı araştırmayı ve saldırıya ilişkin gerekli bilgileri sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Skripal saldırısı hakkında gerekli bilgilerin toplanması için açık kaynaklar kullanılmış ve nihai sonuca varmak için farklı otoriteler tarafından yapılan algı iddiaları analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu makalede varılan bulgular, Novichok saldırısının özellikle Salisbury'deki Skripal'i hedef aldığı ve bunun da Rus müdahalesi sorununu gündeme getirdiği sonucuna varmaktadır. Rusya'nın başından beri yalanladığı bu olay İngiltere, Rusya'nın güç kullanımı olarak suçlandığı ve BM Sözleşmesi'nin açık ihlali olduğu iddiasını parlamentoya taşımıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Association, P. (2018, March 18). Sergei Skripal possibly poisoned through car’s air vents, say US media. The Guardian. https://www.theguar-dian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/18/ex-russian-spy-may-have-been-poisoned-by-cars-ventilation-says-us-media
  • Bellingcat Investigation Team. (2018a, September 26). Skripal Suspect Boshirov Identified as GRU Colonel Anatoliy Chepiga. Bellingcat. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2018/09/26/skripal-suspect-boshirov-identified-gru-colonel-anatoliy-chepiga/
  • Bellingcat Investigation Team. (2018b, October 8). Second Skripal Poisoning Suspect Identified as Dr. Alexander Mishkin. Bellingcat. https://www.bellingcat.com/news/uk-and-europe/2018/10/08/se-cond-skripal-poisoning-suspect-identified-as-dr-alexander-mishkin/
  • Berkeley La Raza Law Journal. (1984). Legality of Covert Action under Contemporary International Law. Berkeley La Raza Law Journal, 1(2), 139. https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38GD3N
  • Britovšek, J. (2018). Comparing Counterintelligence and Counterterrorism – Similarities, Issues and Solutions. Varstvoslovje, Journal of Criminal Justice and Security, year 20(2), 163–181.
  • Clarke, E., & Vaal, D. D. (2018, February 18). Who is Sergei Skripal, how was the Novichok nerve agent used to poison him and who are the two Russian suspects behind the Salisbury attack? The Sun. https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/5732435/sergei-skripal-russian-spy-poison-novichok-nerve-agent-salisbury-suspects-poisoning/
  • Connor, R. (2018, May 4). Sergei Skripal: The former spy poisoned with a nerve agent | DW | 05.04.2018. DW.COM. https://www.dw.com/en/sergei-skripal-the-former-spy-poisoned-with-a-nerve-agent/a-43268388
  • Cormac, R. (2014, February 13). GCHQ’s Cyber Offensive: Online Covert Action – Ballots & Bullets | School of Politics & International Relations, University of Nottingham. Ballots & Bullets | School of Politics & International Relations, University of Nottingham. http://nottspolitics.org/2014/02/13/gchqs-cyber-offensive-online-covert-action/
  • Cormac, R., Goodman, M. S., and Holman, T. (2016). A Modern-Day Requirement for Co-Ordinated Covert Action: Lessons from the UK’s Intelligence History. The RUSI Journal, 161(2), 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2016.1174478
  • Covert action: Uses and misuses. (1987). Strategic Survey, 88(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/04597238708460742
  • Covert Operations Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc. (n.d.). USLegal. Retrieved January 23, 2020, from https://definitions.uslegal.com/c/covert-operations
  • Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms: Vol. Joint Publication 1-02. (2010). Department of Defense. http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod_dictionary
  • Egor, K. (2018, December 20). Chem segodnya zanimayetsya Sluzhba vneshney razvedki Rossii (What does the Foreign Intelligence Service of Russia do today?). Https://Tsargrad.Tv/. https://tsargrad.tv/articles/chem-segodnja-zanimaetsja-sluzhba-vneshnej-razvedki-rossii_175065 Ex-spy Skripal discharged after poisoning. (2018, May 18). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-44165718
  • Fakhrutdinov, R. (2018, March 11). NATO razberetsya: Britaniya zhaluyetsya na otravleniye shpionа (NATO will figure out: Britain complains about spy poisoning). Газета.Ru. https://www.gazeta.ru/social/2018/03/11-/11678509.shtml
  • Federal Law of January 10, 1996 N 5-ФЗ "On Foreign Intelligence. (n.d.). [Official]. Http://Ivo.Garant.Ru/. Retrieved January 23, 2020, from http://ivo.garant.ru/#/document/10135745/paragraph/12797:0
  • Haslam, J. (2016). Near and Distant Neighbors: A New History of Soviet Intelligence (Reprint Ed). Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Haynes, D., Hamilton, F., and Simpson, J. (2018, March 16). Russia: Salisbury poison fears allayed by doctor. The Times. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/russia-salisbury-poison-fears-allayed-by-doctor-vf9v0zg0m
  • Hopkins, N., MacAskill, E., and Harding, L. (2018, August 6). UK poised to ask Russia to extradite Salisbury attack suspects. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/aug/06/uk-poised-to-ask-russia-to-extradite-salisbury-attack-suspects
  • Ilyin, A. N. (2019). Rusofobiya Zapada, postroyennaya na sovremennykh sobytiyakh: Kogda ideologemy protivostoyat real’nosti (Russophobia of the West, built on modern events: When ideologemes oppose reality). Gorizonty Gumanitarnogo Znaniya (Horizons of Humanitarian Knowledge), 1. https://doi.org/10.17805/ggz.2019.1.2
  • Kamran, H. (2019, January 5). Hackers: The Case of Skripals has been prepared since 2015. First Russian. https://tsargrad.tv/articles/hakery-delo-skripalej-gotovilos-s-2015-goda_177371
  • Kearns, O. (2016). State secrecy, public assent, and representational practices of U.S. covert action. Critical Studies on Security, 4(3), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.1080/21624887.2016.1246305
  • Krasko, A. S., and Ivkina, P. Y. (2018). The problem of the information war between the West and Russia on the example of "the Case of Skripal”. The Problem of the Information War between the West and Russia on the Example of "the Case of Skripal”, 820s, 352–361.
  • Kushneruk, S. L. (2018). Discourse-world of information-psychological war in the british online media. Èkologiâ Âzyka i Kommunikativnaâ Praktika, 4, 79–91. https://doi.org/10.17516/2311-3499-041
  • Lamont, T. (2018, August 13). Inside the Poisoning of a Russian Double Agent. GQ. https://www.gq.com/story/russia-spy-poisoning
  • Lewis, S. (2018). Salisbury, Novichok and International Law on the Use of Force. The RUSI Journal, 163(4), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2018.1529889
  • Lowenthal, M. M. (2009). Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy (4th ed.). CQ Press: A Division of SAGE.
  • Manoilo, A. (2019). “delo Skripaley” kak operatsiya informatsionnoy voyny (The case of the Skripal as an information warfare operation). Vestnik Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Oblastnogo Universiteta (Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University), 1. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/-n/delo-skripaley-kak-operatsiya-informatsionnoy-voyny
  • Marrs, T. C., Maynard, R. L., Sidell, F. R., and Marrs, T. C. (Eds.). (2007). Chemical warfare agents: Toxicology and treatment (2nd ed). Wiley.
  • Mendick, R., Sawer, P., Evans, M., and Ward, V. (2018, March 15). Suitcase spy poisoning plot: Nerve agent “was planted in luggage of Sergei Skripal’s daughter.” The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.-co.uk/news/2018/03/15/suitcase-spy-poisoning-plot-nerve-agent-planted-luggage-sergei/
  • Morris, S. (2018, March 14). Police home in on five key locations in Skripal attempted murder case. The Guardian. https://www.theguar-dian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/14/police-five-key-locations-salisbury-in-skripal-attempted-case
  • OPCW Issues Report on Technical Assistance Requested by the United Kingdom. (2018, April 12). OPCW. https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/news/2018/04/opcw-issues-report-technical-assistance-requested-united-kingdom
  • Pérez-Peña, R., and Barry, E. (2018, September 5). U.K. Charges 2 Men in Novichok Poisoning, Saying They’re Russian Agents. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/05/world/europe/russia-uk-novichok-skripal.html
  • Police cordon off road in Gillingham following poisoning in Salisbury. (2018, March 14). ITV News. https://www.itv.com/news/westcountry/update/2018-03-14/police-cordon-off-road-in-gillingham-following-poisoning-in-salisbury/
  • RFE/RL. (2018, September 28). Report: Third Alleged Russian Agent Involved In Skripal Mission Identified [News]. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/report-third-russian-agent-involved-in-skripal-mission-identified-/29514321.html
  • Rosenbach, E., and Peritz, A. J. (2009a). Confrontation or Collaboration? Congress and the Intelligence Community. Belfer Center/Harvard Kennedy School.
  • Rosenbach, E., and Peritz, A. J. (2009b, July). Covert Action. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. https://www.belfercenter.org/-publication/covert-action
  • Rudgers, D. F. (2000). The Origins of Covert Action. Journal of Contemporary History, 35(2), 249–262. JSTOR. Russian spy poisoning: What we know so far. (2018, October 8). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43315636
  • Russian spy: Yulia Skripal discharged from hospital—BBC News. (2018, April 10). BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-43710126
  • Salisbury Novichok poisoning: Russian nationals named as suspects. (2018, September 5). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-45421445
  • Scott, L. (2004). Secret Intelligence, Covert Action and Clandestine Diplomacy. Intelligence and National Security, 19(2), 322–341.
  • Sedwill, S. M. (2018, April 13). Letter from the UK National Security Adviser to the NATO Secretary General. GOV.UK. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/letter-from-the-uk-national-security-adviser-to-the-nato-secretary-generalSIS – Our History. (n.d.). Secret Intelligence Service. Retrieved January 23, 2020, from https://www.sis.gov.uk/our-history.html#section-1920
  • Smithson, A. E., Mirzayanov, V. S., Lajoie, G. R., & Krepon, M. (1995). Chemical Weapons Disarmament in Russia: Problems and Prospects. Washington (DC): The Henry L. Stimson Center, 21–33. Spy poisoning: Highest amount of nerve agent was on door. (2018, March 28). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-43577987
  • Tagiltseva, Yu. R. (2018). Strategii i taktiki informatsionno-psikhologicheskoy voyny v kontekste rossiysko-britanskikh otnosheniy (Strategies and Tactics of the Information-Psychology war in the Context of Russian-British Relations). Ekologiya Yazyka i Kommunikativnaya Praktika (Ecology of Language and Communicative Practice), 4. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/strategii-i-taktiki-informatsionno-psihologicheskoy-voyny-v-kontekste-rossiysko-britanskih-otnosheniy
  • Tikhomirov, V. (2018, March 8). Yad dlya shpiona. Kto i zachem otravil eks-razvedchika Sergeya Skripalya? (The poison for the spy. Who and why poisoned ex-intelligence officer Sergey Skripal?). Life.ru. https://life.ru/p/1095659
  • Trim, L. (2018, March 14). Local reveals van in new spy poison cordon area has been there for days. Somersetlive. https://www.somersetlive.co.uk-/news/local-news/gillingham-dorset-becomes-latest-town-1337253
  • United States Codes. (1947). 50 U.S. Code § 3093 - Presidential approval and reporting of covert actions. Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the United States Codes. https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=(title:50 section:3093 edition:prelim)
  • Vale, J. A., Marrs, T. C., and Maynard, R. L. (2018). Novichok: A murderous nerve agent attack in the UK. Clinical Toxicology, 56(11), 1093–1097. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1469759
  • Van Cleave, M. K. (2013). What is Counterintelligence? A Guide to Thinking and Teaching about CI. The Intelligencer | Journal of U.S. Intelligence Studies, 20(2), 57–65.
  • Warner, Michael (2009). Wanted: A Definition of “Intelligence. In Andrew, C., J.Aldrich, R. & K.Wark, Wesley (Ed.), Secret Intelligence, (p.3-11). Routledge, Oxon.
  • К, K. S. (2019). «Delo Skripaley» i Krakh sovremennogo mezhdunarodnogo slavyanskogo dvizheniya (The Case of the Skripals and the Collapse of the modern international Slavic movement). Bol’shaya Yevraziya: Razvitiye, Bezopasnost’, Sotrudnichestvo (Greater Eurasia: Development, Security, Cooperation), 2–1. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/delo-skripaley-i-krah-sovremennogo-mezhdunarodnogo-slavyanskogo-dvizheniya
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Md. Ishtiaq Ahmed Talukder 0000-0001-6702-5446

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2021
Kabul Tarihi 3 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 38

Kaynak Göster

APA Talukder, M. I. A. (2021). Sergei Skripal: A Study of the Covert Operation to Assassinate the Russian Double Agent. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 17(38), 5525-5544. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.800519